Participant Observation is a national method founded by British anthropologist Marinovsky，As a scientific research method，It is anthropology、Sociology、Nationalology、Emphasized methods for social survey research on laws and other disciplines。Current，Domestic legal anthropology research, especially in the study of national customs，This research method is continuously promoted，More and more researchers have begun to go deep into the field。

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Use the participation observation method for research，First of all, the problem to solve is bet365 Play online games The selection of the research field。Usually，After the research theme is determined，You need to choose the right research field。For example，Using a national customary method as a research topic，The first question that researchers have to consider，How to choose the most representative region from the areas where the nation lives in the area where the nation lives，Secondly decide which or which villages are decided from this specific area。For this，Researchers need to be comprehensive、Multi -angle comprehensive consideration，Both the basic local situation (history、Geography、culture, etc.)，It is also necessary to consider the conditions (time、Energy、Economy, etc.)，Also consider whether the researchers can establish a certain social relationship in the local area。

other，In the research field of national customary method，There is still the division of open fields and closed fields -closed fields need to be allowed to enter。For example，When studying the organizational customs of the nation，Ancestral Temple、The temple, etc. is a closed field。Researchers must conduct participation observations，Must obtain the consent of the manager。If the manager's license cannot be obtained，Naturally, you can't continue to study，Obviously a field selection of failure。So，bet365 Play online games The selection of the research field is appropriate or not，It is an important part of the use of the use of the method of studying the law to study the law of the nation。Improper selection of the research field，Not only will it bring difficulties to the research work，And it is likely that it is not unable to start the follow -up work，Eventually leading to research failure。

　　Enter the research field

Before entering the field，First，You need to do some corresponding preparations。For example，Researchers should understand the local basic social structure、Historical and cultural traditions and people’s behavioral specifications。In particular, if research involves sensitive problems，Researchers should be before the formal enters，Go to the local area for preliminary survey，To determine whether the study is possible。

Next，Researchers need to contact the "goalkeeper" in the research field。"The goalkeeper" refers to "those who are authoritative to those who are sampled in the group of researchers，They can decide whether these people participate in research "。Specific research on the national customary method，The "goalkeeper" in the research field is often social authorities such as "village old", "villagers" and "Degu" in the villages of the ethnic area。Researchers have obtained the trust and license of these authoritative characters，It is a guarantee that the survey can be successfully carried out，Not only does not hinder in the closed field，And can also be more available in the open field。

Last，Researchers should also pay attention to the way to enter the research field。If the researchers have obtained the license from the authoritative figure，Being able to enter the ethnic group naturally to start observation，Of course it is a very ideal state，But in some cases, it is not easy to achieve。For example，Authoritative characters out of concerns about research，Worried about the "unfavorableness" of the research results to its own，It may occur for researchers to enter the setting obstacle，Even rejection of entry and equal situation。In this case，Researchers can adopt bet365 live casino games a way to gradually enter，Start from a simple investigation visit，With the increase of the trust of the authoritative figures and research objects, gradually launch research。other，Researchers can also enter the field in the field of "hidden self"，But generally not advocated in practice。

　　Establish and maintain a good relationship with the research objects

Researchers after entering the research field，To obtain the real research information，We must establish a good interpersonal relationship with the research object，To get the trust of the other party，Easy to expand of subsequent research。There is a unique custom habit in the ethnic area、The characteristics of interpersonal communication mode and behavior logic，Therefore, researchers must first have accurate positioning，Eliminate the gap between the objects of research，Become a "insiders"。For example，Researchers should respect the customs of the nation，Actively participate in their activities，Learn as much as possible and familiar with their national language (including dialect、slang, etc.)。At the same time，Researchers should even show humility、Sincere attitude to gain people's trust，Make them from excluding researchers into their lives。other，Further strive for support from local authoritative characters，Let them understand that this research has a positive significance for the ethnic group，It is also an effective strategy。

Next，Researchers and research objects establish a good relationship，It is very important to maintain this relationship。In the process of living in the ethnic area，Researchers should interact with various research objects，Observe their words and one line。The cooperation attitude of some research targets has changed from the beginning of the enthusiasm to cold，Some of them have changed from cold to enthusiasm，Even some research objects will please researchers and want to provide him with corresponding remuneration。In this case，Researchers need to treat each research object carefully to maintain a good relationship。For example，You can provide Bet365 app download some distance between each other without returning from each other。This help must be moderate，It is what researcher can do，Otherwise, it will play the opposite role in research。As for how to treat research objects for requesting compensation，E. Adamson Hoebel (E. Adamson Hoebel) will be inspired，That is, "Those who want to please the investigators for the money reward may be useful，But the "fact" he provided must be carefully grasped "。

