"Mueller Note" is the ideological experimental text written by the young Marx when encountering political economics，Because of its more concentrated comments, it becomes an important part of understanding Marx's ideological logic at this time。Based on Mega2 detailed inspection of "Mueller Note" Economic ideological and historical context and its complex theoretical effects，It will help us to grasp the ideological development process of the young Marx，Re -reflect on the relevant debate in the current academic community。

The academic world focuses on the writing order and theoretical status of "Mueller Note" and "The Manuscript of Economics in 1844" (hereinafter referred to as "1844 Manuscript")，and have achieved abundant results in the interpretation of literature testing and ideological logic，It mainly includes three interpretation modes。One is Zhang Yibing、"Pioneer" represented by scholars such as Wei Xiaoping，"Mueller Note" was written in front of "1844 Manuscript"; the second is to use Labin、"Intermediate Say" represented by scholars such as Han Lixin，"Mueller Note" written in the "Manuscript of 1844" Notebook I and Notebook II、between III; the third is to use Taobert、Luo Yang、"Said" represented by scholars such as Yao Shunliang and others，"Mueller Note" was written after the notebook III of "1844 Manuscript"。Although the latter two views are supported by most scholars，But still needs to be discussed in depth。Some scholars deny the first point of view from the literature level，Based on Marx's Bet365 app download notebook i in "1844 Manuscript" notebook I directly quoted Li Jiatu and Mueller's works。But actually，Marx has used Li Jiatu and Muller's theoretical resources in notebook i。For example，Marx pointed out in the "salary" column，Division of labor expansion and capital accumulation leads to workers into machines。Through the relevant excerpts in Paris Notes, you will find it，This statement is exactly the excerpts and comments of Li Jiatu and Muller's works from Marx。This indicates，The traceability of Marx's theoretical origin cannot be based on direct text citations，It also needs to be combined with Marx's extract notes that hidden clues implied。There are also scholars who emphasize from the level of ideological logic to emphasize the alienation of "Muller Note" higher than the labor alienation in the notebook i，The reason is: the former shows Marx's social relationship vision，The bud that constitutes the criticism of historical materialism and even the criticism of materialism，The latter stays in the structure of the master and guest relationship of isolated individuals。But the problem is: (1) The core of labor alienation is not an isolated main relationship，Instead of the labor exploitation relationship behind private property; (2) The social relationship in Mueller's Note is mainly exchange relationship，The freedom and equality it represents is just an ideological illusion，obscured the private property as its premise and its exploitation essence。So，Social relations at this time are not scientific insights。In order to further clarify the above problems，We need to return to the inner association of the deep political economy context and alienation Bet365 app download logic of "Mueller Note"。

By inspecting the second of "Paris Notes"、Three strokes can be found，Sais、Skalberk and Smith's works show Marx's "business society" in the context of political economy。First，The motivation of the behavior of the behavior comes from its own minds and needs。Scarberk emphasized，People’s behaviors are selfishness that meets their own needs。Smith pointed out，People's exchange behavior is a natural tendency for self -interest，and therefore construct a business society。2，The premise of commodity exchange is to recognize private property。Sais emphasized，Private property is a recognized possession。Scarberk further pointed out，Property right is the first basic condition for commodity exchange。third，Currency is a common intermediary for commodity exchange。Scarberk and Smith have identified the value scale and exchange methods of the currency，That is, the value of the currency gives exchange value is in the form of material existence，Otherwise, the value of exchange is just an abstraction，thus becoming a universal business means of all civilized nations。and this just constitutes Marx in the "Mueller Note" and constructs the theory of intercourse alienation theory。He pointed out，The essence of the currency lies in the intermediary activity of human products (social operations) alienation as the attributes of human objects。Compared to Hus' misappropriation of Ferbaha's religious alienation logic directly to the currency to God，Marx more accurately grasp the currency intermediary function and its alienation structure，3170_3202，Currency as the intermediary of people and things as the dual bet365 live casino games alienation of people and things。Subsequent，Marx continues to explore the root cause of the development of private property along economics: human communication tendency will inevitably develop to exchange，The exchange on the premise of private property will inevitably develop to value。Value is an abstract relationship between private property，Currency is a way of existence in this abstract relationship。Visible，At this time, Marx consciously realized that currency is an abstract value or social relationship with the help of Smith and Scarberk。

