General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizes when discussing the origin of Chinese civilization and forming a problem，It should be "broaden the scope of time and space and the field of coverage，Further answer the origin of Chinese civilization、Formed、Basic pictures of development、Internal mechanisms and major issues such as the evolution path of civilization in various regions "。Examination of the development and evolution of Chinese civilization，Should not be limited to Central Plains，You should also pay attention to the civilization process in the surrounding areas。Shang Zhou period，Bronze civilization in Central Plains and surrounding areas is an important part of Chinese civilization。Where，Bronze ornaments are decorated with their rich and diverse forms、Bright artistic characteristics and deep spiritual meaning，concentrated reflects the brilliant achievements of Chinese bronze civilization。Examine the image of the tiger on the bronze wares of the Central Plains and the surrounding areas，It is important to recognize the diverse pattern of Chinese bronze civilization。

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Central Plains bronze ware with a tiger image is mainly found in most Henan、Central and southern Shanxi、Most areas of Guanzhong and Shandong in Shaanxi，can be divided into tiger shape、Tiger pattern、Tiger -shaped attachment three categories。Where，Tiger shape is a tiger shape for the whole device，Can be divided into two types: one is an abstract type，Including squatting type and stubborn type; one is a realistic type，Including Tiger's Stand Standing and Tiger Tiger Animals。Tiger shape uses round carving techniques，Popularity in the late Shang Dynasty to the middle of the Warring States Period，A total of 16 pieces。Tiger pattern can be divided into "tiger food" pattern、Li Tiger pattern and tiger first pattern type。Tiger patterns use relief、Line engraving techniques，Popularity bet365 Play online games from the late Shang Dynasty to the late Western Zhou Dynasty，A total of 18 pieces。other，Tiger -shaped attachments can be divided into Crouching Tiger、Lihu、Tiger Head、Climbing Tiger、Tiger Eat Animals、Gu Shouhu、Seven forms of Tiger image。Tiger -shaped attachments use round carving techniques，The cover of the bronze ware、Foot、catching hands and other places，Popularity in the late Shang Dynasty to the Warring States Period，63 pieces in total。

The development of the image of the bronze tiger in the Central Plains is divided into three issues。The first phase is the late Shang Dynasty，Mainly abstract tiger shape、"Tiger Food" pattern、Crouching Tiger Annex。The number of tiger shapes in this period is more，Tiger pattern and tiger -shaped attachments are small，Tiger shape and tiger pattern style are more abstract，The decorative category mainly has 觥、钺、Gow -shaped device, etc.。The second phase is the early Western Zhou Dynasty to the late spring and autumn，It mainly includes a realistic tiger shape、Tiger head pattern and crocodile -shaped attachment、Lihu -shaped attachment、Tiger Shoujiao Annex, etc.。The image of the tiger in this period becomes mature，Number of quantities，Rich types，The style is more realistic，Decorative device categories are mainly Ding、簋、pot、Zun、匜、Pot、Disk、Save、Car jurisdiction、Ge et al.。The third phase is the Warring States Period，Mainly standing realistic tiger shape、Tiger -phase Animal Annex、Tiger Tiger Annex, etc.。The tiger pattern of this period basically disappears，Tiger -shaped and tiger -shaped attachments have also decreased sharply，The decorative class is mainly Dun、Ge、钲。

According to the differences in decorative techniques，Central Plains Shangzhou Bronze Tiger image is divided into three -dimensional tiger or plane tiger patterns。Cubs Tiger Towing，On the one hand, it presents tiger creeping with dynamic methods、Climbing、Dynamic scenes such as Gu Shou or Fight with Animals，Highlight the speed and strength of the tiger; on the other hand, exaggerate the basic form of the Bet365 app download tiger，Ru Tiger Ear upward，Eye Circle Open，Plus big Zhang，The tail is thicker。Basically follows the "creation" rule in animal pattern decoration art，When turning the tiger in nature into a bronze tiger -shaped decoration，Strengthen the main characteristics and attributes of tigers，In addition to fully displaying the characteristics of the tiger image and powerful,，The vivid condensation of its shape without losing its shape。

