Historically in the Spring and Autumn Period，Is the prosperity of Chinese civilization、The era of transformation，This means that Confucius faced various civilization forms from the beginning，The existing three generations of civilization，There is also a horizontal state civilization。Confucius' view of civilization is reflected in how to view and determine these civilization forms。

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For summer、Business、Wednesday generation civilization form，Confucius adheres to a way of "profit or loss"。When the disciple Zhang asked "Tenth Worlds"，Confucius replied: "Yin is due to Xia Li，profit or loss，It can be known; Zhou is due to Yin Li，profit or loss，You can know;，Although Best can know it。"" ("The Analects of Confucius · Gee Political") Confucius said "Li"，has surpassed the specific ceremony and ritual system，and rising into a civilized meaning "Li"，"Xia Li", "Yin Li", "Zhou Li"，refers to summer、Business、Wednesday generation of ritual and music civilization。During the change of different dynasties，The profit and loss between different civilization forms is a normal state。Maybe it is because of summer、The reason for the insufficient literature of the Shang Dynasty，"Xia Li，I can say it，Qi is not enough; Yin Li，I can say it，Songs of Song Don’t Zhengye。The literature is not enough。Foot，If I can recruit it "(" The Analects of Confucius · Eight ")。"Literature" is a classic book carrying civilization。Qi、Song is Xiaren、After the Yin people，"Xia Li" and "Yin Li" because of insufficient literature，Can't see its full picture，Therefore, you can only "say" but cannot "Zhengye"。Comparison of comparison，Summer、Business、Wednesday generation，Confucius is more devoted to "Zhou Li"，Praise to the Zhou people's civilization，"Zhou Jian in the second bet365 Play online games generation，Yu Wenhuo，I from Zhou。"(" The Analects of Confucius · Eight ") on the basis of the profit and loss of" Xia Li "and" Yin Li "，"Zhou Li" means that Zhou Ren civilization has changed。From the perspective of expression，Zhou people's civilization not only includes "Li", "Le" civilization，also includes "Poetry" and "Book" civilization; from the internal meaning,，"De" becomes the core theme of Zhou's civilization，The concept of "Germany" is all over the fields of Zhou people's civilization，So that Wang Guowei infer: the results of the severe changes in political and cultural changes during Yin Zhou，It is Zhou people "He Tianzi、Princes、Qing、Doctor、Shi、The people are a group of morality "。

"I from Zhou" indicates that Confucius admires the Zhou people's civilization; but "Cong" is not blindly obeying、Follow，It indicates that Confucius has not lost the rational judgment of the form of civilization。"The one is or the successors，Although Best can know it "，Zi Zhang asked how to know the future，Confucius is in summer、Business、Selection selection process of Wednesday generation civilization，The "profit or loss" of the form of civilization。This "profit or loss" way，Origin from Confucius's rational judgment of the continuity of the three generations of civilization，"Bai Shi Know" is both the philosophical interpretation of Confucius' philosophy of the change of civilization，It is also a theoretical preset for the continuity of Chinese civilization。

　　Civilization Priority View

Confucius "Zu Shuyao Shun，Charter Cultural Martial Arts。"" ("Book of Rites · Mean") But，Even in the face of Yao Shun's holy，Confucius is not worshiping the gift，Instead, take a very sober rational attitude。"Zigong said:‘ if there is a blog to the people，and can help the public，He? Is it benevolent?，must be holy! Yao Shun is still sick!，Confucius believes that if it can really be like this，It is not at the level of "benevolence"，Instead, it has reached the situation of "holy"。but but，Yao bet365 best casino games Shun did not reach this situation，"Uttle Disease" is inadequate。Visible，The situation of "Holy" is not happened overnight，Also requires a time to advance in Germany。The last article of "The Analects", Yao Zen let Yu Shun's warning，Shun Zen let Yu Yu's resignation，Confucius is not the Zen for the emperor，Instead, "the four seas are sleepy，Tianlu Yongli "，"I guilty，None of the Wanfang; Wanfang is guilty，Sin is bowing "(" The Analects of Confucius · Yao Yao ").，is the "amount of power，Trial method，Repair official，The Political Acts of the Quartet "(" The Analects of Confucius · Yao Yao ")，They carry the early Chinese institutional civilization、Political Civilization。Compared to Emperor Yao Shun Zen Jie，Confucius pays more attention to the historical achievements of Yao Shun's creation of early Chinese civilization。

