AD 4-7 century，Two River Basin (Mesopotamia) is the eastern border of the Byzantine Empire，Byzantine's early and mid -term historical materials pay close attention to the region、frequent mention。

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In terms of cultural perspective，The historical materials of the Byzantine period have not regarded the civilization of the two river basins as homogeneous civilization，Instead of seeing it as the civilization of the other person。This is mainly based on historical factors。The two river basins are one of the earliest areas in the world，Sumel appeared in ancient times、Akad、Babylon、Assyrian and other civilizations，and have a profound impact on ancient Greek Roman civilization。But the two river basins were merged into the Persian empire in the 6th century BC，Therefore, the Byzanti people regard the Persians as the orthodox heir of the two river civilizations。This concept almost runs through the entire Byzantine historical period。

late to 12th century，Byzantine historian Niketas Choniaters mentioned in a local rulers in Caesaria that Mesopotamia。The ruler believes that he is the direct descendant of the Danish Menndids dynasty，Sataris from the bloodline to the Arsacids dynasty。Nikitas Houniadis said，They are brave and strong warriors，It is the most powerful among those who conquer Roman cities、The most ruthless person。In his opinion，There is a more direct civilized inheritance relationship between the Persian and Mesopotamia。

Since Mesopotamia is a region with long -term conflicts in the two major empires and has an important strategic position，Therefore, in the early Byzantine historical materials，River for Mesopotamia、Landform、Products、Customs and the Persian Empire's provinces in the region have meticulous descriptions。For example，About the very famous bet365 Play online games Assyria in the two river basins，Byzantine historian Amanus Marcellinus mentioned，It is due to a large population、Broad area、Famous and variety of products is famous for its name。This province used to be full of great and rich ethnic groups，Later, it was collectively referred to as "Assyrian"。"Assyrian" in ancient times was renamed "Adiabena"，It means "not along the water"，originated from Greekνειν "(up to the water)。This is because the "Assyrian" is located between the sailing Ouna River (ona) and the Dagris River，Unable to arrive in water。Aman also records the strange materials produced in the local area，Such as Petroleum，Birds cannot continue to fly if you stick it，When the stone brain oil is burned，can only be extinguished with soil。

historians of the Chastini era Procopius are also in their book "History of War"，The source of the name of the Mesopotamian name is described in the length of the special chapter、The source and flow of the two rivers、mythical legends in this area、Military conflicts in the two countries。Probby has reached the Mesopotamian region many times，Therefore, I have a clear understanding of the local strategic pattern。For example，He mentioned，Nisibis and other places after being occupied by the Persians to have an unfavorable strategic impact on the Byzantine Empire，Because the Persians can do not need to take care of the area other than the Euphraphon River，Instead of attacking the Byzantine Empire from Edsa and its surroundings。

　　The frontier of the empire 

Byzantine people pay more attention to Mesopotamia more from politics、Military level。Eastward advances of the Roman Empire and West Expansion of the Persian Empire，The conflict of the two empires is concentrated in the Mesopotamia area。and until the Byzantine period，Mesopotamia becomes the border of the two major empires。The early historical materials of Byzantine have a clear cognition for this。

Aman recorded the multiple military conflicts between the Byzantine Empire and bet365 live casino games the Persian in the 4th century AD，Mentioned the officers of the Roman Empire "guarding the border that appoints to them"。Emperor Constant Tisius large -scale soldiers in the two river basins，Its purpose is not expansion、Embers of the territory，Instead, "Pull up the warning line on our side，Supervise places where King Persia may invade "。In a long period of time，Mesopotamia is divided into two parts of North and South，controlled by the Persian Empire and the Byzantine Empire。The Byzantine Empire regards northern Mesopotamia as the scope of the country in the traditional sense，It is its own border on the southeast，It is also the core area of ​​its competing right with the Persians。

This cognition occupies a dominant position in the early historical materials of Byzantine，and have multiple influences on the early historical and culture of Byzantine，Specific performance in the following three aspects。

One，Mesopotamia witnessed the history of the Byzantine Empire and the Persian Empire.，The two parties continue to see here，In the end, the entire Arab Empire was swallowed by the entire Mesopotamian region。Byzantine enabled New Metropolis Constantinople，To a certain extent, it is also to maintain the territory of the Empire in the East，The Constantine dynasty and the Persian Empire fought for many years，Byzantine Emperor Julian Royal Driving，The intention to take the Persian capital Taixin，But to die of the battlefield。Successive Emperor Zhuowan was forced to conclude with the Persian King Sapur，Cut the blockbuster territory，Including 5 provinces in the Byzantine Empire on the outside of the Digris River、15 fortress，and Nicimbis、Singara and other places。According to the agreement，Nicibis and Singagara although they have friends with the Persian，But the original people can leave、Go to Byzantine。But，The hegemony of the two empires is not over，Instead of continuous existence，During the period of Chashinini, reached its peak。

The first two volumes of Probby in the History bet365 Play online games of War records the war between the Byzantine Empire and the Persian Empire。During the rule of Chashidin II in Chashinini，Byzantine encountered a heavy innovation，Many territories of Mesopotamia have fallen into the hands of Persia，Among them, the famous Dara City (DARA)。591 years，The Persian King Houzroeis II encountered a domestic rebellion，Seek assistance from the Byzantine Emperor Morris，Thank you for expression，He returned many territories in the Mesopotamian region to the Byzantine Empire。605 years，Battle of the two empires again，Byzantine blockbuster territory fell，Then the emperor Iraqi gathered the army counterattack，627 in Nini Micro Creation Persian Army，628 Destroyed Persian regime。but but，The Byzantine Empire failed to achieve the dominant position of Mesopotamia.，Instead, it consumes military and national strength in the war with the Persian Empire，After the rise of the Arabs, the potential is like breaking bamboo，Quickly occupied the entire Mesopotic Bhomia area，The forces of the Byzantine Empire were forced to retreat from here。

