Academy is an educational institution unique to ancient China，In the millennium history of the Tang Dynasty to the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Effective supplement to the academy as official education，Reading of ancient scholars、Lecture、An important place for writing。Academy has always been the position of Confucianism inheritance and spread，Including lectures、Education、Collection、Sacrifice, etc.，Play important social education and academic communication functions。In Chinese history，The formation of many academic factions and the spread of academic thought are closely related to the academy，As Zhu Zixue School、Taizhou School、The formation of Yan Li Xue faction is inseparable from academy education，The academic thoughts of each school can be passed on through college education、Publicity and innovation。

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The college has a heavier academic tendency，The academy should be reduced to a vassal of the imperial examination system when the imperial examination needs。The changes in the Yi Dai of the Ming and Qing Dynasties prompted Huang Zongxi、Gu Yanwu、Wang Fuzhi、Yan Yuan and other Qing early Qing thought group groups think about saving the world，They realize to read meditation、Eight Stocks' Academy Education is endlessly harmful，Then the academic road turned to the study of the world's savior of the world，I hope to make talents with education，Salvation with talents。At that time, a trend of practical thoughts in the world emerged in the society，Some folk colleges have begun to turn to practical education，College education presents the practical characteristics of the world。where，Zhangnan Academy, hosted by the Peace of the North School of Confucianism, is particularly prominent，Its educational purpose、Education method、Education method、Educational goals, etc., all reflect clear practicality、Practical and Enlightenment。

Zhangnan Academy is located in Tunzibao Village, Feixiang County, Guangpingfu (now Guangping County, Handan City, Hebei Province).，Local gentleman Hao Wencan expanded a righteous science into an academy，hired Xu Sanli, the servant of the Ministry of Military Affairs as the "Zhangnan Academy" plaque "，and three degrees, please Yan Yuan as the host of the academy。35th year of Kangxi (1696) May，62 -year -old Yan Yuan was shaken by the sincerity of Hao Wencan Chongzhong Master，Go to Feixiang to host Zhangnan Academy，Starting reforming college regulation and curriculum settings，It is expected to create a school that returns to ancient times Bet365 lotto review and is used in the practical school today。August of the same year，Due to Zhangshui flooding，Zhangnan Academy was flooded with floods，Yan Yuan has to resign back to his hometown。

Yan Yuan hosted Zhangnan Academy only 100 days，However, its educational thought has the significance that cannot be ignored for future generations。The academy advocates "thinking is worse than learning，Learning must be learned "" Rough and real，Do not be arrogant "and other Chong Shi to use the spirit，Kai of the Education of Education of Ancient Chinese School of Studies，Can be called a prominent representative of the School of Physics in the early Qing Dynasty。

　　"Implementation is Chong" educational purpose

Yan Yuan, who has experienced the pain of Yi Dai, bother with the empty accumulation of Song Ming Confucianism，It can be said that it is "the most thorough old learning opponent"。His Sinology of more than 2,000 years、Song Xueyi Clear，Refers to the Chinese learning "Misty with a sentence with a sentence"，Song Xue "The World with the World"，"Seeking a bold qi，Nothing! "Therefore, it is advocated that" the vacancies are empty，Moving the quiet "，Two -study of practical studies，State Study on behalf of the animation，Studies on behalf of the life，、Real text、Implement、Actual performance replaces virtual reason、Floating、empty words，Replace the study of meditation with the learning of Xi Xing。The practical thoughts of Chongshi Xuanxu have a clear manifestation in the design of Zhangnan Academy，The Academy uses "Fanwen is ring，Implementing is Chong "as educational purpose，"Ning Rough and Real，Do not be arrogant "is the design principle，It is intended to cultivate the real talents of the people of the world。

