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The Grand Canal is a long river that is artificially excavated in my country，Treating north and south。For thousands of years，The area flowing through the Grand Canal forms a unique canal cultural belt，A lot of accumulated、Different types of cultural heritage，Typical features with cultural lines。An important part of the material cultural heritage，Traditional building relics along the Grand Canal is deeply branded by the canal，In addition, the natural environment and social environment of the Grand Canal Economic Institute are different，There are obvious characteristics in each river section。These canal buildings clearly record the historical civilization characteristics and regional cultural diversity of the Millennium and Tang Dynasty，With rich historical and cultural connotation。

Early Yuan，The Grand Canal has flowed through Shandong after being cut straight，Historically, this part of the river section is called the Shandong Canal。The penetration of the canal in the Shandong Duan，greatly promoted the society of the region、Economy、Culture Development，Born a variety of traditional official buildings directly or indirectly related to the canal: there are buildings for the operation of transportation and transportation institutions; there are club buildings showing the commercial culture of the canal;、College architecture that cultivates talent functions，, etc.。These official buildings have obvious geographical regional and cultural characteristics，Their formation is an inevitable demand in the development of the canal，At the same time, it has also become an important material carrier that reveals the cultural connotation of the canal。

　The Architecture of the Department

The three generations of the Yuan and Qing Dynasties all put a large number of Canals, including the Bet365 app download highest administrative institutions of the transportation and transportation，The middle section of the Grand Canal-，This is very beneficial to the management and repair of the Grand Canal。In the Qing Dynasty, the Governor of the Governor of the Governor's River was set up in the subordinate agencies set in Jining.、Canal Tongzhi Hall、Guanhe Tong Board and Quanhe Tong Judgment Department, etc.; The military institution of the Military Agency of the River Military Army in Jining、Canal Bidding Office、Canal Camp Defense Agency、Health Department, etc.，There is also the court dependent of the court、Patrol Embarrants、According to Chashi Fang、Division of the Division、Water Treatment Taiwan and other institutions。

The Ceremony of the Canal Administration respects the polite system of the feudal society，Pay special attention to the main relationship in the spatial pattern，Emphasize the strict symmetry of the axis，Make it form a complete overall。From the perspective of the specific building shape，The Department of the Department generally sits north to south，Main buildings in a north -south axis，、Gate、Yimen and main building lobby、Second Hall、Three Halls，Other affiliated buildings are located on the sub -axis of the left and right of the central axis，Basically maintain the symmetry pattern。

Different from the General Administration，The alternate plaque of the Canal Administration more reflects the characteristics of the canal，Reflected the cultural connotation of the Architecture of the Canal Department。The Title of the East and West Palace of the Governor's Health Court "Tuzhuzhu Central Plains" and "Turn to the Country"，Available emphasized the role of the lifeblood of the Grand Canal country，At the same time, the emphasis on its functions and the emotional festival and sentiment for the patriotism as an official。The "Buze Anliu" plaque on the lobby of the Bingjian Road Department is the Emperor Kangxi Emperor Royal Book，It is to recognize Zhang Boxing, a famous minister Bet365 app download in the river，As a reward for his governance of the river。

Another，plaque of similar content also includes the "Fulun Kingdom" of the same hall of the canal of the canal; "Transfer to Cao Meeting", "Jie Xuan Guai", "Feiqi Jing Reserve", "Guofu Tongjin", "Metropolitan Water Stand", "Fun Pillar Zhongliu", etc.。At level、scale、The construction practice has become a customized office building，These plaques and litter conveys multiple information，highlight the intention and atmosphere of the canal of the canal of the canal。

　　Guild Hall Building

Northern and South Passing of the Grand Canal，greatly promoted the economic prosperity and commercial development of the Shandong Canal area，Make this area a Sifang Passenger Travel、Where the merchants help compete for profit，Merchants or huge sums of money run north and south，or the boat carried the cargo to go all over the place。The Canal Merchant Hall is to provide them with trade、Leisure、Entertainment、Contact places for activities such as hometown conditions。Canal Guild Hall architecture was born during the Ming Yongle period，Developed in the Jiawan period，prevalent at the time of Qingkang Qian，It is the Society of Canal in the Canal of the Ming and Qing Dynasties、Economy、Products of cultural changes，The site selection、Architectural shape and decorative art are very sophisticated，Very distinctive。

Shanhan Guild Hall on the west bank of the ancient canal in Liaocheng, Shandong，Shanxi in the middle of the Qing Dynasty、Shaanxi businessmen stop、Discussion、Storage of goods、Said God、Entertainment、A place for good，It is also the only business hall that is well preserved in the Canal area of ​​Shandong。43 meters wide north and south，East -west enters 77 meters，There is a three -entered courtyard，Mainly from the mountain gate、Drama Tower、North and South Tower、Bell Drum Tower、Looking at the building in the north and the south、North and South Stele Pavilion、Hall、North and South Palace、Spring and bet365 best casino games Autumn Pavilion and other buildings。From the mountain gate to the three courtyards of the Chunqiu Pavilion gradually increased，Stupid，Connect to each other for each single building，Exquisite shape。

The hall is worshiped by Guan Yu，This is in line with the idea of ​​"faith" and "righteousness" emphasized by the Canal Business Culture，Obtain interest with faith，first righteousness and then profit。This idea must be transformed into a worship idol in reality，can play a positive role，Guan Gong's virtue of "integrity and conservation" caters to this situation。So，Many commercial venues in the Canal area of ​​Shandong also dedicate Emperor Guantang，Joined the businessmen "Heavy Essence、Light money "business philosophy。