Although Confucius advocates Zhou people's civilization，But he did not degrade other regions、State、The level of civilization of the dynasty。From the perspective of the civilized achievements of the dynasties of the dynasties，Confucius saw the "profit or loss" place，At the same time, it is advocated to treat its civilization contribution，"When the summer is in the summer，Take Yinzhizhi，Server Zhou's Crown，Leze "Shao" Dance "(" The Analects of Confucius · Wei Ling Gong ")。"Summer", "Yin Yan" and "Zhou Mian" as the civilized achievements of various dynasties in the early days，Each director also uses itself，This shows that Confucius attaches more attention to the diversity and originality of civilization。"Shao" is the joy of Emperor Shun，"Wu" is the joy of the Zhou people Wuwang，"Zi" Shao "，‘Beauty，Also good。'"Wu"，‘Beauty，Not good at。'"(" The Analects of Confucius · Eight ")" Show ", that is, the meaning of" stop "and" pole "，Emperor Shun "Shao" stops at "good" and "fulfills beauty"，The perfect unity of moral spirit and aesthetic spirit; although "Wu" music belongs to part of the Zhou people's civilization，"Unpredictable" bet365 best casino games is still lack of moral spirit，It has not reached the situation of both "good" and "beauty"。Visible，Compared with the dynasties，Confucius is more inclined to a civilized priority value orientation。

Wangwen Wang from the Western Zhou Dynasty、Wu Wang Comparison，For Yin Shang survivors and their outstanding figures in the east，Confucius also adopted the attitude of "one treaty"，Similarly, "Benevolence", "Sage", "Yimin"。"Go to the micro -go，箕 为，Death than dry。Confucius said: ‘Yin has three benevolent。'"(" The Analects of Confucius · Weizi ") Boyi、Uncle Qi Nai Oriental Lonely Bamboo Jun Guozi，Confucius Zan，"Boyi、Uncle Qi does not read the old evil，Resentment uses Hime。"(" The Analects of Confucius · Gongye ")" Zi said: ‘do n’t surrender，Do not humiliate it，Boyi、Uncle Qi and! "" "The Analects of Confucius · Weizi") The other place may be "sage" and "benevolent"，"Said:" Who is Uncle Boyi Qi? "Said:‘ Ancient Sage also。'said: ‘grievances? ‘Said:‘ Seeking benevolence，What are the grievances? ‘” ("The Analects of Confucius · Research")

From the differences in different regions，Confucius also upholds the value orientation of civilization priority，"Son to live in Jiuyi。or said: ‘Bad，What is it? ‘Zi said:‘ gentleman ’s home，How bad! ‘” (The Analects of Confucius · Zihan)) In the Spring and Autumn Period，"Jiuyi" ministers belong to Chu、Wu、Vietnam Three Kingdoms，In the Warring States Period and exclusive Chu Kingdom，Its region is on the edge of Chinese civilization，"Bad"，That is, the degree of civilization is low，A gentleman symbolizes a higher level of civilization，"Residence" is its words and deeds、Together，Can be assimilated with civilization。When answering Zishi，"Zi said:‘ Yan Zhongxin，Xingxing，Although the states of the bid。Unfaved letter，Not respect，Although the state is in the state? "" "The Analects of Confucius · Wei Linggong") Barbine，bet365 live casino games South Man; 貊，Beidi。"Faithfulness", "Respect" is the requirements of the gentleman's words and deeds，Confucius believes that even if the state of "Barbarians"，It should also be pursued to develop the quality and personality of "Yan Zhongxin" and "Respect"，Call the quality requirements of the Chinese civilization for the gentleman's words and deeds。Confucius's "civilized priority" value orientation，Is to the sages、Dynasties change、Geographical differences、Beyond of the race，Zhao shows a kind of attention to diversity、tolerance、rich civilization orientation。