Plane tiger pattern is mostly presented in a separate pattern，If the tiger pattern and tiger head pattern of the single，Make the theme more clear，A few are presented in a suitable pattern form，Such as the "Tiger Food" pattern has abstracted the tiger to a certain degree of abstraction and deformation，and used the technique of "three -dimensional expressions with graphic"。This technique seems to be opened along the tiger's first to the tail，Place it as a whole to the left and right sides，so as to show all parts of the tiger's body as much as possible on the plane。other，When decorating patterns on bronze wares, we should take into account the shape of the utensils，to make the decoration and shape harmonious and unified。Ruhu -shaped attachment decorated in the bottom of the pot，Most of the image of Crouching Tiger，Decoration on the edge of the bean belly，Used the image of climbing tiger。

　　Tiger in the Bronze Civilization of the North

Bronze wares with tiger image in the north are mainly found in Hebei and northern Beijing、Central and southern Inner Mongolia、Eastern Gansu and southern Ningxia and other areas。The image of the bet365 best casino games bronze tiger in the northern region is mainly popular in the late Western Zhou Dynasty to the early spring and autumn，Western Zhou Dynasty、The number in the middle period is less，Most of the round carving decorative techniques，Among them, monomer tiger squat、Standing、There are many walking forms，Group Animal Combination，Tiger -patching animals or more forms of mutual fighting with other animals。The decoration and theme of its tiger image have the northern grassland atmosphere，Tiger sheep pattern unearthed from Fanjia Kiln Tomb, Linkle County。

The image part of the bet365 best casino games bronze tiger in the northern region is similar to the tiger head pattern of the Central Plains、Lihu -shaped attachment、Tiger -phase Animal Annex, etc.，But the popular squat tiger shape in the Central Plains、匍、"Tiger Food" pattern is basically not seen in the northern region。Visible，The image of the bronze tiger in the northern region is similar to the Central Plains，But the number and type of diversity are not as good as the Central Plains，and the popular time is later。Rukaigou Cemetery unearthed Tiger head pattern decorated with Tonggi，and the tiger -patching animal ornaments popular in the north。So，The appearance of the bronze tiger image and popularity of the northern region may be affected by the Central Plains region。At the same time，The number of tigers in the northern region is many quantities，With a fixed mode and complete development sequence，Tiger -phase -shaped attachments in the Central Plains are similar，But the number is less，Popular age is slightly later than the northern region。Therefore, some tiger image in the Central Plains bronze may also be affected by the northern region。

To sum up，The image of the northern bronze tiger tiger is affected by the Central Plains，Decorative style with its own characteristics，And developed a preference for the decoration of the tiger，To a certain extent, it also affects the Central Plains region to a certain extent。It can be said，Northern Bronze Wares on the one hand affected by the Central Plains Bronze，On the other hand, there are their own choices、Creation and development。

　　Tiger in the bronze civilization in the south

　　The bronze wares of the image of the southern tiger are mainly distributed in Jiangxi、Hubei、Anhui、Hunan and Sichuan regions。

The number of tigers on the bronze ware unearthed from the late tomb of the late Tomb of Jiangxi New Tomb，Tiger shape、Tiger -shaped attachments and tiger patterns:，Round sculpture、relief、Through carving、A variety of decorative techniques，Similar to the image expression of the Central Plains Tiger。The image of its tiger is mostly rolled with rolled moisture、Lighting、Scales to express the body's stack，The overall decoration style is more spoiled，Consistent with the overall style of the Bet365 app download bronze ornament of Yinxu。​​But the Fushuo Tiger Tiger unearthed from the Tomb of Xingan and the three -dimensional Crouching Tiger attachment decorated with Ding Shang、Tiger -shaped flat feet and other images are not seen in the Central Plains。From this we know，The image of Xintanhu is affected by the bronze civilization of the Central Plains，Also with distinct local characteristics。

