Legal principles for the management of infectious disease bet365 games
February 19, 2020 01:38 Source: "Chinese bet365 games Journal" February 19, 2020 Issue 1868 Author: Meng Tao

  Uncertainty for bet365 games,The rule of law requires following three main principles。The first is the principle of efficiency: efficiency is “a race against time”、Race against uncertainty,Control uncertainty as much as possible。In order to achieve efficient governance,The rule of law further requires compliance with two other principles: the principle of unobstructed information and the principle of emergency authorization。The more information people have,The more you know about bet365 games,The greater the certainty of managing bet365 games。Emergency Authorization Principle,Request that frontline managers be given sufficient emergency powers,Assume direct responsibility for mitigating or eliminating bet365 games,The conventional bureaucracy organizational form should also be adjusted accordingly。

The recent outbreak of new coronavirus pneumonia,It has had a great impact on the normal order of our country,It is also a major test of our country’s governance system and governance capabilities。The rule of law is part of governance,Also facing severe tests。In history,Emergency has always been one of the biggest “enemies” of the rule of law。The establishment of the rule of law,Emergency events must be tamed。The old adage “There are no laws in bet365 games”,Invalid in modern countries ruled by law。Manage bet365 games,First of all, we must understand the characteristics of bet365 games,Then we can "prescribe the right medicine",Adjustment of regulations through legal means。

There are many bet365 games in human society,War、Civil unrest、Natural disaster、Infectious Disease、Economic crises are typical manifestations。Emergency events have three origins: man-made、Natural、Man-made + natural。War、Civil unrest、Terrorist attacks are all man-made bet365 games;Earthquake、Typhoon、Floods are natural bet365 games;Mining disaster、Infectious diseases often have natural and man-made factors in common,For example, the original host of an infectious disease may be an animal,Then it infected someone,If protection is not good enough, it will be transmitted to more people。Man-made bet365 games were once the most important bet365 games,It is also the focus of extraordinary legal adjustments,American scholar Clinton Rossiter’s classic book "Constitutional Dictatorship: Crisis Government in Modern Democracies" discusses this type of incident,Nowadays, such bet365 games have been generally tamed by the law。For the latter two types of bet365 games,Technology is an indispensable means of coping for mankind,However,The use of technology must be regulated by law,How to give full play to the role of scientific and technological experts and science and technology,It is a very necessary part of the law regulating these two types of bet365 games。All bet365 games have two major characteristics: one is uncertainty,The second is harmfulness。Uncertainty,Mainly refers to the "suddenness" of bet365 games,People cannot predict or have difficulty predicting when such events will occur,Some bet365 games have more uncertainties,For example, SARS virus and this new coronavirus。The harmfulness is reflected in the harm such events can bring to individuals and society,For example, life is deprived,Property damaged,etc.。These two characteristics of bet365 games,Exactly opposite to the predictability of the rule of law and the protection of rights。

Uncertainty for bet365 games,The rule of law requires following three main principles。The first is the principle of efficiency: identify bet365 games early、Take quick response measures、End the emergency situation as soon as possible。Efficiency is “a race against time”、Race against uncertainty,Control uncertainty as much as possible。In order to achieve efficient governance,The rule of law further requires compliance with two other principles: the principle of unobstructed information and the principle of emergency authorization。Information is very important in emergency management,The more information people have,The more you know about bet365 games,The greater the certainty of managing bet365 games。Emergency Authorization Principle,Request that frontline managers be given sufficient emergency powers,Assume direct responsibility for mitigating or eliminating bet365 games,Second-line, third-line and other rear-line personnel are mainly responsible for support and coordination work;The conventional bureaucracy organizational form should also be adjusted accordingly,To adapt to ever-changing bet365 games。Which institutions and individuals are the front-line managers?,Special conditions dependent on bet365 games,Generally speaking,Administrative agencies and military agencies are often the main front-line governors;In infectious disease bet365 games,Medical institutions and disease prevention and control institutions have become front-line governance entities。The reason for such division of labor,Because the frontline agencies and staff have the earliest information、Maximum,Need to respect their judgment and choice。

