November 29, 2018，Archaeological workers of the Archaeological Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences and the Ministry of Cultural Relics，A simple but far -reaching construction ceremony was held at the Mengtu Temple site in Karnak，The first joint archaeological project in the history of China was officially launched。early 2020，The China -Egyptian Joint Archaeological Team completed the field work in the second quarter，and achieved certain results。

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The Site of the Mengtu Temple is located in the north of Luxo, the ancient city of Egypt，Together with the Amon Lord Temple and Mutt Temple, the building complex of the Calnack Temple。In order to show the worship of the god of the sun，From about 2000 BC，French Presbyteria built uninterruptedly here、Decoration and repair large stone structure temple，Make it the largest religious building complex in the history of ancient Egypt。1979，The Temple area of ​​the Karnak Temple is listed as a world cultural heritage by UNESCO，It is still one of the most popular scenic spots in Egypt。

Mengtu Divine Temple District is also called "northern Karnak region"，Its east side is based on an artificial ditch throughout the east of Calnack，The south side and the Amon main temple area are only one wall，Modern Village (Maller Village)，It is separated from a protective wall from the village。The entire area is open and flat，an area of ​​106,000 square meters，Among them, the temple area in the wall is about 24,000 square meters。There are 22 architectural relics that have been proven now，Almost all of them are religious etiquette buildings made of sandstone，Affiliated buildings built by some mud bricks、Site and Workshop。Due to long -term lack of maintenance management，The preservation of most relics is poor。

Current，In a building visible on the surface，The earliest is the gate built by a Titmos I (1506 BC 1493 BC)，Located outside the wall of the Temple West Wall，After being converted into a small temple by the locals; and one of the latest buildings，is the most iconic North Gate in the temple area，Completed during Plongli IV (AD 221 — 204 BC)。This sandstone gate is 18 meters high，bet365 Play online games The paint is decorated with the god's painting relief and various inscriptions。Pharaoh takes this commemorative building as a carrier，concentratedly demonstrated the legitimacy of its rule and the concept of the theology at the time at that time。

The northernmost part of the site area is a dock site，A Shinto Shinto extend from the pier to the south，Connected to Beida Gate。Wave -shaped fence built on both sides of Beida Gate，A rectangular temple area of ​​about 150 meters long (300 wrist) formed。Three main temple buildings are stored in the wall: Mencius Temple, which was built in the 18th dynasty in the 18th dynasty of the New Kingdom,、Founding the Temple of Matt Temple, which is not later than the Temple of Mengtu,、The foundation was founded in the Hipla Temple of the 25th Dynasty。other，There are still two obstacles at the main entrance of the Temple of Mengtu (currently only the base part is left)，On the west side, there is a holy lake and a temple building built on the mud brick platform。The building is special due to the construction structure，Its functional attributes have no accurate positioning，We temporarily call it "high platform building"。

south of the temple area，There is a row along the inside of the south wall.，A total of 6 seats，Its entrance is facing south，Age was the third intermediate period of the 1,000 -chronicle BC。There are 6 sandstone doors on the south wall corresponding to them.，But in the age，It should be later than the establishment of the small temple。On the outside of the temple wall，It is also distributed with several architectural relics。Except for Titmos I.，On the outside of the west wall, there is also the remains of Osiris Temple，In the southeast corner of the wall，There is a god library for Titmos I for storing sacrifice supplies，Material of limestone，At present, there is only a foundation part on the surface。

Another，There is a small Toti Temple site in the southwest corner of the site area，There is a palace architecture that may be the 26th pilgrim Nigeris.。In contrast to the records of the 19th and early 20th century，These relics close to the village are gradually disappearing with the passage of time。

