About 5000 years ago，With global climate mutations，my country's warm and humid climate and environment begins to deteriorate，Archeological culture in various regions has occurred.。In this process，The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are the first to band，Liangzhu culture tradition gradually disappears，Later, the cultural movement south of Shandong and Huanghuai regions，Lingnan、Culture in the coastal areas of Zhejiang and Fujian，The middle reaches of the Yellow River is also affected to some extent。This extensive cultural decline and change phenomenon continues until 4500 years before and after today，Loess Plateau、North China Plain、Shandong Peninsula and Lake Plain have begun to appear a series of new large -scale city sites。This period，The competition and conflict of people in different regions intensify，Some sites found rammed soil and stone building walls、ring、horse noodle、Menchen and other defense facilities，"Gray pit buried people" and "people head pit" and other special relics have increased greatly，Stone spear、Weapon relics such as osteophytes also discover a lot of weapons。Changes in prehistoric cultural patterns in China，Northern China enters the Longshan era。

　　Cultural interaction in the Longshan era

Guanzhong Basin, located in the middle reaches of the Yellow River, is one of the cultural core areas of the Longshan era，It is the main distribution range of guest provincial village culture。Xi'an Taiping Site is a high -level central site in the newly discovered guest province in recent years，Its area is not less than 1 million square meters，The lower limit in the age has entered the summer year，Provides us with important material information for us to understand the origin of Chinese civilization and early countries。The unearthed utensils of the site show that there are extensive cultural interaction with the Taiping Bet365 app download site with other regions，Rushing Black Pottery Cup、Black pottery high -handle beans may be related to Henan Longshan culture，Hewa -shaped Tao Bing is similar to Shanxi Tao Temple ruins，鬶、盉 has the characteristics of Shandong Longshan culture，Red Pottery Double Big Ear can、Bone bones may be in the Ganqing area，Some jade styles are even related to the Jianghan area。Therefore，Performant Provincial Village Culture represented by the Table Ruins，It should be the center of a local cultural interaction in the Longshan era，is the place where the intersection of the Sifang cultural intersection。

This is frequent、Universal cultural interaction also occurs in other areas nearby。Living in the Central Plains in the "World"，Facing the Guest Village Culture from Guanzhong Basin、Shijia Culture on the Loess Plateau、Longshan Culture in the lower reaches of the Yellow River、The potential of the Shijiahe culture in the Yangtze River Basin。On the one hand，Civilized factors in a large number of surrounding areas for a long time，Promote Central Plains on the basis of local cultural traditions，Receive and store、On the other hand，The center of ancient Chinese civilization is gradually forming。On the other hand，Heavy pressure on the outside、Under the severe situation of frequent foreign wars，The social structure of the Central Plains region has further changed，Differential rich and poor、Social layered stratification，Power gradually concentrated，Gradually produced the military and military leaders，To the cause of Zen let the system disintegrate and kingquanity。From this，Central Plains region through continuous absorption of advanced technology and technology in the surrounding areas、Etiquette specifications and even ruling strategies，Get the core competitiveness，Finally, a powerful centralized ruling class appeared，Born the first wide -area kingdom in Chinese history -Xia。

Summer culture consists of the early Xinzhai period relics and the late Elitou culture composition，The source is the cultural tradition of the Longshan era in the Central Plains bet365 Play online games region，But the many cultural factors in other regions melted。For example，Pottery device and large -scale blade jade gift in the culture of Erlitou may come from Shandong;、Original Porcelain、Duck -shaped Ding and other utensils have cultural characteristics of the lower reaches of the Yangtze River; jade handle -shaped device、Special jade articles such as bird shaped wares are related to the middle reaches of the Yangtze River; while the lace of the pottery is decorative style、ring head knife、Bronze ax may come from the Northwest region，presents the "Dynasties Meteorological" that gathers the Quartet。These evidence indicates，Xia culture represented by Erlitou culture，Is a cultural community of "Sharing Similar Cultural Extract"，Born in an era when cultural interaction and "melting" are continuously enhanced by regional inter -regional inter -regional。So，Guanzhong Basin as one of the cultural center areas in this period，What role did you play in this process?

　The impact of pottery production and aesthetic style

The most commonly used pottery in the culture of Erlitou is a pottery tank，One of its iconic characteristics is common sawtooth or additional mud decorations in the mouth，Looking down like lace。This decoration style is also found in the ruins of the Guanzhong Basin's summer culture，In the past, it was considered one of the evidence of the Guanzhong Basin of Erlitou Cultural Conquest。But，Archaeological discovery confirmation，This decoration style is rare in the Longshan era of the Central Plains region，But it is very popular among guest provincial village culture，There is a complete evolution development sequence。

Pottery port along lace decoration style，According to its production process and decoration position，It can be divided into two types of stamping on the mouth of the pottery and the addition of mud strips along the outside of the mouth。The former has appeared in the Yangshao period and the Yangshao culture period of more than 8,000 years since the Guanzhong Basin.，Ruins of Baijia Village, Lintong, Shaanxi、Zero mouth site、Pottery bowls in Xi'an Jiangzhai site、can、The Bet365 lotto review edge of the pot is printed as a so -called jagged lip，It should be this ancestor of this lace decoration style。The style of adding mud strips along the mouth，The earlier discovery was on the potting pot of the second phase of Miao Digou，But it is mainly popular in the cultural period of the guest province。

So，Pottery port along the lace decoration style is first seen in the period in the Guanzhong Basin，To the cultural period of the guest province is more popular，Complex forms，and longer for a long time，There are still a certain amount of discovery in the Shang and Zhou dynasties。Twita Landfront of Erlitou Culture Follow Decoration Style，It should be directly originated from the Guanzhong Basin's guest provincial village culture。