For Confucian ethics and moral thoughts，The businessmen are also trying to promote。Ancient Renyun: "Merchants heavy litter to leave"，This is caused by occupational needs。But the merchant also has the emotion of ordinary people，They do business in foreign countries，Missing love for loved ones and not being able to support relatives，Frequent entanglement in the heart。Er wood carvings of the Liaocheng Shanxi Guild Hall，Some stories in the famous "Twenty -Four Filial Piety" in ancient China were selected as the content of the carving，It is the image of the concept of Filial Filial piety。

but，At that time, the business of businessmen's crickets was a deep -rooted，Sculpture of architecture in the hall、forehead、In the decoration of couplets，You can clearly feel this。For example，Liaocheng Shanxi Shaanxi Club some couplets of the couplets on the commodity economy's praise and description，and open negation of the concept of traditional values，It is the specific reflection of the secular business atmosphere。

　　College Architecture

The north and south of the Grand Canal brought vitality to the long -awaited Luxi Plain，Especially the Ming and Qing Dynasties，The economic culture of this area is quickly recovered，The academy on both sides of the canal is all over，Wind style。The mental space of materialization bet365 best casino games as a literati class，Academy architecture in the Canal area reflects the traditional architectural concept and aesthetic interest of Chinese literati，With deep cultural connotation。

The original name of the Shengsi Academy of Shengsheng，Yiyi Shiyi is named Shengsi Academy，4 kilometers northeast of Qufu City。According to legend, after the Confucius Zhou travels to the country to return to Lu，Gathering here to give lectures，Edit and edit ancient classics。Cao Wei Shi，"The disciples Fangshe still exists"，Become an independent courtyard when it is gold，The beginning of the yuan has been sparked，Become a ruin。After the Shandong Canal is opened，Confucius 55th generation Sun、Qufu County Yin Kongkqin's capital contributing to the former site to implement reconstruction，Because of its "Surabaya passing north，洙 Bring its south "，Therefore, it is renamed the Shengsi Academy。The school after the reconstruction of the Yuan Dynasty has the door、Hall、Hall、庑 庑，Set a mountain long。In the early Ming Dynasty，Due to severe damage to the war academy，After three years of Jiajing (1524), rebuilt the door and repair the academy。Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty、Kangxi、Yongzheng、Qianlong reigning during the Qianlong period，"Five Sacrifice of the Temple System Dacheng Hall，Four with twelve philosophy，Three rooms of east and west，Previous Lecture Hall，Three rooms for the Academy Gate again，Surrounding the Yuan，There is a stele to say that the Shengsi Academy "。

Academy Architecture is north and south，136 meters long north and south，99 meters wide，There are Shinto，There is a archway in front of the gate。The building complex is divided into three parts in east and west，There is a locker hall in the Eastern District，Gift Library in front of the West District，After there is a god、God's kitchen and other have been scrapped，Only two crickets are stored;，Behind the door is three lecture halls，Single eaves ash tile hanging mountain top，Five bet365 best casino games -檩，The stone foundation in the front and back of the Ming Dynasty is the relic of the Yuan Dynasty，Five rooms for Dacheng Hall after the lecture hall，Qiyu front and rear gallery wooden frame structure。Another，There are still a large number of inscriptions in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties。

Ancient academy buildings are often built in the beautiful place of mountains and rivers。Ming and Qing Dynasties，The Shandong Canal Liujing area does not have famous mountains and rivers，But the site selection of the academy building also reflects the unity of Confucian heaven and man、The concept of environmental environment of Biden。"Wise Music Water，Benevolence Leshan; Wise Move，Benevolence;，Benevolence "，Confucianism naturally commends the quality of gentlemen "Zhi" and "benevolent" with landscapes。Landscape is ruthless，But in Confucianism，Landscape reflecting people's Zhihe Ren，Full of meaning and philosophy。

Shengsi Academy is located in 洙、Between Surabaya，Therefore, take its name，Use this to express the pursuit of the natural environment。After the Ming Dynasty，Sihe becomes an important supply water source for the canal，It also caused the academy and canal to generate internal contact。The luminous cypress in the academy，Green Tree Biwa，Clean and quiet，Can make people cultivate，"Take the beauty of the heavens and the earth to raise the body"，To achieve a realm of coordination and environmental coordination。Whether it is teaching activities or sacrifice activities，The beautiful natural environment is with strong appeal，The psychological education role played a subtle psychological education，Promote its self -cultivation、Feeling life，Realizing the self -transcendence of personality。

To sum up，The formation and development of traditional official buildings along the Shandong Canal and the relationship between the Shandong Canal is inseparable: the opening and governance of the Shandong Canal directly spawned the building of the canal of different bet365 best casino games levels，Their layout and shape reflect the characteristics of the feudal etiquette;，Become a carrier and witness of the commercial culture of the canal during the Ming and Qing Dynasties; the school building in large numbers appeared in the Canal of Shandong，Make this area the idea of ​​communication、An important place to cultivate talents。You can see，The formation and development of these types of buildings has its own inherent and specific society、Demand for economic and use functions，At the same time, the gene of the canal culture is also inherited，It reflects the long -term interaction of traditional official buildings and Canal culture。

　　(This article is the "Linear Traditional Architectural Cultural Heritage (Beijing -Hangzhou Grand Canal Shandong section) overall research" (14cwyj32) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: College of Architectural City, Shandong University)