　　The relics first appear with the relics

The first quarter of the first quarter of the China -Egyptian Joint Archaeological Team is two months，The main task is to investigate and record the current situation bet365 Play online games of the site，Clean the site environment as a state of archeological excavation work。Based on this，Archaeological Team officially launched archeological excavations in the Mengtu Temple District in the second quarter、Research and repair protection work。The formulation and implementation of the work plan，It was completed by the Chinese team members under the leadership of the Chinese leader。Archaeological excavation area is about 2000 square meters，It is mainly concentrated in two areas: the small temple area of ​​the Osiris Temple in the south wall (hereinafter referred to as "Regional 1")、The area connected to the Temple of the Matt Temple in the southwest corner of the Mengtu Temple (hereinafter referred to as "Region II")。

In the area one，French archeologists have previously discovered and cleaned up the main part of the second small temple，Including a main hall、Two interior rooms and a side room，Other structures are not clear。This archeological work successfully revealed the area of ​​the pillar hall of the second small temple。Where，The ground paved with sandstone slate is well preserved，There is no undulating and large area damage。Four flashes long rock columns are separated on the ground on both sides of the entrance，Diameter is 1.4 meters。According to this，We can restore the layout of the second small temple。The inscription of the holy book is engraved around the pillar base，Most of them have been broken off。According to the remaining inscription，It can be confirmed that the temple is built by the 25th Grand Monir Dish Dish Dis。

The incense in the east side of the temple area is the remains of the third small temple，We revealed its overall outline for the first time。This is the structure of a typical Osiris small temple in the 1st period of AD: The front hall is connected to the main hall through a main entrance，There are two entrances on the inside of the main hall，Connect two inner rooms in the east to west，Inner room usually worships the idol of the gods，But the two inner rooms are not connected to each other。Where，East room retains some embossed residual blocks，and there are marks of obvious burning。According to the relief residual block，We can identify a royal female member (virgin) to the three main gods of Kalnak、Scenes of Matt and Confucius sacrifice。

At the entrance of the third small temple, there bet365 best casino games is a slate slope of about 2 meters wide，Stretching down to the south door on the south side。The slope is late，Different slate size，Among them, the light inscriptions and reliefs can be recognized on the slate，It should be a stone that is repeated from an early building。This type of ramp can refer to the slope in front of the small temple door on the west side of the Puta Martyrdom。The third small temple is also equipped with four pillar bases，Both sides of the end of the ramp。Different from the second small temple，This column base diameter is larger，Special construction method，It is surrounded by the outer slate into a cylindrical shape，Composite column base built in the sand filling and soil。

1860 years，French archeologist A. Mariette has cleaned the third small temple area，But his sketch only outlines the line segment of a few walls，Simple annotation: "There is a Pharaoh who worships the god of Hatolo，Wang Mingqian unknown。"Reference early records，The excavation of the archaeological workers of China Egyptian improved the understanding of the plane layout of the third small temple，But the problems and functional positioning of their age need further archeological evidence。

In the region II，Archaeologists reveal many architectural relics made of mud bricks。Where，The most important discovery is a ground paved with mud bricks。This ground is located on the southwest side of the Temple of Mengtu，The eastern end of the ground is connected to the west wall of the Maat Temple，The ground extends west to the excavation area。The ground is paved with the same size of the mud bricks of the same size，Playing method regularly。Take a closer look，There is a mark left by an oval seal on each mud brick，Inside the Mengtu Temple Founding French Pharaoh Amond Hotap III -the Ascension III -Neb Maat Ra。

Due to the limited excavation area，Archaeologists can still understand this ground with a complete understanding。But this discovery provides an accurate era，Prove that the relics in the area are at least later than the reign of the 18th dynasty Amonhotp III，That is, the first half of the 14th century BC。This played a key role in the early building distribution of Mengtu Temple District。

other，A ditch located outside the west wall of the Matte Temple，show some clues of the remains before the construction of the Mencius Temple bet365 live casino games in the area。At the bottom of the ditch about 4 meters deep，Earthly unearthed stone -made mesh pendants and a wind tube，and animal bones。These production tools seem to imply that about the period of the ancient kingdom，Here was a living settlement or camp。This provides an important help for the development process of understanding the site for archaeologists。