　　The transit station of the jade ceremony and the jade material

Erlitou culture is rich in types of jade、Number of quantities，It is a key part of the development of China's jade ceremony。Guanzhong Basin before the Longshan Culture period，Jade custom is not common。Discovery of only sporadic small jade jewelry during the early Yangshao culture，Ruyuzhu、Drinking, etc.。A small amount of jade -quality ax chisel in the Yangshao culture period，Blade Ministry sharpness，It should be a production tool，No etiquette nature。During the cultural period of the guest province，Began to appear blunt for the blade、Ax without a trace，May be used as a symbol of wealth and power，琮 appeared at the same time、璧 璧，Should be related to sacrifice etiquette，Jade Witcher unearthed from the Taiping site during the cultural period of the guest province、Jade Core、Jade material and other relics constitute a complete jade production and processing operation chain，This indicates that the site should exist in the jade workshop。

Ganqing area near Guanzhong，There are similar processes with jade customs，Yangshao Culture and the subsequent Majiayao Culture period，Rare jade。To the Qi family culture period of the same period as the Wenzhuang culture in the province，璧、琮 and other etiquette appeared in large quantities，A rich type of jade，It indicates that the jade and concepts of Qijia culture have formed a bet365 live casino games certain scale and system。Gansu Dunhuang Rhanxia Jade Mine Mine in the Qi family culture period，It is the earliest flashes of glittering stone jade mining sites in our country，Wuwei Haizang Temple site also found a jade workshop。This change，Both and Liangzhu Culture decline，Its jade ceremony is widely spread in various regions。According to scholar research，At that time, there was a spread of jade and jade technology that was about 4000 years ago:、Longdong，and gradually spread to Hexi region。Accompanied by the jade gifiles, all places，Jade technology has promoted the development of jade mine in Ganqing area，Make Ganqing Jade material an important resource，Circulation。For example，A large number of jade wares unearthed in the Cemetery of Qingliang Temple in Jinnan area，Early use local Dali Rock、Snake -patterned rock and other jade materials，In the late stages, use a large amount of shinystone from the Ganqing area。

Guanzhong Basin as an important channel connecting the Central Plains and Ganqing area，promoted the spread of the concept of jade and jade technology to the west，At the same time, it promoted the development of jade ore in Ganqing area and the eastward advance of jade materials，Meet the needs of jade materials in the Central Plains region。

　　The technical accumulation of bone bones

Ganqing area and Guanzhong Basin are places where animal scapula is used for divination and sacrifice culture.。Gansu Fu Shanwujia Site found the earliest bone bone in China，Age is about 3980 BC 3640 BC，When it is the ancestor of the bone。The bones discovered by the Wenzhuang culture of the province should be derived from the Ganqing area，A total of about 50 pieces of discovery have been seen at present，Its features are highly similar to that related to the Ganqing area。On the one hand, it is reflected in the choice of aggregate，Most of them are sheep scapula; on the other hand, all bone bones have not seen marginal rectification technology，No traces of drilling are found，Relatively comparison of original，It should be the early form of the bone。Scrape was found on the bone Bet365 app download shovel in the Kangjia site of the Guangzhuang Cultural period、grinding and other repair marks，It may have already produced the pre -processing process of animal scapula products，The edge rectification of Bone Bone completed the technical accumulation。

Cultural period of Guangzhuang，The tradition of divination sacrifice gradually spread eastward，The bone seen in the Xiapangou site of the Henan era in the Longshan era has been drilled first and then burning。to Erlitou culture，The edge rectification technology and drilling of the bone bone began to gradually popularize。But compared with the early Ganqing area and the bone bone seen in the Guanzhong Pinger，Most of the bones of the two miles are beef bone and pork bone，This may be related to the way of livelihood。Cow、Pork bone relative to sheep，larger thickness，It is not easy to directly burn the stems，Drilling may be for this consideration。

Generated from the Ganqing area，Traditional divination sacrifice tradition of the prosperity of the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties，Performance of the Provincial Zhuang Culture plays an important communication role，I have made important contributions to the development of Chinese divination and sacrifice etiquette。

The late Yangshao culture of Yangshao more than 5,000 years ago，Prehistoric China has already existed to a certain extent "close contact"，to form a "common archeological ingredient"。Similar cosmic view、Astronomical calendar、Funeral sacrifice etiquette and other knowledge is widely spread，For example, jade crickets are generally buried in large tombs in various regions，This kind of jade ware evolved from tools or weapons is a symbol of power.，It may reflect similar funerals，formed a cultural "initial China"。

Wanbanglin's late Longshan era，It is an important period for breeding of the summer dynasty。The birth of the Xia Dynasty，It is also necessary。Erlitou Culture in the Central Plains，Universal absorption of excellence in various regions、Advanced cultural factors，Enhance its cultural competitiveness，At the same time, it expands its cultural influence to the same strength，Jinnan、Bet365 app download Guan Middle East and other regions incorporate its sphere of influence，Become a "strong culture with heartpower and radiation"。

Personal Village Culture with Guanzhong Basin as the core area，Contributed to its unique cultural creation，The decorative style along the lace of the pottery affects the production and aesthetic style of the ancestors of the two ancestors;。is the key node of the traditional eastward advance，It is also a transit station for jade and jade system，spread the jade ritual system of the Central Plains culture to the Ganqing area，Drive the development of local jade material resources。During this cultural interaction and fusion process，Cultural consensus is constantly condensed，The evolution of Chinese civilization has entered a new stage led by the core culture。

　　(The author is an intern at the Institute of Archaeological Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)