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Western populism is considered a kind of democratic radical，It upholds some justice、Equality、Values ​​of freedom for ideological logic。In Western Democracy，Democracy is a political system that represents the government by election as a citizen of all people or all countries in a country.，Almost equal to the agency system。As far as the relationship between the two，Western populism is a resistance to the democracy of the agency system。From the perspective of populists，This is a confrontation politics between the "pure people" and "corruption elite"。Therefore，Paul Tagt talks: "populism is only under the conditions of the agency political system，Only those who have the ability to maintain themselves and exist in a systematic political movement，But the motivation to promote the development of populism comes from dissatisfaction with the politics of agency。"Margaret Chanchaon Wan believes，populists think they are real democrats，What they expressed is the government、The dissatisfaction and opinions of the people ignored by the mainstream political parties and the media。It can be said，As long as the democracy of the agency is still running，populism will exist like shadows。And to the era of "algorithm politics"，Popularism is also combined with algorithm technology，Forms "algorithm populism"。

　　Western countries encounter "algorithm populism"

Since the beginning of the 21st century，A new round of populism is rising bet365 Play online games globally。But that is different from the previous populism，In recent years, whether "2016 Trump came to power" or "South Korea’ s Moon Jae -in government manipulates public opinion scandal，The populist behind it is the profound trace of algorithm technology。

Countries with the Western -style competitive political party system gradually enter the "algorithm politics" stage，Scholars at home and abroad in recent years have also begun to pay attention to the impact of algorithm technology on populism。Where，2018 Diggit magazine editor -in -chief Iko Mali pioneered the concept of "algorithm populism"。In his opinion，"The emergence of digital media and web2.0，Promote that we need to understand populism as a digital media communication relationship between humans and non -human algorithms "。He summarizes today's populism as: "Digital medium -to -space communication and discourse relationship。"This is because of，In today's digital era，Political discourse no longer completely produces from politicians，Ordinary people、Algorithm robots, etc. are also producing political languages。Combination of digital media and algorithm technology，So that it can not only affect the spread of political discourse，can also lead to changes in the political behavior of ordinary people。

I think，Algorithm populism is not just a way of communication or political style，and more like a strategy or means。The so -called algorithm populism，Refers to some politicians who are good at using algorithms and big data as auxiliary，Write the discourse of populist elements through the technical team，and the accuracy of the algorithm technology、Automatic characteristics Bet365 lotto review and other characteristics "viral" to ordinary people，Then increase their supporters and followers。As a strategy and means，Algorithm populist politicians are using hybrid media as a carrier，Try to resonate with ordinary people through data analysis and algorithm push，So as to get a voting and win the election。In other words，Algorithm populism was born in the era of rapid development of algorithm technology and soil of Western -style competitive political parties，It is a alienation response to the democracy of the Western agency。

　　Algorithm populist manipulation votes politics

In Western Agent Democratic Model，Citizens are grouped in different geographical constituencies，Choose one or more agents from the constituency to represent them in the legislature，Then the representative continues to elected government officials，Then manage the entire country and society。This agency and democratic system has a saving decision -making cost、Easy to facilitate national management，But always accompanied by election fraud、Political elite corruption、Decision errors and other disadvantages。With the accumulation of these problems，The tension between the public and the elite is continuously intensified。More importantly，The instincts of people who control the major decisions in life，Become an inherent impulse to directly participate in political decision -making，This often easily leads to the emergence of populism。

The initial idea of ​​populism comes from Rousseau's theory of people's sovereignty，It is Rousseau's thoughts with the theoretical basis that must be acting directly for populism，It also sets the basis of legitimacy for the public。Different traditional populism with bet365 live casino games "Civilian"，Algorithm populism reflects the characteristics of "the essence of civilian"，Behind the algorithm's populist movement is a politician who is eager to obtain votes。such as，Donald Trump continued to declare on social media before and after 2016,，The purpose is to use "people's worship" to cover up the beautiful lies of power struggle and the ideology of the savior。algorithm populism is an eliteism wearing a civilian shell，It also reflects the public’s pursuit of direct democracy。In the eyes of voters manipulated by the algorithm，Their behavior is not denying democracy，Instead, it expresses a demand for participating democracy。such as，"All -Nations Referendum" that has frequently appeared in recent years，is the manifestation of the public's pursuit of direct democracy。This is also used by algorithm populist politicians，Become a powerful tool for the support of the public。

　　Algorithm populism boosted political marketing

Western countries generally use cyclical elections to realize the separation of people's sovereignty and government governance，Democratic system of the agency system is based on the contractual relationship of commission and agency，Constructing a mechanism of responsibility for political elites to respond to the public。However, under the agency's democratic system, the status quo of the political party politics of contemporary Western countries is also derived，That is the party's Carterized。Under the soil of Western -style competitive party politics，A political party or a political elite must be widely supported by the public if you want to govern。Now，populment mobilization and algorithm mobilization are the two most efficient bet365 best casino games mobilization methods。such as，Since Obama successfully re -elected with big data in 2012，Politicians in Western countries have habitually hired a special team，Use big data and algorithm for political campaign。Algorithm marketing has become a mainstream。This is why Western scholars believe that the political campaign and dissemination of Western countries is entering the "fourth period"。

populism is proved to have a "virus" communication advantage in displaying the elite personal image and mobilizing the people，To make a group leader like Emannel Macron and Matio Lunzi sometimes have to make populist speech。In a presidential country like the United States，populism can even help anti -system political candidates win elections with the support of popular public opinion，Even if it does not get the support of the majority of the members of the parliament。

Algorithm populism is the combination of populocolism mobilization and algorithm mobilization，The purpose is to use the most efficient way to obtain the support of the people，and then become a candidate representative to take office。In other words，Use algorithm civilian to obtain the support of the public，It is the most "rational" choice of politicians or political parties in Western countries。

　　Algorithm populist hollowing out democratic practice value

Traditional power under the Western agency system is more reflected in the public power of the state or the government。Under the influence of the new liberal trend in the West，Western countries represented by the United States，The development of artificial intelligence is being dominated by a small number of large companies and elites。These companies and individuals use algorithms and other technologies bet365 Play online games to continuously control social information and resources，Then form an algorithm power。This algorithm power is very common in today's Western society。Under the influence of the algorithm，Democratic is in substantially emptied by algorithm power，populism, which originally respected the interests and value of civilians, is becoming the decoration of eliteism。

On the one hand，Technical Elite is becoming a new power elite。Today's data -based society is intertwined by a series of algorithms，Both the algorithm and the use of data require special personnel for operation。In other words，A new type of power and the main body of power are due to algorithm technology。For this，Political elites in Western countries have to rely on technical elites to use data and algorithms to obtain support from the public。These technical elites that specialize in collecting and analyzing social conditions and public opinion，being becoming a new power elite，Auxiliary politicians conduct precise marketing。

On the other hand，The network super platform in Western society is no longer the transmission carrier of "neutrality"。Under the control of the network super platform，Digital media is no longer just an intermediary，Its information not only spreads through digital media，It will also reshape and change people's communication methods。In today's Western countries，Capital manipulation algorithm politics has increasingly captured the phenomenon of society and has become more and more intense，It has become a kind of political communication landscape。

　　(This article is the key project of the National Social Science Fund "Accelerating Digital Development and Construction of Digital Political Guarantee Research" (21AZD021) phased results)

(Author Unit: School of Political Science and Public Management of East China University of Political Science and Law)