In the second small temple of the region 1，Once unearthed a famous Snowflake gypsum statue，Now hidden in the Cairo Museum。Near the location of its land，Archaeologists have discovered another black granite combination statue that is similar to age。Unfortunately，The statue is damaged as dozens of pieces of residues，It seems to be intended to be buried under the floor in front of the entrance of the temple。The statue is currently being carried out for recovery work。Preliminary speculation，This is a height of about 1.2 meters、Three people with a width of about 0.9 meters (God) stand side by side and stand side by side。Through the remaining king name，The identity of one of them is the same as the status of one of the Snowflake gypsum.，For Amoniel Dis。

Another，A large number of Bronze Aisiris small statues are unearthed on the east side of the second small temple，Their size is different，But the shape is similar。Osiris God is upright posture with both feet，Wear Adefang Crown，Each of the hands of the hands of the hands of the right states on the front chest。Another leg residual block of the statue of a pottery，There are handwritten holy books inscriptions on it，Among them, the "Lord of the West，Osiris "。This area is the third intermediate period，The actual ruler of the base of the bottom of the goddess of the sacrifice area built by the god of Osiris，This judgment is basically consistent with the currently unearthed relics。

　　Fix protection and data tracking

Except for the field excavation，The protection and research of the inscription is also an important job。Current，In the temple area，There are a large number of early excavated building stone structures with inscriptions on the surface。These stones with inscriptions，Most of them are compiled and placed in the existing location by the French archeological team，But because of the age，Specific information can no longer be verified。Some stones are gradually corroded due to long -term contact with the soil，Cracking、Weathered。

Bet365 app download Tradition of archeology in Egypt，Chinese archaeological workers built the cement platform at the corresponding location，Place the stone on the platform，Prevents continued corrosion，At the same time, it also plays the role of display。Subsequent，For stone structure residual blocks with inscriptions，Use a unified stone inscription record form for number、Register and take pictures，Save image materials and information for the future project database。Current，There are about 500 pieces of inscriptions registered in the book。While statistical records，Archaeologists combined with published archeological reports and related research articles，Identify the residual block that lost information，and translate and research the important inscriptions of the Holy Book of them。

The buildings in the temple area of ​​Mengtu Temple are mainly sandstone and mud bricks，It is more likely to be affected by natural factors。Coupled with the neighboring villages，Long -term damage by villagers，The preservation of most buildings is poor，Invasion of the protection of cultural relics urgently。Current，The project team has cooperated with the Calnack Repair Center，While excavation work，Fix the main part of the second small temple，and the pillar base damaged to the second small temple、The third small temple's severe powdery wall and slope ground，Time to take reinforcement protection measures。We plan to complete the second small temple, including the front hall in the next quarter、The overall repair work including the floor and the door。

While carrying out field archeological work，The project team attaches great importance to the collection of early archaeological data。The 19450s，French Oriental Archaeological Research Institute for the first time to carry out systematic archeological excavation work in the Mencius Temple area of ​​Karnak。At that time, it was the war period，Social turmoil，Archaeological excavation and research work has to be completed in a hurry，A large number of relics' legacy information failed to be recorded and saved in time，Many tasks have not mentioned in the published archeological reports or have been taken with a stroke。Therefore，Archeologist, the first French archeologist who is responsible for discovering the site、Manuscripts and bet365 best casino games photos and other information，Become an important historical material for understanding early excavation work。

Some of these materials are currently retained in the French Oriental Archaeological Research Institute，Another part of the author is hidden into the Egyptian Study Library of the Egyptian Study Library of the University of Milan after the author's death。For this，The members of the project team made a special trip to the French Oriental Archaeological Research Institute archives to check the utensil cards and letters of the year，contact the relevant person in charge of the University of Milan，I got a license to check the manuscript of Valeya。This batch of information is blank to make up for the early work of the site，Crack some "unknown mystery"，It plays a vital role。

　(Author Unit: Institute of Archeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)