Targeting the hazards of bet365 games,The principle of rule of law mainly includes the precautionary principle、The principle of necessity (not the necessary principle in normal law) and the principle of proportionality。The precautionary principle requires taking various effective measures,Prevent the occurrence and expansion of harm,“Nip in the bud” is the highest level of law。The principle of necessity appeared as early as the Middle Ages,Advocates that expediency is allowed during extraordinary times,Requires all necessary measures to reduce or eliminate hazards,Enforcement measures such as isolation。Emergency incidents endanger human lives and social order,These are the basic carriers of human society。In extraordinary times,The central task of the government and society is to deal with bet365 games,Because of bet365 games, “one hair can affect the whole body”。The colorful human behavior under normal circumstances becomes monotonous because of this,Behaviors that are conducive to emergency handling will be allowed,"Special things to do",For example, various "emergency green channels";Behaviors that are not conducive to handling bet365 games will be restricted、Prohibited or punished,For example, gatherings of multiple people are currently not allowed in various places、Wear a mask when taking public transportation。Necessary measures do not mean complete exemption,Should comply with the principle of proportionality (the principle of proportionality in a narrow sense),That is, the necessary measures taken by emergency powers must be proportionate to the purpose they achieve、Don’t go too far。This requires that emergency powers should also be subject to supervision,Those who should be held accountable must be held accountable。In addition,Emergency events will also affect the economy、Causing harm to society and other fields,For example, a contract signed under normal circumstances cannot be performed,This requires the application of legal principles such as force majeure。

The above legal principles are based on mankind’s long-term experience and lessons in fighting various bet365 games,Also applicable to infectious disease bet365 games。The development of infectious disease bet365 games can be divided into three stages: prevention、Disposal and aftermath。For this new coronavirus epidemic,The lesson for us is,Pay attention to the precautionary principle,Attach importance to the smooth flow and disclosure of information,Take efficient measures。For infectious disease bet365 games,The precautionary principle requires more measures,For example, animal epidemic prevention、Public health facilities、Vaccination、Material reserves、Monitoring and early warning,etc.。After the outbreak of the new coronavirus pneumonia,my country’s shortcomings in the prevention of infectious disease bet365 games were suddenly exposed: there is a serious shortage of material reserves for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases,Many hospitals in Hubei and other places have publicly released announcements to the public for help,The shortage of medical protective materials has become the focus of epidemic prevention work、Difficulty、Pain points;The weakness of public facilities in small and medium-sized cities and vast rural areas has also emerged to varying degrees。

Our country is now in the second stage of prevention and control,It is also the most critical moment for epidemic prevention and control。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out,“Epidemic prevention and control is at a critical period,Scientific and orderly prevention and control in accordance with the law is crucial。Epidemic prevention and control is at its most demanding moment,The more we must adhere to prevention and control in accordance with the law,Coordinate and promote various prevention and control work on the track of the rule of law”。Efficiency Principle、Principle of smooth flow of information、Emergency Authorization Principle、Precautionary principle、bet365 games necessity and proportionality,We should pay equal attention to it now,Legislation、Law Enforcement、Justice、Efforts must be made in all aspects of law-abiding。Judging from the current situation,We must not only learn from the lessons of the previous stage,Strictly follow the precautionary principle、Principle of smooth information flow and principle of efficiency,It is also necessary to coordinate the relationship between other principles。Currently,Emergency authorization and various emergency measures receive the most attention,Various blockade measures emerge in endlessly,At this time, we must particularly adhere to the principles of necessity and proportionality,Evaluate various emergency measures,Unnecessary and excessive measures should be canceled in time。Places where the epidemic is not serious,The level of emergency response should be adjusted in a timely manner。Monitoring、Isolation、Treatment,is the key to the current government’s response to the epidemic。Seize this key link,Open society and market in an orderly manner at the same time,It is the basic task at this stage。

(The author is an associate professor at the bet365 games School of Renmin University of China、Researcher at the National Institute of Development and Strategy)

Editor: Zhang Jing
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