Anhui、Hunan and other areas found that "Tiger Food" mother -in -law decorated bronze，Basically not later than Yin Ruins II。The "people" in the "Tiger Food" mother's "people" in the south expresses the whole body，The human limbs of people are clearly visible，"Tiger" is open to teeth，The patterns on your body are detailed，A strong sense of realism，And mostly decorated in the main part of the utensil，Dragon Tiger Zun unearthed from Funan, Anhui、Tiger Foods collected by the Bo Gui Pavilion in Sakuya。The "Tiger Food" mother -in -law decoration in the Central Plains area is mainly unearthed in Anyang area，No "Tiger Food" utensils or attachments，Only "Tiger Food" pattern exists。"People" in the "Tiger Food" pattern only expresses the head，"Tiger" is abstracted to a certain degree，And the secondary part of the utensil，If the "Tiger Food" pattern on the back of the mother Wu Ding is decorated with the outer ears of the ears of Ding Ding。

In short，The "Tiger Food" mother on the Central Plains and the southern bronze wares is relatively different，And the "Tiger Food" bronze in the south is earlier than the Central Plains region。Based on this speculation，In the early "Tiger Food" pattern，The image of the tiger and the man is complicated and realistic，Used as a subject pattern。After being introduced into the Central Plains，The overall pattern is relatively simple，Most as secondary decorations。other，Hubei Yejiashan M1111 unearthed the beast noodles with bells on both sides of the bell is decorated with 4 tiger -shaped attachments，Tiger Stand Standing Walking，Early Western Zhou Dynasty，Number of Gu Shouhu -shaped attachments decorated with Niuyu in the Central Plains area、Style、Decoration positions are different，Bet365 app download Have regional characteristics，and early than the Central Plains region。Visible，"Tiger Food" and other mothers such as "Tiger Food" in the southern region have an impact on the bronze wares of the Central Plains。

The image of the Barting bronze tiger unearthed in Sichuan area is more common in bronze weapons，including Ge、Sword、spear and other device categories。Tiger pattern on the copper Ge unearthed from Emei Rixi, Sichuan，The image of the tiger in the "Tiger Food" pattern with the late women of the Central Plains business is similar，And as the theme pattern on the weapon，At the same time, it is consistent with the tiger patterns on the Tongge on the Tong Ge on the M2 of Lingtai Baicao Po, Gansu，Decorative positions are also the same。White Cao Po M2 Copper Tong Ge is early Western Zhou，Earlier than Fuxi Tongg。other，The image of the tiger in the Central Plains bronze weapon is more diverse than the image of the tiger area in the Baushu area。Therefore，The image of the tiger image of the bronze weapons in the Central Plains and its neighboring areas may have a certain impact on the image of the tiger on the Bronze Bronze weapon。

To sum up，The image of the bronze tiger in the Central Plains and the surrounding areas has its own characteristics，Among them, the surrounding areas are keen to express natural scenes with decorations，and the central principles are mostly expressed as the ideas of ideas，There is a different artistic path。But the image of the bronze tiger in the Central Plains is diverse，Rich decorations，Specific casting skills，Age is mostly earlier than the surrounding areas，The emergence of bronze tiger image and popularity in the surrounding areas。At the same time，Bronze civilization in the surrounding area has also had a certain impact on the Central Plains，For example, the tiger -pale animal image on the northern bronzes appears on the Central Plains bronze ware，"Tiger Food" pattern in the south is decorated on the bronze ware of the Central Plains。But the Central Plains Bronze Civilization is at the core，The surrounding area has a lighter level of influence on it，For example, "Tiger Food" pattern is introduced into Central Plains，Multi -decorated in Ding Er and other important positions，bet365 live casino games Basically not used as a main decoration on the ceremony，and the image of the northern tiger -dying animal has not become a popular decorative style in the Central Plains。In short，Central Plains and the surrounding bronze civilization are closely related，Together with the Central Plains as the core, a multi -integrated bronze civilization pattern。

(this article is the 2019 National Social Science Foundation Western Project "Research on Ancient Chinese Bronze Inspection" (19xkg009) phase results)

(Author Unit: School of History and Culture, Shaanxi Normal University)