Its two，To maintain the territory in northern Mesopotamia，Master the dominance of the hegemony，The Byzantine Empire established a comprehensive military and political system in the local area，Establish Mesopotamian Province，Placed below the DIOCESE of Oriens。The highest military official in the province，Its mansion was originally located in Nicibes。Seeking peace when Zhuoweian cuts ground，Put Nisbis to Persians，So the Byzantine Empire re -designated AMIDA as the mansion of the province of Mesopotamia。Since then，Emperor Byzantine has built some important cities in an important strategic area，such as Martyropolis、Dala，in order to improve the local governance，and the army is mainly stationed in Constantina or Dala。

Byzantine Empire's early "Official Records" recorded in detail the military deployment at all levels in the province of Mesopotamia。For example，The First Patia Legion based on Bet365 lotto review Constantini、The Second Patia Legion, based on Bezabde, the base of the bottom of the River,。early 6th century，Byzantine Empire has established three provinces in Mesopotamia: First, the Fourth Armenia Quarta，The capital is Maltilo Polyus; the second is the province of Mesopotamia，The capital is Amida; Third，The capital is Dala。During the period of Chastydini Great，To curb the potential invasion of the Persians，The Empire further improves the military defense capabilities of Meso Bhoma。According to the record of Probby，Some areas of Mesopotamia "should fully strengthen the defense、Reinforcement in various ways ... Emperor Chastini establishes a strong fortress here，Senate in heavy soldiers，This area becomes indestructible，Barbarians cannot invade at all "。

until the beginning of the 7th century，The effective governance of the Byzantine Empire in Mesopotamia seems to be degraded。According to the record of George of Cyprus in Cyprus，Byzantine Empire integrates the Mesopotamian region into two new provinces: one is called Mesopotamian province or fourth Armenia province，The other is called "another fourth Armenia province"。The imperfect administrative planning and the casual naming of the province，It is a manifestation of the weakening of the Byzantine Empire in this period in Mesopotamia，It also further weakened the rule of the empire in the region。

Its three，At the religious level，Byzantine Empire also attaches great importance to the two river basins，Roughly establishing a religious canal area based on administrative planning，Promoting a sense of belonging to the Byzantine Empire and its church with the spread of Christianity、Identity，Consolidate the power of governing northern Mesopotamia with the power of religion。originated from this，Many saints related to this area、Miracles are created。For example，According to the records of Theodoret of Cyrrhus，Jacob of Nisibis, Bishop Nisbis, was faced with the attack of the King of Persia Sapur，Divine Bet365 app download skills。At that time，Persian Army intercept water flow，The impact of the water broke through the Wall of Nicibisbis，And Jacob passes through prayer，Curse the enemy，Mosquito -like mosquito bite enemies and their war horses and horses，Forced the enemy to escape。but but，Overall，Byzantine Empire's religious policy in the Mesopotamian territory is basically the same as the overall religious policy of the empire，No special religious status is given to the region。

　　Memory of memory 

The two river basins in the historical materials of Byzantine bearer the brilliant memory of the Roman Empire's rule in the East，also witnessed the history of Byzantine and Persia's two empires.。originated from this，The Byzantine Empire appeared after ZTE during the Macedonian dynasty，A number of emperors expedition to Mesopotamia，Attempt to rebuild the right to rule in the region，It has not achieved substantial achievements。John I. Kimiski is not smooth in expedition，In a speech -oriented speech, bluntly said: "Romans，I didn’t achieve my great expectations。I have expected to be able to achieve a more glorious great cause than now，Bathing in the Youth Fara River in fearlessly、Drink its flowing river water，Can see the bottom Gris River，A full armed soldiers scared the enemy。”

So far，The final memories of the Byzantine Empire for the Mesopotamian territory stayed in the 7th century in the 7th century.。Deacon Leo The Deacon is mentioned when mentioning Nicibes，The final memories of the history of the city are fixed in the Persian Army, which resisted in Bishop Nishibis Jacob。To remember the glory of the Roman Empire in the east，late 9th century、Emperor Lio VI of Byzantine in the early 10th century was during the rule，Re -enable Mesopotamia This name，and created a new military region，Dan's jurisdiction in the Meso Bhomoto -Border area is not the two river basins，It is not the Early Empire's early Mesopota Buridama，but located in the northwest position of the original province。

According to the record Bet365 app download of "On the Management of Empires" according to the official literature of Constantine VIII.，Kamacha，Today, Kaima, Turkey)、Keltzini，Today's Turkish City Eljinzhan)，After adding regions such as Ramanopolis。These areas are mainly Avians' settlements，Therefore, officers in the so -called Mesopotamamians are often served as Armenians who are surrendering to the Byzantine Empire。In the following Byzantine historical documents，When referring to Mesopotic Bulidamia，In most cases, it is no longer the two river basins in the traditional sense，but this military area newly established by the Empire。With the decline of the Byzantine Empire，The Mesopotamian Military Region also withdrawn from the historical stage，Gradually faded out of the visual field of Byzantine scholars。

　(Author Unit: Institute of World History of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)