Subsequent，Marx analyzed the individual and their social nature in business society from the perspective of philosophy。He pointed out，Discuss the common essence of people in the form of exchange and trade in the form of exchange and trade，This common essence comes from individual needs and self -interest，Is the reality、Live、Special individuals actively realize the direct product of its fixed in。Because the nature of human category is self -alienation，So，This common essence must be presented in the form of alienation。This can be seen，The business society described by Smith and others constitutes a direct theoretical background of Marx's alienation theory，But the equal exchanges displayed by the concept of the business society itself cover up the essence of the exploitation of private property as the premise，If you only stay at the level of communication with alienation，It cannot break through the hidden constraints of this bourgeois ideology。So，Marx did not stop there，but the "Life Labor Labor" that is keenly aware of reality，From alienation from interaction to labor -mover。

Marx pointed out，The premise of the exchange bet365 live casino games relationship is that labor becomes a direct labor -made labor。The context of the appearance of "Living Life" originated from the clue of the "labor division of labor — labor machine — private property based on exploitation" in "Paris Notes"。Marx passed Sais、Smith and others' works recognize，labor division of labor can improve productivity、Promoting social welfare，Will deprive and degrade personal abilities。The internal contradiction of the division of labor constitutes the overall economics context of Marx's concern for labor，and reach the vertex in Li Jiatu。Marx saw through Li Jiatu，On the one hand，Workers' labor is just to obtain the minimum wage for maintenance，So it is caught in universal poverty，reduced to "labor machine"; on the other hand，Private property based on deprivation is a necessary prerequisite for capital accumulation，Workers become machines that create private interests for capitalists。This means that the essence of the deprivation of private property is the root cause of "labor becomes a living"，It is also the foundation of a business society。In short，Marx sees the extremely contradictory situation of real labor in the context of political economics: labor is an important source of creating wealth and value，But under the private ownership of the bourgeoisie, the cruel exploitation，Equipment of making a living。That's for this，Some scholars have proposed that "labor -making labor" should be translated as "profit -making labor". It just ignores this important level。And this actually constitutes the theoretical activation point of the theory of labor alienation from the perspective of human -based learning。

Business society and labor -made labor based on the context of political bet365 Play online games economics，Marx initially constructs the theory of labor alienation in the phrase。First，Marx pointed out that the reality of the alienation of labor as a living is: First, the needs and mission of the work and the workers of their products and the mission of the workers will be lost directly，It depends entirely on "Social Combination of Alien"。division of labor and exchange makes the labor increasingly sliced，Makes people a highly abstract existence。The theoretical support here obviously comes from the business society of Smith and others and the concept of "labor machine" of Li Jiatu。Second is the separation of product production and consumption，Its root is the labor and ownership caused by capital monopoly private property、separation of labor and capital。This labor exploitation relationship has become an important opportunity for Marx to start breaking the logic of alienation。Next，Marx, based on this, initially expounded the quadruple form of labor alienation: the alienation and accidentality of the labor subject、Labor alienation and accidentality of labor objects、The mission of workers depends on social needs、Maintaining survival is the only purpose of workers。From this，We can get the following conclusions: First，At this time, the overall logic framework of Marx's theory of labor alienation is still exchanging relationship，But he's concern about the situation of the workers' livelihood and its hidden labor exploitation and class confrontation relationship，It constitutes the germination of the theory of constructing humanistic labor alienation in "1844 Manuscripts"。2，At this time, Marx's theory of labor alienation lacks "abandoning and alienation"，But he then Bet365 app download constructed the complete logic of labor alienation theory by drawing on Higgel's negative dialectics。

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(The author is an associate professor of the Marxist Social Theory Research Center and the Department of Philosophy of Nanjing University)