Observation and record research information

In the study of national customs，When the researchers participate in the daily life and national activities of the local nation as "insiders"，You need to formulate the observation plan，Determine the content of observation、range、Time、Location、Method, etc.。After the implementation of observation，Researchers must first pay attention to comprehensive observation，Make full use of your vision、Hearing、olfactory and other abilities perceive everything that happened in the environment。For example，Researchers should study the norms of wedding in a national marriage habit，You need to observe the wedding of the nation，First understand the overall environment of the wedding scene first。Researchers can stroll around the scene，Observe who are those who come to the wedding and talk to them，and the overall atmosphere of the wedding scene。After having a comprehensive perceptual understanding of the entire environment，Next, you need to gradually focus on the focus of observation to the real concern of the researchers，If you start carefully observing how the specifications in the wedding affect people's behavior，and the rights and obligations of each character respectively。

Researchers when observing，Be sure to attach great importance to the recording of research materials。Participate in the observation method as a qualitative research method，Requires to record what happened as much as possible，The details of retaining a lot of events are reserved for the theoretical construction to provide materials。The traditional recording method mainly relies on the personal memory of bet365 Play online games the researchers and writing tools such as paper and pen and pen and pen.。Modern multimedia imaging equipment appears，Provided great help for researchers to record research materials。Researchers can capture the details that ordinary people are easily ignored through the camera，This can be restructured "Deep Description" in the future research report，Make readers feel immersive。Take national wedding as an example，Traditional rituals such as the wedding、Specialized language、Fixed behavior and even special utensils、clothing，There are a large number of specified details of details。If the researchers cannot completely record these details，Hanging a leak，Just derive the conclusion from incomplete research materials，The conclusions that you get often do not meet the real situation，and very likely to be wrong。

　　Research and analysis of research and analysis

The finishing work of the research data should be carried out in time，Avoid becoming pure data accumulation and researchers have nowhere to start，and the memory and feelings of the post -transit after the time to move are diluted by time，If you sort it up, you will inevitably appear to classify the deviation。Time to organize it in time can also enable researchers to sort out the information as soon as possible，Discover omissions and lacks can be supplemented in time。When the researchers sort out the information about the national customary law, the researchers，The content of the information should be strictly sorted out，and classify according to certain standards，Label on the page number for future analysis。If American scholar White is in the process of writing "Street Corner Society", according to certain standards，The various materials collected by establishing a directory index。

After the research data is finished,，Researchers need to classify the data and make further in -depth analysis。Different from the information according to the previous code，Looking for contact with each other，Then further concentrate and refine，Related part of the research content in the information，Establish a corresponding relationship Bet365 lotto review between them，Lay the foundation for future theoretical construction and the formation of final works。If when studying the property of a minority,，Researchers will have to from the sorted information，The concept of related property、Standards for property、Consciousness of ownership、Property ownership and right to use，Then further analyze，Related these information one by one，Create the corresponding relationship between them，Based on this, summarize the basic concept of the national property customization method、Features、Function and effectiveness。

　With research paradigm innovation value

Participate in the use of observation law in the use of legal anthropology research，It also depends on the survey skills and personal experience that researchers have gradually accumulated in practice。When researchers are proficient in this method，Often can get half -effective，Get a lot of real and credible research materials。other，The field survey of using the research on the observation method is a long -term process。Some scholars think，Investigation in domestic ethnic regions is different from Western scholars to investigate abroad，Time can be greatly shortened，It is not necessarily necessary to live in the village for more than a year。pragmatic，Researchers currently do not need to continue to live in ethnic areas for survey，But this does not mean that studying the national customs method by using field survey methods such as participation in observation method is a short -term process。On the contrary，As described above，This kind of research still needs long -term persistence，Researchers need to observe carefully、Loyal Record、System Studies。Only on the basis of fully understanding and mastering the research data of a national customary method，can you make corresponding research countermeasures and suggestions。

The national customization method has a great role in building a social order in ethnic regions，It is necessary to study how the national practice of the nation's practice is to shape the social order of the ethnic region within the framework of the national law，It is Bet365 lotto review necessary to return to the objective social and cultural background of the national customary law，By using a series of scientific research methods such as participating observation methods to carefully observe the actual operating status of the national customary law，In -depth discussion of the value and significance of the national customary law。I believe that through the continuous efforts of researchers，It will definitely form a scientific research paradigm for contemporary Chinese legal anthropology research，Then break through the current research bottleneck problem，Generate more high -quality works。

　(Author Unit: School of Law School of Northwest Normal University)