In recent years，The main characteristics of European party politics are: the impact of populism on the traditional mainstream value system，In particular, the political influence of right-wing populist bet365 sign up bonus code has expanded significantly；The control ability of mainstream political bet365 sign up bonus code has declined；The fragmentation situation continues，Intensified political turmoil；The alliance and differentiation of left and right political bet365 sign up bonus code show new trends，In particular, the "epidemic prevention line" of traditional mainstream political bet365 sign up bonus code against "extreme right-wing" bet365 sign up bonus code has been broken through one after another。Here，We try to make a basic judgment on the overall situation of European party politics，Focus on several major issues affecting the trend changes in European party politics。

　　The general situation and trend changes of bet365 sign up bonus code party politics

About the situation of party politics in Europe，Our judgment a few years ago was that there was a correction in left-wing politics，The Social Democratic Party has basically stabilized the situation。Therefore，A new left-right relative balance has emerged in Europe。In view of the overall defeat of the left in the past two years, especially in the European national elections in 2023，Some people emphasized that the left-wing pullback has stopped，There is a new conservative trend in European politics。But it needs to be pointed out，The left-wing correction mainly refers to the fact that the Social Democratic Party, as the main force of traditional left-wing politics, has stopped its continuous decline over the past ten years，This leads to a new relative balance between the left wing as a whole and the right wing。This is different from the left-wing resurgence in Europe in the 1990s，It does not fundamentally change the conservative trend of European politics。Today，Even if the European left as a whole basically failed in the 2023 European elections，But only in terms of the performance of social democratic bet365 sign up bonus code in various countries，They are not getting worse，Most of them are still slightly improved。Therefore，We maintain that the social democratic bet365 sign up bonus code in European countries have basically stopped their decline、Basic judgment in the process of political bottoming。The problem is，Other left-wing forces in Europe，Especially the radical left wing that has been active in the past 10 years or so has seen significant adjustments。The opposite is，The influence of right-wing populist bet365 sign up bonus code is further expanding。This in and out is the key to the current political imbalance between left and right。

Need to note，Although there is a conservative trend in Europe and even European and American politics，But the right-wing conservative camp in Europe is also divided。The most prominent manifestation is the differentiation of traditional center-right bet365 sign up bonus code，The rise of right-wing populist bet365 sign up bonus code，In particular, some right-wing populist bet365 sign up bonus code have a tendency to mainstream。They will affect the political foundation and political trends of European conservatism in a more profound sense。

　Several major issues affecting trend changes

First，Pursuing a new political positioning and balance under a fragmented structure，This is a new normal in European politics，It is also the deepest factor affecting the trend changes in European politics。The fragmentation of political bet365 sign up bonus code is mainly reflected in the increase in the role of political bet365 sign up bonus code entering national parliaments，And the resulting big party is not big、The structural state of a small party is not small。Typical like the Netherlands，In the country’s 2023 general election，26 political bet365 sign up bonus code (7 of which are new bet365 sign up bonus code) compete for 150 parliamentary seats，15 bet365 sign up bonus code gained seats。Even in Germany, which is relatively stable in European politics，6 political bet365 sign up bonus code entering the Federal Parliament in the 2021 general election，There are 5 votes with more than 10%，The largest party, the German Social Democratic Party, received only 25 votes.7%。But the fragmentation of European politics is not just a structural state of bet365 sign up bonus code，It also means a change in political ecology。

A fragile balance based on fragmentation is the current reality，It is also the pursuit of self-goals by various political bet365 sign up bonus code、The prerequisite for strategic positioning and policy selection。It brought at least two new changes in European party politics。First, changes in political party behavior。Traditionally，Discussing European and American political bet365 sign up bonus code will distinguish mainstream political bet365 sign up bonus code、Balanced bet365 sign up bonus code and marginal bet365 sign up bonus code，Different political bet365 sign up bonus code mean different strategic positioning and different behavioral choices。For mainstream political bet365 sign up bonus code with political control，It is based on the intermediate forces that constitute the main body of society，Therefore, we must also stand in the middle political position。But under the above-mentioned increasingly serious fragmentation structure，Mainstream political bet365 sign up bonus code may not choose the middle ground。This is also a deep-seated reason for the populization of some mainstream political bet365 sign up bonus code。Second, the phenomenon of new bet365 sign up bonus code has affected the politics of various countries to a greater extent。In addition to the significance of new roles entering the national parliament level，The phenomenon of new bet365 sign up bonus code is also reflected in the frequent replacement of new party combinations。Under fragmented structure，Party elections are subject to accidental factors，Especially due to the increasing influence of personal factors of party leaders。New bet365 sign up bonus code formed by frequent combinations of some influential political figures often become new uncertain factors that affect the results and direction of elections。In fact，In the 2023 Dutch general election，Two new bet365 sign up bonus code，That is, the rise of the Peasants’ Citizen Movement Party (BBB) ​​and the New Social Contract Party (NSC) and their changes in influence directly affected the final election results。Anyway，In the context of fragmentation，Conduct of political bet365 sign up bonus code、There have been uncertain changes in positioning and policy methods，European political uncertainty increases as a result。