Zhangnan Academy implements the teaching system of split -division divisions，The "Xi Lecture Hall"，There are six fast on both sides of the academy。The first fast on the east is "Cultural Azai"，Course Ceremony、Le、Book、Numbers、astronomy、Geography and other subjects; the first fast on the west is "Wu Bei Zhai"，Lesson Huangdi、Taigong and Sun、Wu Zhuzi Bing Law，Offensive and defensive、Camp Array、Land and Water War Method，Riding and shooting royal、Strikes and other subjects; the second fast on the east is "Jing Shi Zhai"，Lesson Thirteen Classics、history、诰、Chapter、Poetry, etc.; The second fast on the west is "Yi Nengzhai"，Lesson water、Fire School、Engineering、Number of image, etc.; East on the inside of the gate of the academy is "Confucian Zhai"，Sitting in class，Editor -in -law、Zhu、Lu、Wang Zhixue; the west side is "Posts and Zhai"，Eight shares of lessons。Let this two fast，A coexistence of practical learning and science，"Temporarily harvested to show me the bet365 Play online games wide range of Tao"; the second is the measure of right and appropriate，"Time -based system"。The Academy also has a guesthouse、playground、warehouse、Kitchen Stove、Toilet、Qianyi Ting and other infrastructure，It seems that a complete new school college。

"Xi Lecture Hall" on both sides with Yan Yuan Tu Tu Tu Council: "Chatting Kong Xuli Xi Xing，Take off the hometown、Zen、Training、The set of posts;，Milk Talents、Political Affairs、Taoist、Machine of Quality。"" Religion "and" Study Economy "clarify the teachings of Zhangnan Academy，Abandon Song and Ming Xu Xue，Taking the Confucian Original Code as a carrier，Return to Confucianism，Reconstruct a talent to cultivate talents with the study of the economy、The academic path of governing the country with the talents used by the world。

　　Education content of "Learning of things"

Zhangnan Academy followed the "Xi Zhai Doddling" booked in the early years of Yan Yuan，In traditional moral education、In addition to knowledge education，Pay more attention to the moral practice of the economics of studying Liuyi and other economics，Implement the content of the educational content to the real human world。Pay attention to the practicality of education is the inheritance and promotion of the Confucian tradition，It is also an important point of Zhangnan Academy different from other academies。

The educational content of Zhangnan Academy is mainly the study of things such as the original Confucian "six houses", "three things", "three things", "four education"，With rich practical meanings。"Six Mansion" is "water、Fire、Gold、Middle、Earth、Valley，"Three things" means "Zhengde", "Use", "Thick Life"，"Three things" is "Sixth" (knows、Marriage、Holy、Yi、Middle、and)、"Six Elements" (filial piety、Friends、Mu、Marriage、Ren、shirt、"Six Arts" (Li、Le、Shooting、Royal、Book、Number)，"Four Education" is "Text、line、Loyal、Letter "。

Yan Yuan believes that the learning of "six arts" is the most important，Emphasized "Entering Six Arts"，On this basis, pay special attention to "soldiers、Farmers、Money、Valley、Water、Fire、Gong、Yu、astronomy、Geography "and other studies，and put it into "Xi Zhai Doddling": "Everyone for my apprentice，Dangzhi Xue Li、Le、Shooting、Royal、Book、Numbers and soldiers、Farmers、Money、Valley、Water、Fire、Gong、Yu "，Put this kind of skill、Practical disciplines are listed as a must -have subject for disciples in the academy，As a period, "Teach the Material of Governance of the World"。

From the perspective of educational content，The content of the Zhangnan Academy is all the learning of real world，Instead of virtual studies、metaphysics。Yan Yuan rebuked Song and Ming Academy as "Taoist Academy" and "School" Bet365 app download in "On the Pioneering Academy"，Think of Cheng Zhu、Lu Wang Miscellaneous Dyeing Buddha and Flowing in Xu Xuan，The study of meditation is not the true biography of the Confucius and Mencius。Therefore，He advocates returning to Zhou Kong Zhengxue，Back to ancient times to open new，strives to make Zhangnan Academy into a strategy of cultivating Jingtianwei、Practical Academy of the Talent of Lile and Music and Peasant，Revisiting the spirit of the original Confucianism, the spirit of the world。Shin from the Wenmo World who reads meditation to the world of things in the economy，Show the new road of Chongshi Education in the early Qing Dynasty。

