Xishan Yue Junming
May 22, 2020 02:11 Source: "China Social Sciences", May 22, 2020, No. 1931 Author: Zhang Chi
Naruto is a kind of arrow often mentioned in ancient Chinese literature，Its title comes from "Historical Records of the Huns"。Under Sima Qian's writing，The "Mingson Father" is on the position of Shan Yu，Open the era of the Huns dominating the grassland。Historians 翦 翦，Mingson silent fifty years "，Praise the great achievements of "Zhao Jun"。"Border City Bid City Bid City from Zuo Si" Yong Shi "，Feather Flying Kyoto "，To Li Ang's "Xuanmo Yunping's first combination，Xishan Yue Jue Mingming "，All outlined border feelings。
1925，The Soviet Expedition team carried out archeological excavations on the Nuoyanwu Cemetery on the banks of the Seng Ge River。In a tomb of a Xiongnu noble，The members of the expedition found a few strange bones，hollow，There are 4-6 holes on the surface。Soviet archaeologist Lu Jinke thought after studying，This kind of arrow is exactly the "Mingson" recorded in "Historical Records"。
After the founding of New China，Chinese archeologists in Inner Mongolia、Liaoning、Beijing、Jilin、Heilongjiang、Shaanxi、Xinjiang、Shandong、Shanxi and other places，Found a variety of types of ringing arrows。Where，Beijing Army Du Shanyuhuang Temple Cemetery unearthed in the middle and middle -term bone sounds，Shandong Xintai Zhoujiazhuang East bet365 best casino games Zhou Cemetery M1 unearthed in the late Spring and Autumn Period Bronze Ming，Two is the earliest known -known Mingye real object。
Naruto can be divided into two categories according to the shape of the device: the first category is integrated Ming，镞、Toning two is one，Material with bone、Bronze is the main，Seeing the tomb of the Warring States Period of Qi Village, Xinzhou, Shanxi、Site of the arsenal of Chang'an City, Han, Xi'an, Shaanxi、Xinjiang Turpan Tonghe Hometown Site、Liaoning Guanshan Liao Tomb、Jilin Fuyu Ming Tomb, etc.; The second category is the split -style Ming，Metal 镞 and Bone Corner Ton，See in the Talith Cemetery of the Haba Henuhe and Fukang Baiyang River Cemetery in Xinjiang、Inner Mongolia Chenbalhu Banner Complete Cemetery and Seven Card Cemetery、Liaoning Beiyan Feng Sufu Tomb and Geng Yanyi Geng Yanyi, etc.。
After the Wei and Jin dynasties，The shape of the Mingye System is gradually fixed，Divopy -ups began to be popular，The whistle is the osteopopotic，Board of cylindrical or waist drum，2-6 holes in the whole body，Use it with iron 镞。To Liao Dynasty，There is a wooden ringing again，If the Tomb of Princess Chen State, Tongliao City, Inner Mongolia，There is a wooden ringing unearthed，Its shape is exactly the same as the bone angle.，It's just a slightly larger shape。The latest real objects seen in the archeology have reached the time of the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Rujilin bet365 best casino games Fuyu Ming Tomb、Inner Mongolia Molydowa Banner Tengk Township Qing Tomb, etc.，Its shape is inherited from the former。
During the pre -Qin period，"嚆 嚆" is often used to refer to arrows。"Zhuangzi · Zai Xun": "I know that Zeng Shizhi is not 桀 嚆 嚆。"Xiangxiu thinks，"嚆，Type of the Treant "。Cheng Xuanying also agrees with Xiangxiu's opinion，Think "嚆，Arrow 镞 There is a sound of roar "。
To the Han Dynasty，"Naruto" the title officially appeared。"Historical Collection Solution" and "Hanshu Yinyi" contains: "镝，Arrow also，Now Naruto is also。"Wei Zhao's explanation is:" Ya Yi Fei is Ming。"" The arrows will make a sound in flight。According to acoustic principles，Wei Zhao's explanation seems reasonable，But there is a process of change in the sound。Ordinary Arrows after leaving the string，The sound emitted will gradually become smaller，After reaching a certain distance，The sound is very weak，The role of the transmission signal is not available。Therefore，Ying 劭 proposed in "Suo Yin": "Naruto，髐 Arrow also。"髐，This refers to the broken shape of the bone bones。髐 Arrow，That is, the bone angle arrows with holes。This is completely in line with the currently discovered ring -shaped system。This type of arrow will continue to make a sound during flight，Clear sound，Easy to distinguish the signal。
Wei Jin to drop，There are more records about Mingye，For example, "Liang Shu · Yuan Emperor Ji"Bet365 app download , "North History · Turkic Biography", "Sui Shu · Changsun Chuan Bi Chuan Chuan Biography", etc.，There are records of Naruto。to the Tang and Song dynasties，Naruto is also known as "Naruto", "髇 髇", "骹", etc.。
