We always talk about the world in words，If the statement in the talk is meaningful，So they should be related to the world they are talking about。So，We can't help asking: How is the language and the world be associated? The mainstream view is considered，Some words that constitute sentences "hook" things in the world in some way，refers to one of the ways。Assuming that there are some words, it does be accused in certain rules，So what are the mechanisms of these language implementation，It becomes the most basic problem。

The problem of the language is very complicated，There are many words that may have a functional function，Ru special name、Index、Limited to adhesive words, etc.。Where，As a purely referred to the device, the device is the most important object of research。The theory of the special name is mainly two research directions: one consider，The semantic semantics of the special name is determined by the content associated with one or cluster of descriptions.，describing theory。Another thinking，Specific semantics refers to a certain connection between the existence between the object of the object and the corresponding name，The speaker does not need to be associated with any identifiable description content in this special name，The name is equivalent to a "label"，That is directly referring to theory。Its representative theory is that the connection between the use of the special name and the object of the object is the historical causality of the historical causality chain。Both theoretical bet365 best casino games directions can explain some language phenomena，But at the same time facing many difficulties，Many scholars try to seek more theoretical resources for improvement。

In recent years，Language is a conventional view of the vulgarity to gain attention and discussion，Can we inspect the special name from this perspective? Traditionally, people's understanding of the language is: "Everyone is sitting around a table，After discussion，The language is finalized、Passing down。"，The formation of a language agreed always requires some statements，And these sentences need to exist in the language agreement，So how is the initial language agreed? To deal with this problem，David Lewis (David Lewis) believes that the formation of the formation of a kind of coordination in the given scene。Two or more people choose one action in several action choices，If they choose the same action，Then everyone will get benefits; if they choose different actions，will cause everyone to be damaged。For example，Without preset related traffic regulations，People drive on the road，It is not important to drive on the left or drive to the right，It is important that other vehicles are also driving on the same side road。If some people open left，Some people open to the right，Everyone has the risk of collision。At this time，A car chooses to right or left，Depending on the driver's expectations for other vehicles，That is, if other cars are driving right，Then he choose to go right; if other cars are driving left，Then he chose to lean left。

How is coordination possible? Lewis believes that the key is the consistent common expectations。With the help of an agreement、Highlights、precedent and other methods，This kind bet365 best casino games of coordinated game problem can be balanced。On this basis，The regularity of a certain choice is formed，Everyone in the group follows this rule，and everyone expects that others will follow this rule。If everyone else follows this rule，So you are willing to follow，The consistency of the law is a coordination balance。Lewis calls this phenomenon "agreed"，and think that it can be applied to language。

Coordination problems can be divided into two categories，There are precedent coordination issues and unprecedented coordination issues。For the precedent case，The implementation method of its coordinated balance is to know the coordination balance in one or more precedent for speakers and obedients，And these precedents are similar to the current coordination problem。Both parties will regard the choice and association in the first example as a regularity，This regularity determines the implementation of coordinated balance in the precedent。With a cognition of the regularity of the precedent，The dialogue can infer and expect the other party based on this regularity。Every time you follow the regularity will accumulate the experience of the speaker and obedient，And further guide them in the future scenes to follow such regularity，From this continuous strengthening。As long as the regularity that follows together represents a coordinated balance that is easy to achieve，Everyone is willing to follow the other party's follow，This will produce expectations that will follow the other party，And this expectation will produce a regular choice。This phenomenon can be called the "agreement" between speakers and obedients。

For the unprecedented situation，If the speaker and obedient have a certain bet365 best casino games language ability and common knowledge，They can use this to reach an agreement，So this will become a precedent situation in the aforementioned precedent。If there is no pre -existing language system between the speaker and the obedient，Unable to form a statement to reach an agreement，For example，Ancient humans that have not developed the language ability of the system，Can they reach an agreement? British Skyrms (Brian Skyrms) is based on Darwin evolutionary thoughts based on different breeding and natural variations，The use of evolutionary games and trial and error learning theory has studied this problem，And think that this type of language protocol can naturally emerge。

Based on the definition of Lewis's "agreement"，Combined with the specialized language phenomenon，We can define the "agreed" in the name of the special name as follows。

Using a special name n for language communication in the speaker and the obedient，Cognitive name N of the speaker and obedient has a regular name R，The condition of this regularity becomes "agreed" is:

(1) Everyone follows R;

(2) Everyone expects others to follow R;

(3) Everyone is willing to follow R，Conditions are also followed by others。

Since this is a coordination question，The consistent follow of R is a coordinated balance used by Sentence s second secondary name。

A special name N communicated sentences in specific occasions，If the speaker and the obedient, there is an agreement on the name N and Object O，So the name of the special name n is referred to as an object O。

Based on this definition，Combined with the famous historical cause and effect theory，We can initially depict the special name of the dedicated to the viewing angle。In the process of human natural evolution，Some words and objects are gradually associated，Bet365 app download Then further evolved into an increasingly complex language system。With the help of evolved language system，People can use related statements or real -fingers to perform certain naming rituals。For example，Mother points to the newborn baby，To others present, "I name him Zhang San。"At this time, the mother as the speaker，​​Others present as obedient，A agreement is formed between them，That is, "Zhang San" refers to this baby。or if you do not pass the real finger，Determine with a cluster of adult words，The object described by "Alexander's Emperor's Teacher" is called "Aristotle"。

After the initial naming ceremony is completed，The speaker of the participating ceremony formed a special name N to the object O，And they are willing to follow this agreement。Based on the concept of community proposed by Gareth Evans，These people have constituted a community in a sense，The author calls "the agreed community of the object O of the object O"。If the members of this agreed community intend to refer to object O in a specific dialogue scenario，and the obedient person is also a member of the agreed community，Then the speaker can expect that the obedient is willing to follow the agreement of the community，Choose to use the special name N to form a statement; the obedient receives the name N and judges the speaker，If the expected speaker is a community member of the object O as the special name N，and follow the agreement of the community during use，Then he associates the special name N to the object o，At this time, the two parties reached a coordinated balance。

If the speaker is expected to obey, it is not a member of the community，There may be no agreement between the special name n to the object O between them，Bet365 lotto review So the best choice for speakers is to reach an agreement with the obedient in advance with the obedient，The obedient who successfully reached the agreement became a member of the agreed community，Then the speaker will choose the special name n to organize the statement。In the process of constantly entering the agreed community，The chain passed by forming formed。Visible，A member of an agreed community forms one or more transmission chains that agreed as a bond。With the continuous growth of the chain，Indications of Object O, which is also spread。

In this perspective，The formation of the relationship between the specific name and the object can obtain a more naturalized explanation，Eliminate the mystery，Refers to transfer、Indications such as confusion and other theoretical issues can also get better treatment。The community formed by the contract to determine the relationship between the special name and the object of the object，At the same time, the possibility of changes in the relationship，This fits common phenomena in natural language practice。More importantly，The relevant concept agreed on the modern game and evolution theory has obtained a clearer portrayal，Therefore, a strong theoretical interpretation of the formation and transmission mechanism of the special name。Of course，The theory of the language itself is still in the development stage，The internal evolution of the community and the interaction between the agreed community needs to be discussed in depth，The problem of the special name is also extremely complicated，Various areas involved in language philosophy，Complete a well -known name of the well -known specifications based on the theory of agreed theory. There is still a long way to go。

bet365 live casino games (Author Unit: School of Philosophy of Renmin University of China)