　　Education method of "Xiqiu Active"

Scholars since the Song and Ming dynasties are generally "soft and crispy as women and women", "There are no things to talk about mind，Report the King of Danger in Danger "，Usually keen to talk about the scriptures and do nothing to get economic，When social turmoil, only Xie Jun。Yan Yuan believes that this type of rot Confucianism is the product of the educational method of "half -day reading" and "half -day sitting" education method of Song and Ming.，He strives to break Song Ru to read the dead book、The bad habits of death reading，I think "there is no other way to read books，Just focus on the word "line '"，The way to know the way to actively practice the physical practice。He starts with the explanation of "grid"，Solution "grid" is "Dooring"，Take the piano and medical treatment as an example，Explain that the cooked piano scores and the piano、Knowledge difference between medical books and diagnosis pharmaceuticals，"Wake up in your heart，Saying in the mouth，Paper on paper，Don't learn from your body，It is useless "。From this to all things, you must practice it yourself.，Therefore, the path to the body to know the path from reading to the practice of Xi Xing。

Yan Yuan also experienced the harm of sitting in the Song and Ming Academy in the province，It is believed that it is easy to make people consume the body and mind for a long time，"In the Study Room，The spirit of the lazy man，Weaken the bones，The scholar of the world，Scholarship of all diseases "。Therefore, we will implement the action education of "being good at raising your body" at Zhangnan Academy，I believe that action education can make people strong、Spiritual Vibration，The so -called "one movement is strong and strong，The family is strong，One country moves, one country is strong，The world is moving, but the world is strong "。Obviously，Action、Practice、Education methods of life can be strong，The strong body is the Confucian mediation、Base point of Liji Cangsheng，Strong body can be strong、Guoqiang、The world is strong。Yan Bet365 lotto review Yuan himself can be called the Confucianist who is acting，He often led his disciples to "learn shooting", "Raise Stone", "Xi Dao", "Ultra -distance", "Fighting Fist", etc.，The philosophy of action of Zhangnan Academy Education with a lively physical practice。

　Education goals of "Each Expedition"

The educational goals of Zhangnan Academy are not 囿 囿，and pay more attention to cultivating the talent of "Xiu Qi and Ping Ping"。Yan Yuan said from "qi meling into a piece"，Profitting the theory of integration of qi and temperament humanity。He believes that the goodness of human beings is the fundamental to Cheng Shengxian，The evil of human nature is due to the acquired dyeing，Nourishing workers through "Forming Formation" can restore true goodness，The theoretical preset of human nature is more universal。On the holy path，Yan Yuan according to endowment、material deviation proposed the concept of "bias sages"，"All the sages of the whole，The winner is the sage of the bias "，It is considered to be proficient in a practical skill to be called "the sage of the bias"，The criteria for determining the sage pay more attention to the practicality of the real society。

Follow this orientation，Yan Yuanli made Zhangnan Academy into an academy that cultivates practical talents in various fields。His judgment on talents does not seek full responsibility，It is not demanding that "the top and bottom are fine to find the whole" talent，Permanent Talent who prefers "lifelong sperm"，The ideal personality they pursue is to have a skill with a skill，"Each special matter，Non -tasking and taking pictures，Also the hero "，"It is better to be one end and one section，The deficiency of all the use of the whole。If Liuyi cannot be both，Lifetime to stop fine arts "。This kind of talent each special、The special talent view of each of them has broken through the traditional single -person outlook on the traditional use，Gives talents more possibilities and universality。

