Explanation from a professional perspective，bet365 bonus code pa refers to obtaining new functions、New phenotypes or even the purpose of creating new species，Delete the target gene、Replace、Operations such as inserting。The magic of this technology is，It can be achieved through unique and precise editing function，Change genetic characteristics，Thus improving the traits of animals and plants，Prevention and treatment of malignant diseases，Can even strengthen humans、“Reappearance” of extinct species, etc.。This sounds very appealing，Like a gardener using a garden knife，Trim the target object arbitrarily，Until it matches what you want。However，The ethical risks of bet365 bonus code pa also come from this。

　bet365 bonus code pa operations must be subject to ethical review "gatekeeping"

As a neutral technology，There is nothing wrong with bet365 bonus code pa。But this technology has a major flaw，It’s its off-target effect，That is, the preset "editing" goal was not achieved、Offset phenomenon。The risk of off-target lies not only in the failure of target bet365 bonus code pa，The greater risk is that it may trigger potentially unpredictable serious consequences。Powerful bet365 bonus code pa function，Has immeasurable scientific research value，And huge commercial value，This is all decided，If you don’t arrange a “gatekeeper” for bet365 bonus code pa operations，Then the masters of technology may be tempted by interests，Violate ethics and morals or even conduct illegal and criminal operations。Therefore，Ethical review of bet365 bonus code pa operations is a basic principle universally followed by all countries。

If the object of gene editing is human genes，The risk caused by off-target will put the edited individual and even the entire human race into danger。As early as 1999，An American boy died due to a violent immune reaction caused by gene therapy。Editing human reproductive genes will threaten the entire human gene pool due to genetic effects。Therefore，The ethical risks of bet365 bonus code pa are greater。Can human genes, especially reproductive genes, be edited and used clinically，Is the most heated topic in the ethical controversy of gene editing。February 2017，The National Academies of Sciences and Medicine jointly released a report titled "bet365 bonus code pa: The Science、Ethics and Supervision》Research Report，which states，If human reproductive gene editing is applied clinically，Heal patients，Requires very strict ethical review。Ethical review is equivalent to the "gatekeeper" of gene editing，It ensures that scientific workers strictly abide by the bottom line of bioethics and scientific morality，Prevent and resist gene editing operations being used for "evil"，Guiding this technology to solve real and necessary scientific problems，And bear the "flower" of goodness。

　What should be used to restrain bet365 bonus code pa?

The recent sensational "He Jiankui Incident"，Obviously the ethical bottom line has been crossed，Even suspected of violating the "law"。There are no laws and regulations on gene editing in our country，The current legal regulations in this field mainly rely on the normative documents and departmental regulations issued by the former Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Science and Technology。Some of the content involves the ethical review of gene editing，As stipulated in the "Management Measures for Human Assisted Reproduction"，Application of human assisted reproductive technology，Should comply with ethical principles；Medical institutions applying to carry out human assisted reproductive technology should have a medical ethics committee；Ethical issues involved in the implementation of human assisted reproductive technology，Should be submitted to the Medical Ethics Committee for discussion。The direct regulations regarding the ethical review of bet365 bonus code pa mainly include the "Ethical Guiding Principles for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research", "Ethical Principles for Human Assisted Reproductive Technology and Human Sperm Banks" and "Ethical Review Methods for Biomedical Research Involving Humans"。

From the existing specifications，The ethical review of bet365 bonus code pa in my country can be summarized as follows: First，Our country adheres to the principle of ethical review and supervision，Biomedical research involving humans must pass ethical review；Second，The ethics committee is the main body that implements ethical review and supervision，All medical and health institutions involving human biomedical research should establish an ethics committee，The Ethics Committee independently conducts ethical review work，But it must be managed by the medical and health institution and subject supervision，And accept the supervision and management of relevant regulatory authorities；Third，The ethics committee mainly has three responsibilities，Protect subjects and promote standardized research，Conduct ethical review and supervision of the entire research project，Carry out relevant training；Fourth，The selection of ethics committee members adopts the principle of diversity，Except for professionals in the biomedical field，There should also be ethics、Experts in law and other fields, as well as people from society outside the institution。In addition，Existing regulations also stipulate relevant legal responsibilities，Restrain the ethics committee。

