As a prism of the survival situation of people in contemporary capitalist society as Western Marxist theorists，Technical rational criticism not only reconstructs the technical values ​​of humanistic as the background，and broaden the theoretical perspective of Marxist technical philosophy。Despite the specific discussion of modern technology and ethical value、Political effects、Ecological consequences、Social gender and other relations problems，Western Marxist theorists have differences，But they always combine technical criticism and institutional criticism，determines its common value orientation and theoretical characteristics。

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Since the modern industrial revolution，The highly integrated rational and technology has spawned technical rationality，People have obtained a stable material form，Not only is it extensively penetrated into all areas of social life，And as a world view that pursues utility dominates people's way of thinking and behavior mode。But，The capitalist modernity value system and its modern practice formed on the basis of rationalism have proved that the development of science and technology does not necessarily bring social progress and human freedom。This prompted people to start reflecting on the disadvantages of enlightenment and the rationality of science and technology。French Enlightenment thinker Rousseau began to discuss this issue earlier，In the article "On Science and Art", he pointed out that the enlightenment civilization built on science and rationality not only does not bring happiness to humans，Instead, it aroused people's unreasonable desires and caught them into moral corruption -such as doubt、Suspect、hypocrisy、arrogant, etc.。Since then，Nietzsche、Zimeer、Sperto、Heidegger and other modern thinkers have conducted in -depth research on technical rationality from different perspectives，formed a series of rich theoretical results。But most of them are based on abstract metaphysical and cultural philosophy，Not only did bet365 live casino games not find the culprit that caused technical alienation，and mistake the technology itself to believe that the root cause of modernity problems，Take pessimism、Questioning and even hostile attitude towards technical progress，So as to eventually fall into the mud of anti -technicalism。

Different from the above -mentioned thinkers，Western Marxist theorist adhering to Marx's "technical -social critical" tradition，Putting technical issues in the theoretical framework of capitalist critical，Comprehensive inspection of technical and value under capitalist conditions、Politics、Natural、The relationship between women，This reveals the use of technology's capitalism instead of technology itself，is the root cause of the comprehensive materialization of society，Dedicated to bridge the break between the rational and value rationality of the tool，Internal connection between reconstruction technology and value，Shape a technical ethics view that shows the spirit of humanism。

"Rationality" as an evaluation or normative concept，Refers to whether the actions of people are in line with regularity and purpose.，In essence, it is a rational perspective to examine、Correct and perfect real life。In this way，Western Marxist theorists' pursuit of technical rationality is not to discuss the specific technology and ethical problems in the process of use，Instead, under the premise of confirming the dual role of modern technology playing productivity and ideology，Review it to politics、Economy、A profound impact of cultural and even daily life。Lucari advocates criticizing rationality against materialization、Frankfurt School opposes the empiricalism of the philosophy of the world、Ecological Marxism re -explained the concept of "controlling nature"、Feminist Marxism criticized capitalist patriarchal ideology and ideology，In fact, it is to transform the technical rationality and modern value system that has been trapped by capital。Whether they are conducive to the subjectivity of the technology、Is it helpful to achieve social fairness、Whether it is conducive to protecting the ecological environment、Whether it is conducive to promoting female liberation as the evaluation scale，Proposal science and technology Bet365 lotto review towards humanization、Democratization、Ecological and de -gender development development。

Dual logic based on value criticism and system criticism as the theoretical path 

Western Marxism was deeply influenced by Marx's criticism of technical criticism and the influence of contemporary western social thoughts at the beginning of its birth，From Lukacci to Frankfurt School to the late late Marxist，Pathological diagnosis based on the overall crisis of contemporary capitalist，Dual dimensions of philosophical values ​​and capitalist systems，Deep criticism of the rational rational and social consequences of technology。Because they always combine value criticism with institutional criticism reflecting on the phenomenon of alienation of technology，Only to make it unique in the wave of modernity of the noise。

From the perspective of the dimension of philosophical values，Western Marxist theorist believes that the rational and value rationality of tools constitutes the basic content of "rational" -the maximum pursuit of efficiency，The latter pursues the freedom of the person，They emphasize that only by the rational rationality of the tools under the rationality of value can the society develop benign。But，Modern Natural Sciences while rescued people from religious theology，Makes rationality more and more mathematical、Toolization and formation，At this point。This one -sided understanding of rationality，Makes empiricalist philosophy a doctrine，Consumerism culture and the concept of "control nature" have gradually become the values ​​that people generally recognize，This leads to the irrational use of science and technology，further exacerbated society、Tension between people and nature。Based on this，Frankfurt party empirical philosophy and consumerism's negative thinking and critical spirit are complained，Ecological Marxism has criticized the concept of "controlling nature" in Western cultural traditions and its ecological consequences，Feminist Marxism conducts the patriarchal culture that emphasizes male respect and women.，Nothing is to reveal the inherent defects of technical rationality from the perspective of the criticism of philosophical values，Expressing a strong dissatisfaction with the highly integrated integration of contemporary capitalism bet365 Play online games and its comprehensive control of people and nature。