Yan Yuan's special talent view is also reflected in the education practice of Zhangnan Academy。He advocates based on student endowment、Teach different materials for different materials，so as to do its best，Easy to harvest effectiveness，"Xue must do one piece，It is useful，is the first -class sage "。He also advocates that he is longing for his own endowment bias，Disciple or good at ritual、or is good at shooting、or is good at shooting、or is good at soldiers、or is good at farm，Leading the new style of academy education in the early Qing Dynasty through the Bangshi of the Qing Dynasty。

　　Modern Revelation of the Education Reform of Zhangnan Academy

Zhangnan Academy is named for the world because of Bishop Yan Yuan，The academic atmosphere of Chongshi Xuanxu Broadcast，Become a place where the four famous celebrities Bet365 lotto review aggregate for advice，Daming (Zhi Nan Road)、Wei County、Gentlemen and children of Feixiang and other places have come to worship。According to Daiwang's "Yan Shi Ji Ji" record，A total of 108 people with a disciple of Yan's disciples，Hebei South、There are more than 30 people in the northern Henan area，Zhangnan Academy became a heavy town for the spread of practical communication in the early Qing Dynasty for a while。The development of Yanyuan's academic thought has nothing to do with Zhangnan Academy，It is lectures at Zhangnan Academy、In the process of writing，Yan Li Xue School can form、Development and famous far broadcast。

The education change of Zhangnan Academy is unique in the history of the education of Chinese academies，Its division of teaching covers text、History、Life、Gong、Farmers、method、Military、Sports、Art and other subjects，Water and fire in the traditional academy、Gongyu、Bingnong、Qiangu、astronomy、Geography and other skill disciplines are included in。Its subject scale has begun to take shape of modern comprehensive universities，Become an important part of connecting ancient Chinese education and modern education。

Different from the education of traditional colleges is，Zhangnan Academy attaches great importance to military sports education and labor education，Practical places such as "Buma Shooting Garden" in the west of the school，For the needs of disciples for martial arts training。Yan Yuan often "discuss soldiers and peasants" with disciples "discussion of soldiers and peasants", "identifying ancient and modern"，Practice disciple practiced archery、Riding、Raid Stone、over -distance、Boxing and other military sports courses，Practice agricultural school、Gu Liang、Water conservancy、Labor knowledge such as fire science。This educating mode that focuses on the combination of knowledge education and skill practice，It reflects the cultural and military of Zhangnan Academy、The concept of quality education with equal surgery。

Zhangnan Academy's specialty education breaks through the thinking set of traditional elite talent education，long、One dedication can be used as the door path of Liji Cangsheng，Skills、Practical special talents should be responsible for the social heavy responsibility of the people of the world，Enlightenment with modern vocational education。Liang Qichao said that it "the most combined with the most recent educational new thoughts"，Hu Shi called it "a very thorough pragmatism"，Cai Yuanpei believes that "there are still revelations on many problems that have not yet been solved"。These evaluations all show that the practicality and enlightenment of the practical education of Zhangnan Academy，Reflecting the Ming and Qing Dynasties Bet365 lotto review Tide of Through the Tide of Thoughts of the Chinese College from Wenmo World to the World、Swire from the learning of things from the study of reading。

Qing Ruyan Yuan out of the strong sense of social responsibility for the class of scholars，Abandoning the traditional mode of sitting in Songming Academy，Construction of the practical education system of Zhangnan Academy, which is full of reality，Political ideals that penetrate it through physical practice。In this new academic transformation back to ancient times，Zhangnan Academy carrying the inheritance of Confucianism、Cultivate practical talents、Communication practical thoughts and other functions，Its educational content、Education method、Educational goals present the practical characteristics of Chongshi，It is an important place to become a practical education in the early Qing Dynasty，The historical transformation of the transition from traditional academy to modern academies。From this，You can see the practical scholar group in the early Qing Dynasty inherit the Confucian Tongjun、The effort to reshape the Confraduate form。

　　(The author is an associate researcher at the Eastern Ethics Research Institute of Beijing Youth Political College)