In other words，Ethical review of bet365 bonus code pa operations such as He Jiankui，Our country has “laws” to follow。But the problem is，The legal level of the existing regulations is too low，This greatly reduces its effectiveness in deterring and preventing illegal behavior。In the entire regulatory regime regarding bet365 bonus code pa operations，The Ethics Committee assumes vital responsibilities，But for bet365 bonus code pa operations that do not comply with existing regulations，The ethics committee does not seem to have very effective practical punishment methods。In our country，Ethical review is conducted by the ethics committee of the medical institution，However, can the ethics committee adhere to the principle of independence for review and supervision，Whether it can comply with relevant regulations in an exemplary manner，Also facing huge challenges in practice。In fact，This situation is not optimistic，This "He Jiankui incident" is by no means an isolated case。According to industry authorities，There is currently inconsistent management of ethics committees in our country，Access、Problems such as lack of certification standards and regulatory mechanisms，Any small hospital can set up an ethics committee，Some ethics committees are loosely organized，Just doing it superficially。In the case of imperfect legal system，Ethical review with insufficient self-restraint is of course difficult to prevent scientific workers from stepping on the red lines of ethics and law。

　Putting the “gatekeeper” power into the “cage” of the rule of bet365 bonus code pa

In "A Brief History of the Future"，The author writes: "Biotechnology and information technology have brought powerful new powers to mankind，This problem has become doubly urgent。With these powers in hand，How to use it？”“Technology is a powerful weapon for the country”，But bet365 bonus code pa technology is a powerful tool，Never allow "doing whatever you want"，Must “act according to the rules”。As a “gatekeeper” for gene editing operations，Ethical review supervision rights owned by the ethics committee，Must be included in the rule of law mechanism for restraint。

Putting the “gatekeeper” power into the “cage” of the rule of law，First of all, we need to solve the problem that the legal level of existing regulations is too low、The problem of insufficient deterrence。Some countries introduced laws on bioethics and human embryo research as early as the 20th century。For example, France introduced the Bioethics Law in 1988，The third part is the management regulations for the ethics committee。Scholar Jiang Li once proposed that my country should formulate a special "bet365 bonus code pa Law"。After this incident，Some scholars have proposed that the medical ethics review system within the current legal framework should be strengthened。From a realistic perspective，Although the law may not be enacted in one go，But bet365 bonus code pa and ethical review are related to the future and destiny of all mankind，Such a major adjustment object，The legal level should never be just departmental regulations or normative documents，Such a "cage" is obviously not strong enough。As a transition，You can consider formulating regulations based on existing regulations。

Secondly，Necessary reforms should be made to the ethical review system。Effectiveness of ethical review，Much depends on whether the ethics committee can maintain its independence。French "Bioethics Law" Provisions，The Ethics Committee is absolutely independent in performing its duties，And was granted legal personality。We can establish an appropriate isolation mechanism between the ethics committee and the affiliated institution，To enhance their independence in the performance of their duties。Also，bet365 bonus code pa operations are of great importance，The authority to review and oversee such research projects should be given to higher-level ethics committees。Starting from the level of existing ethics committees in our country，It is more appropriate to give this power to the committee established by the health administrative department at or above the provincial level，For particularly important scientific research projects，Ethical review may be conducted by the highest level committee。

Finally，The independence of the ethics committee does not mean it is exempt from supervision。Opposite，Ethical review of bet365 bonus code pa must be subject to the strictest supervision。This incident highlights the regulatory loopholes in ethics review in our country。Strengthening supervision is the common demand of the public after collective reflection on this incident。This reinforcement includes self-regulation、Strengthening of government supervision and social supervision。Self-regulation is the ethics committee’s self-management and supervision in a self-disciplined manner。Government supervision is an ethical review supervision led by the national health administration department。The authoritative report on bet365 bonus code pa mentioned above points out，Human embryonic gene editing should be carried out under government supervision。Other than that，Social supervision should also be encouraged，Provide channels and means for the public to supervise ethical review，If necessary, it can even be given the right to vote whether to approve scientific research projects。

　　(Author’s unit: China Rule of Law Strategic bet365 bonus code pa Center, East China University of Political Science and Law)