National certification ability is the basic ability of the country。Certification ability is often subject to the country's land area、Population specification、Production method、Communication channels、The effects of social liquidity and scientific and technological development。For example，Compared to the ancient Chinese society of "editing households"，Citizen ID card、The establishment of the vehicle number plate system is a high -level performance of the modern Chinese national certification capabilities。With the development of artificial intelligence and big data，People about citizens、Things、The authentication data of things is more accurate、Fine，A data country appears in "cloud"。This also puts forward higher rule of law for the country's certification supervision。

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Different from the authentication subject，Certification ability is divided into national certification and social certification。During the period of strong national supervision capabilities，National certification ability and social certification ability often promote each other。Enterprises have more motivated to improve their authentication capabilities than the country due to profit -driven。Facing the financial crisis in 2008，American company IBM proposed the corporate strategy of "smart city"，Open the pace of the construction of global smart cities，bring new profit growth points to high -tech enterprises。The essence of a smart city is big data，I can improve the certification ability through technology，Collect、summarization and sorting，Formed a man、Things、F facts of things，So as to establish a "digital city -state" in the future of global integration，and even data countries。

On the eve of the technological Bet365 app download revolution，cutting -edge enterprises are usually more keenly adapted to this change than the central government，Develop the corresponding certification technology。Enterprises have meticulous data collection of all things of urban residents、Specification and logo，to form a complete certification system。For example，The establishment of a food monitoring system for the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence to identify and trace the source of food。The United States relies on public and private cooperation，"Drug Supply Chain Safety Act" and "Food Safety Modernization Act" establish a dynamic tracking certification system for food and drugs。The popularity of the mobile Internet has promoted the ability of social certification，The impact of social liquidity elements in traditional national certification capabilities。Market demand for mobile payment will form an interconnection with the identity authentication system of the bank。Each payment can track traceability。To ensure payment safety，Internet finance payment derived from "face brushing" certification payment based on face recognition。Education experience、Provident Fund、Access to national certification information such as medical insurance，Make Alibaba's "Sesame Credit"、"Xiaobai Credit" of Jingdong Mall has everyone's credit rating。

Different forms of authentication and traditional certification，Thanks to the development of Internet technology and artificial intelligence，The fact data collected in urban governance is not only reliable，Dynamic updates in real time，All kinds of facts interconnected，Forming cloud data gathering。At this point，Alibaba uses the concept of "urban brain" to express the development direction of new certification capabilities，Create a data city or data country above the cloud。

A government with normal learning -adaptability，Certification results that can absorb social levels in time，I thought bet365 Play online games it was used。Tencent、Alibaba or Baidu has certified Chinese netizens earlier and more detailed than the central government，Master their age earlier、Region、Career、Income、Ideological tendency、Facts in consumer habits，The so -called "user data"。The power factor behind it is that the behavior data of netizens is the key to earning profits of Internet companies。But as long as the central government has normal regulatory consciousness and learning ability，Many certification results of corporate big data can be quickly used by the country，Improve national certification capabilities。For example，In the execution field of judicial judgment，Social certification ability has improved the country's certification ability。Data interconnection between enterprises and social organizations enables the court to finance the executing person、One -click query of the property。With the improvement of camera recognition technology，The certification mechanism applied to the government transportation system can accurately locate the execution vehicle。The effective implementation of the person's system of dishonesty being executed in recent years also benefits from the interconnection of identity certification information between various enterprises and the central government，Make the dishonest person who can be accurately certified and restricted when riding public transportation and high consumption。

On the contrary，Improvement of national certification capabilities also helps improve social certification。Many results of national certification have gradually transformed into public products，That is the gradual open public big data。The ID system is a typical public product。Another example，Electronic map products developed by enterprises must rely on the country's municipal street name and postal code and other traditional national certification systems。Some unknown sections in Beijing can be identified in this certification cooperation。The relationship bet365 Play online games between the US Internet company and the US government is a typical case of mutual benefit between national certification and social certification。Internet technology itself is born from US military projects。IBM、Census Technology of Internet companies such as Microsoft、Filtering technology comes from the demand for the largest customer of the US Department of Defense。The controversial but irrefutable is，Google's advanced AI technology development is inseparable from cooperation with the US Department of Defense。"Project Maven" and other drones of drones are used in military weapons and human rights monitoring。other，also includes network security、Military Recruitment、Military Recruitment、Veterans Medical、Search、Rescue and other aspects of extensive cooperation。