About the purpose of Mingyu，There is still controversy in the academic community。On the basis of previous research，Combined historical materials、Archaeological Discovery and National Materials，summarize it as the following five categories。
One，Guidelines，Send signing order。Except "Historical Records of the Huns"，"Taiping Royal Lan" quotes "Ji Zhong Ji" records: "(Stone) Tiger Nai to shoot，Arrow，Five thousand rides run for a while，Walk from the south of Zhangshui to the stage。"" For the ancient nomadic people，War and hunting are not strictly bounded。The battlefield is the hunting field，The hunting field is also a battlefield。Therefore，The most prominent role of Naruto is to pass the signal。Cao Wei period，The popularity of the popularity in the Central Plains area is not related to this。Such as Cao Zhi's "Famous Capital" "Gan Gong Jieming，Long drive to Nanshan "，The description is the scene of the hunarian hunt，The same scene is also retained in the murals of Jilin Ji'an Dance Tomb and Liaoning Liao Tomb in Liaoning。
Its two，There is a certain lethality。"North History · Gaozu Shenwu Emperor Ji"，Gao Huan hunting，"See a red rabbit，Each fight，Sui to Huize。There is a hut in Zezhong，Running in，There is a dog out of the house，Putting it，Bet365 app download Eagle Rabbit is dead。Shenwu Nu，Shooting by Yingchi，Dog Fight "。"North History · Xianzu Wen Xuan Emperor Ji"，Gao Yang "Yiming Shoot (Yuan Ang) more than 100，Acestation of coagulation，As for death "。This shows that Ming 镝 has a certain killing effect。
Its three，Symbol of Gifts。"Shooting" is one of the six arts in the pre -Qin Qin，Due to grade differences, different levels of ritual activities。According to "Zhou Li" and "Yili" containing:，Tianzi、Princes、Bow used by doctors、Arrow、Ritual program has regulations，To show the orderly and orderly、Honor Hynutsy with Gift。Naruto symbolizes order，Do not easily 僭。Earth burial pit unearthed in the burial pit of Zuoqi Liaoling No. 1 in Cuban, Cuban, Inner Mongolia，Prove that Naruto represents the highest level，It is a manifestation of a ritual system。
Four，A scary and solution，Used for psychological deterrence。"Southern History · Founding Wang Xi Biography" contains: "，Weiji Yu Si，It is not overwhelming，Also Fortunately。"The Biography of Liang Shu · Chen Bo" contains: "How to be the prisoner of death，Wen Mingzhang and stock war，Bet the knee on the dome，Why is it bad? "The above historical description，Naruto once left a deep terrible impression for the ancients。Psychological research indicates，Human fear stems from stimulating response to specific sounds。The solution effect of Mingye，It is the fear of sharp sound。Therefore，bet365 live casino games Liu Guan's "Sixteen Nights Wanting Moon Candle Rainstorming" is "long -term gold controlling" to deal with the custom of lunar eclipse。
Its five，Alliance oath。In ancient，Alliance vowed to take the trust in the ghost，Zhaojie the World，and Mingye has the role of communicating the world。According to the "Mongolian Secret History" record，Zumuhe gives up the twin -year -old horn to give it to Tiemuzhen，and the sound arrow made of Tiemu Zhenjiabaiwood，The two parties knotted "Answers"。Meng Ge and Fawang Louis 9，Also used silver Mingming as a gift。"Meng Ge Khan presented the two arrows of Louis 9 of Louis 9，Arrow 镞 is silver，The whole body is covered with holes。When it shoots out，It will make a pleasant sound。”
Naruto as a special ring arrow，From the pre -Qin to the present，It has been circulating and using in our country。History，Hui people once used a song called "Socham"，Its production method is exactly the same as the "Ling Arrow" in Song Yingxing's "Tiantong Kai" in the Ming Dynasty。A practice arrow is popular in Charoberxi Autonomous County, Xinjiang，Arrow 镞 made of horn or beast bone，There are 4 holes on it，A "嗖" sound of "嗖" after leaving the string，Insert with "Mingson Do more teachings" in the Qing Dynasty literature。Use a ring arrow called "Gongbu" in Nyingchi, Tibet，Arrow，There are 4 holes in the whole body，The same work with the "Ming" different songs with the archeology。According to national regulations，Bet365 app download "Gongbu" arrow was used for war、Hunting and shooting，It is still an important local sports and entertainment activity。
(Author Unit: School of History and Culture, South China Normal University)
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