From the perspective of the dimension of the capitalist system，Western Marxist theorist pointed out that the combination of technology and capital makes science and technology a new type of ideology，Control human and nature，The bourgeoisie uses modern technology to promote consumerist values ​​and ways of survival，Make the value rational rationality and its liberation potential that originally contained in science and technology is gradually dissolved。In other words，The effective mechanism of science and technology ideology is to play a role in "Satisfaction of Desire"，Through the ability to transform science and technology, the public's attention is introduced from the political public domain to the non -political consumption field，Extract it in the equal illusion of showing off consumption，This has won the public's support and loyalty to the existing social system，and further consolidate the legitimacy of the rule of contemporary capitalist rule。This can be seen，Although technological progress has greatly improved the level of social productivity，Bring people a rich material life，But it is essentially a tool for capital pursuing profit maximum，Eventually it is completely reduced to an effective means of "controlling nature" and "controller"。So，Western Marxist theorist repeatedly emphasized the use of technical capitalism instead of technology itself is the culprit that causes people and natural alienation，It advocates the cooperation development between "people -nature -society" through the comprehensive changes of philosophical values ​​and social systems。It is the reasonable problem of re -examining technology based on dual dimensions based on value criticism and system criticism，Only to make Western Marxism not like humanism、Ecologicalism and other trends into extreme positions that oppose technological progress and social development。

Taking people's freedom and liberation as the theoretical purpose 

Human freedom and liberation are the eternal theme of the development of human society，It is also the ultimate goal of Marxist philosophy。Western Marxist theorist inherited the belief of Marx's "changing the world"，Give back to the technology of the technology of "heaven" back to "earth"，From Bet365 lotto review value、Politics、Ecological、Gender and other perspectives of different perspectives of science and technology and their social consequences under the conditions of 20th century capitalist conditions，It provides a new idea for people to break away from the constraints of science and technology ideology and slavery。

Western Marxist theorist is mainly a problem of rationality from cultural criticism.，Based on this, two different liberation strategies have been formed。If the early Western Marxism and Ecological Marxism tend to pay attention to the freedom and liberation of the person as a whole，Then the Frankfurt School and feminist Marxism focuses more on the freedom and liberation of the person as an individual。The former focuses on the principle of subjectivity or ecological rationality，Explore the road of free liberation as the overall proletariat，Either advocates politics、The overall revolution, including the economy and culture，Either emphasizes comprehensive liberation of human and nature through the ecological political revolution of the "Red and Green" Alliance。Lucari strongly opposed the deprivation of the subjectivity of people under the capitalist production system under the rational domination of technology，Point out to reshape the revolutionary consciousness of the proletariat through the unified dialectics of the main object。Ecological Marxism proposes the development model of abolishing high capitalist production and high consumption based on the overall interests of human beings，Establish an ecological socialist society based on ecological rationality。For example，Gogo advocates restricting economic rationality by ecological rationality，Ocomna's proposed "productive justice" instead of "distribution justice"，Foster believes that the ecological revolution must be carried out，The reason for the rationalization and ecological transformation of the technology laid the social foundation，To achieve people、The harmonious development between nature and society。The latter is committed to from the cultural industry、Delivery rational、identity politics and other vision insights to understand the survival dilemma of modern people，Proposal to criticize rationality、Delivery rational、Gender consciousness and other bet365 live casino games ways to make the person as an individual embark on the road of free liberation。The theorists of the Frankfurt School think，Contemporary Capitalism more relies on cultural ideology to maintain the legality of its rule。They invariably devoted the hope of self -salvation to the art field that showed personality，Ru Malcusse transformed the existing technical system in the category of "new sensibility"。Feminist Marxism emphasizes patriarchal ideology and unified "female experience" to the liberation of women，The key to pointed out that female liberation lies in individual differences rather than persistent identity，New technologies that brilliant gender gaps are regarded as potential power for women's liberation。other，Contemporary Western Marxist theorist also combined with consumer society、speed politics、Anti -material labor control and other practical problems，Exploring how to break the modern cage。Although their rescue scheme has idealism and pessimism to varying degrees，But never abandon the theoretical commitment to realize individual freedom and liberation。

Generally speaking，Western Marxist theorists not only examine the root cause of rational lesions from the perspective of philosophical values，Humanism orientation of reshaping technology，And proposing changing capitalist production methods from the perspective of the social system is a prerequisite for reasonable use of technology。This social system、The way of rescue of the change of the values ​​of the social structure of the same person，Both are conducive to overcoming humanistic technical philosophers to stay at the level of speculation and philosophy，It is also conducive to avoiding the narrowness of engineering technology philosophers 囿 囿 囿 囿，This shows the spiritual temperament that meets its practicality and ideals。But we should clearly realize，Western Marxism ’s technical rational criticism is rationally criticized in a developed capitalist society with highly integrated science and technology，Devouring the basic route of Marxist political economy because of too much relying on cultural ideology，Finally from technical criticism to moral utine。So，In future technical research and practice，We must adhere to historical materialist bet365 Play online games position，Based on the new stage of historical stages of the country from the great country to science and technology in China，Not adopting an attitude of exclusion，No full copy，and "Analysis、Delivery "draws the theoretical nutrients of rational criticism，Therefore, technological innovation and social progress in the modernization of socialist modernization、Ecological environment、The complex relationship between gender equality。

(This article is the National Social Science Fund Youth Project "Urban Marxism" Space Turbal Treatment Theoretical Research (22CKS013) phase -based results) 

(Author Unit: Marxism College of Zhongnan University of Economics and Law)