　　The foundation of the rule of law in the country's certification ability

If the central government lacks leadership and regulatory ability，National certification and social authentication may not have the honeymoon period that promotes each other。On the one hand，Under the situation of feudal sections，Local governments and social organizations in ancient society cannot benefit from the improvement capacity of the central government; on the other hand,，Some big capital、Large enterprises have formed Kapland's "High-Tech Feudalism"，exclusive user data and certification resources。Current，Some companies talk about "data property rights"，User data contributed by consumers as their own，It is "data" to make the princes。When the online car company is threatened by the passenger's life，Refuse to provide the public security organs for the identification and positioning of vehicle data for the privacy of personal information。WeChat also uses exclusive user nicknames、Portrait and other authentication data refuses to service related users。Even，The phenomenon of "human flesh search" in the early Internet is a manifestation of social organizations or bet365 live casino games private abuse of social certification。

From this，While the social certification ability is developing rapidly，The state should pay attention to the regulatory supervision of certification，Especially for the collection specifications of authentication data。The development of certification ability is the ultimate lies in improving the unity of the reliability and standardization of facts，to establish efficiency、The accurate certification system is the target。The reliability of facts refers to the authenticity of collecting and recognition of the facts、Unique degree、Integration; standardized unity refers、The fineness of the specification、Standard uniform。"Strong facts、Strong Norm "is the ultimate goal of the improvement of national certification capabilities。On the eve of the breakthrough of big data and artificial intelligence technology，Bet your social authentication through new technological innovation to strengthen the reliability of facts，and thus form a good interaction with the national certification。The development of malignant authentication is often the lack of uniformity of the specifications of factual data collection: or the formation of "data islands" for "data islands"，or the backwardness of the state's regulation, which causes the facts to collect without standards，or there is a multi -dimensional degree on the facts、Multi -level collection standards，The flood of certification data，Even the capital that led to out of control shaped a "strong facts、Weak Standards "Monitoring Society"。I don’t know，The current smartphone microphone、Camera、Smart speakers have become the destiny door for consumers to complain about privacy violations。"Monitoring Society" is not just Owa's "Big Brother" patent。

　Legal regulation system for authentication data

With the maturity of 5G technology and AI technology，"Internet of Things+Artificial Intelligence" will become the next stage of the development of big data。bet365 Play online games A large number of enterprises are in the field of layout。such as Tmall Elf、Little Love speakers、Apple HomePod、Google Home，I hope to enter the family through the Internet of Things，Collect more data and information，to complete the preference for individual consumers、House、Personality、Precision certification of behavior。So，How to improve the accuracy of corporate certification data，instead of falling into the data property of the enterprise? This requires the establishment of the country、Unified data certification legal system。

At the level of strong norm，State supervision helps to guide social certification services or even transform into national certification to varying degrees。The Telecommunications Regulations of the People's Republic of China in 2000 have stipulated that the concept of "telecommunications" refers to the use of wired、Wireless electromagnetic system or photoelectric system，Transfer、Launch or receiving voice、Text、Data、Activities of images and any other form of information。In essence，The hardware sensing equipment in the current intelligentization of urban areas is "telecommunications" in a wide range of sense。From this，The "Telecom Law" that needs to be introduced urgently will establish a unified certification data collection specification for social certification。Due to network security due to network security，The government has requested that the apps of various enterprises to certify in accordance with the "Mobile Internet Application (APP) Security Certification Rules"，But still limited to the way of voluntary application。The fine and standardized regulatory system will be classified according to the type and method of the facts of the facts，Rulo、Different application scenarios such as facial faces apply different authentication specifications，Balanced efficiency and privacy。The most common authentication device in smartphones and the upcoming urban bet365 live casino games smart hardware，The clarification of its certification specifications is often held on a third -party corporate platform，Lack of government unified supervision and openness and transparency。Although government supervision cannot replace the development of certification technology development，But the certification capacity brought by big data technology will continue to enter the national certification capacity through regulatory channels，The foundation of becoming a data country。

(Author Unit: Institute of Law of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)