　"Ren "'s civilized dimension

Lu State of the Spring and Autumn Period，Although politics、Economic strength cannot be compared with the spring and autumn five tyrants，But it is a civilized center。This can be proof of two literatures，First, "Zuo Zhuan · Zhaogong Two Years"，Jin Guo Han Xuanzi visited Lu Kingdom，Sighs: "Zhou Li is all in Lu Yan! I know the virtue of Zhou Gong and Zhou Wang。"The second is the" Historical Records of the Lubian Family "，"Lu You Tianzi Ritual Music，With the virtue of the Zhou Gong "，This makes Lu Kingdom a "center center" of Zong Zhou civilization。Compared to Qi Gonggong、Jin Wengong and other princes of "domineering" to other weak small states，Confucius advocates the diplomatic relations strategy of "Huai Rou" and "Education"。Lu Guo Ji's will recruit 颛臾，颛臾 乃 乃 庸 庸 庸，Ji Shi wants to take it for yourself。Confucius believes that 颛臾 颛臾，Not to be fell; its place is in the state of Lu State，No need to cut。Confucius disciples Ran Qiu not only gathered for Ji，Alive with Ji Family，Confucius said to Ran Qiu: "，Therefore, far people are not convinced，Then repair since Fen De。Come，Ze Anzhi。"(" The Analects of Confucius · Ji ") Confucius answered Ai Gong when he asked about politics，Think that the way to govern the world has the "Nine Classics"，Among them, "Rouyuan People" and "Hangs Princes" are listed in the final，"Rouyuan people，then the Bet365 app download square returns;，Then the world is fearful "。Visible，"Xiu Wende", "Rouyuan"，Nai Confucius's consistent affirmation of diplomatic relations。

For this，I'm afraid Confucius's evaluation of Guan Zhong is the most prominent。Zilu、Zigong has a micro word for Guan Zhong，"Zilu said:‘ 桓 公，Call Suddenly Death，Guan Zhong does not die。'said: ‘Uncassionate? ‘Zi said:‘ Gong Gong Jiuhe Princes，Do not use the soldiers，Guan Zhongzhi also。Ru Ren! Relief!，Can't die，Agreement。'Zi said: ‘Guan Zhongxiang Gong，Bully Prince，Yi Kuang Tianxia，People are given to it today。Microgenza，I was sent to the left。Is the woman who is forgiven by the husband and the woman，Knowledge of self -knowledge from the ditch。'"(" The Analects of Confucius · Constitutional Question ") Zilu Zilu uses" unintentional "，Zigong judges the Zhong with the "non -benevolent"，Confucius is "like its benevolence! Ru Ren!" Jiu Guan Zhong。

What is the deep meaning of Confucius from his disciples Chen Ming? Spring and Autumn Period，Guan Zhong is a thinker who realized earlier realizing "Yi" and "Summer"。​​"Zuo Zhuan · Min Yongnian" contains: "Guan Jingzhong (Guan Zhong) said in Qi Hou:‘ Rongdi Wolf，Guard the following year。Don't give up，Don't give up。'"" Avish "is satisfying，"Parent" is the same。Min Yaoyue，North Dai Xing，Guard the following year，Qi Gonggong rescue Xing、Stock Guard，Help Qi State Bulio Rise，During this period, "Nanyi and Beidi Dao，China is endless "(" The Biography of the Gong Rams, Ten Years ")。"Zhu Xia" refers to Huaxia civilization，Guan Zhong advocates maintaining the order of Chinese civilization。Confucius did not evaluate Guan Zhong with a small ritual section of daily life，Instead of standing at the height of Huaxia civilization，fully affirmed Guan Zhong's historical achievements for Chinese civilization。First，"The left of the left" is the vulgarity of Nai Yidi，It is a kind of barbarian lifestyle that relative to civilization，"Micro bet365 Play online games Management Zhong" is a hypothetical sentence，refers to the purity of the Chinese civilization of Zhongwei; the second，"Nine Lords Princes", "One Kuang Tianxia"，Refers to Guan Zhong's maintenance of the unity of Chinese civilization; third，"People are given to it today"，Confucius praised Guan Zhong's Kuang Zhengzheng to the Chinese civilization，Make Chinese civilization can benefit the people of the world。This is the deep meaning of Confucius' "Relief"，"Ren" also obtained a "civilization" dimension。

Confucius all his life，But he is thinking about the sacred mission of inheriting the Chinese civilization。"The King of Wen is neither，Isn't the text? Heaven will be mourned，The deceased must not be with the Sven;，What is Kuangren? "(" The Analects of Confucius · Zihan ") As long as the pulse of the Chinese civilization still exists，As long as "Tian" "Unlimited Sri Lang"，Confucius never forgets his sacred mission，This is Confucius' consciousness and spirit of consciousness and responsibility of the Chinese civilization inheritance。

　(The author is a professor at the School of Philosophy and Sociology, Hebei University)