Secondly，The “epidemic prevention line” against far-right political bet365 sign up bonus code has been breached。In a period，Facing the political rise of some far-right bet365 sign up bonus code，Mainstream European political bet365 sign up bonus code boycotted it，Including cooperative boycotts in electoral politics，And not cooperate with them in government organizations，To prevent it from entering the government。It is also known as the “cordon sanitaire” (cordon sanitaire) against the far right。But with the rise of right-wing populist bet365 sign up bonus code、Fragmentation of political bet365 sign up bonus code，and the depolarizing tendencies they exhibit，This "epidemic prevention line" is used in some countries (including Italy、Sweden、Finland) were breached one after another，Traditional center-right bet365 sign up bonus code have chosen to cooperate with right-wing populist bet365 sign up bonus code。Spain and the Netherlands are still in the process of government organization negotiations，The center-right mainstream bet365 sign up bonus code and the right-wing populist bet365 sign up bonus code have actually accepted cooperation with each other。Even in Germany and France，Although the traditional right-wing mainstream bet365 sign up bonus code still choose not to cooperate with right-wing populist bet365 sign up bonus code at the national level，But there has been loosening at the local level。The direct result of the loosening of the "epidemic prevention line" in the right-wing camp is the strengthening of the right-wing forces in Europe，The elections in some European countries in 2022-2023 highlight this point。It brings about the problem of the convergence of right-wing populism and center-right politics in Europe，While strengthening the conservative tendency of European politics，It also means that European politics may return to a polarized left-right political model。This is an issue we need to pay attention to when grasping the trend changes in European politics。

AGAIN，Generational differentiation around a series of major social issues has affected changes in European party politics to a greater extent。The generational differentiation in major social affairs has increasingly affected the generational differentiation in European party politics。In the past, when talking about political polarization, we mainly talked about the confrontation between mainstream bet365 sign up bonus code and polarized right-wing bet365 sign up bonus code，Ignores the impact of generational differentiation in party politics。The intergenerational differentiation of party politics mainly refers to the increasing conservatism of traditional social main body members，The power of the new generation is becoming increasingly radical、Liberalization，The differentiation between the two has become a deep-seated motivation for the new political polarization around identity politics。For example，In European countries，The support team of traditional mainstream political bet365 sign up bonus code is aging，The Green Party has greater support among the younger generation。The new generation of European politicians who rely on green politics often show differences with politicians from traditional mainstream bet365 sign up bonus code。Because the younger generation did not experience World War II，Didn’t experience the Cold War，No baggage of history，Their views on many major issues lack the so-called "rationality" of the traditional generation。

Finally，It is worth emphasizing，Europe’s strategic transformation has also affected European party politics to a greater extent。Disagreement over the EU is a major issue affecting European party politics。In recent years，Cognitive differences surrounding the strategic transformation of Europe have also affected changes in party politics in various countries。In this sense，The Ukrainian crisis and the Palestinian-Israeli conflict will also (will) have a profound impact on European party politics。On these issues，The traditional mainstream political bet365 sign up bonus code have basically reached a consensus。While right-wing populist bet365 sign up bonus code adhering to pragmatic principles are adapting to the new changes they have brought about，Also more effectively exploit the lasting impact of geopolitical crises on Europe，Continuously expand one’s political influence。From this point of view，The Ukraine crisis and the new Palestinian-Israeli conflict have exacerbated the existing polarization of European political bet365 sign up bonus code。

(The author is a professor at the School of Politics and Public Administration, China University of bet365 sign up bonus code Science and Law)