The report bet365 bonus code indiana 20th National Congress bet365 bonus code indiana Communist Party of China pointed out: “Carry forward the spirit of socialist rule of law，Inheriting China’s excellent traditional legal culture。"This requires us to study the history of modern law，The absolute leadership bet365 bonus code indiana Communist Party of China in our country’s political and legal affairs must be more highlighted，Better presentation of this arduous and glorious history。

　　One-sided vision of bet365 bonus code indiana and political history paradigm

The term "legal affairs" as opposed to "political affairs" emerged in modern Japan。Since the late Qing Dynasty，Many knowledgeable people have gone to Hosei University to study in the Faculty of Law and Politics，Ru Kong Zhaoshou、Zhu Zhixin、Tang Hualong and others。At the same time，Legal education in China has also mushroomed。For example, 1906，Shandong Governor Yang Shixiang、Lien Jia, the academic envoy, plans to establish Shandong Law and Politics School。Same year，Yuan Shikai, who was engaged in the New Deal, realized that constitutionalism must be implemented，Need a group of legal and political talents who have received specialized new education，Therefore, the Beiyang School of Law and Politics was established in Tianjin，One bet365 bonus code indiana first batch of new government-run law schools in modern times。It is worth mentioning，Li Dazhao, the revolutionary pioneer bet365 bonus code indiana Chinese Communist Party, once studied here，He used this school as a starting point to study political theory、Exploring the truth、Towards revolution。It can be said，The word "fazheng" reflects the great changes in the superstructure field in the late Qing Dynasty，It once impacted China’s old traditions with a completely new look and attitude。

But，In terms of China’s modern political and legal history，The narrative mode is by no means one-line，But polyphonic，It is impossible to summarize it in one word: "Legal and Political History"。Before 1916，Li Dazhao also became interested in British and American legal systems，But after hearing the sound bet365 bonus code indiana October Revolution，That is, a thorough understanding bet365 bonus code indiana nature of class exploitation behind the bourgeois legal system。The essence bet365 bonus code indiana so-called "legal and political history" is the history of political and legal changes led by the bourgeoisie，It attempts to use law to dominate politics or to make law superior to politics。This is seriously out of line with China’s modern historical practice，Not authentic and feasible，It can be described as a kind of historical talk。

　1920s and 1930s，The Kuomintang appears to be neutral in exercising its right to rule on behalf bet365 bonus code indiana country，Pass the enactment bet365 bonus code indiana Civil Code、Promote political discipline and local autonomy and other measures to establish "legal authority"，The reality of exercising autocracy in the name of political training，Practice class exploitation and class oppression。Qu Qiubai, the early leader bet365 bonus code indiana Communist Party of China, once made a sharp contrast between the legal situation in the Soviet area and the White area，“Soviet Movement，That is to hand over the power bet365 bonus code indiana country to the Congress of Workers, Peasants and Soldiers，From urban areas and villages，By local workers、Farmer、Red Army、Other people who do not exploit other people’s labor，Regardless of gender，Everyone must participate in the election with absolute equality，The elected representative assembly is the local government，These urban areas、Village、City、Soviets at all levels in the provinces，Elect representatives again，Convene a congress of all Chinese Soviets，It is the highest sovereign authority in the country，His Central Executive Committee is the central government。…Redistribute land equally，Confiscate all enterprises of foreign capitalists，Implement factory laws that truly protect workers、Labor Law – Eight-Hour Work Day, etc.”，This profoundly exposes the hypocrisy bet365 bonus code indiana Kuomintang’s so-called human rights and “rule of law”。

　The rich connotation of political and bet365 bonus code indiana history

From ancient books，The word "political law" comes from the famous sentence "Those who may violate the rules" in Xun Yue bet365 bonus code indiana Eastern Han Dynasty's "Han Ji·Huidi Ji"，Then bring political and legal measures”，Profound historical roots。In ancient my country, we emphasized both etiquette and law，Etiquette is a social norm，It is law in a broad sense，Also a symbol of politics。Combining etiquette and law，This is a high-level summary bet365 bonus code indiana organic combination of ancient politics and law，Derived from this, Fa An Tian Xia、Follow the law to strengthen the country、The law complies with the people’s will、A series of advanced political and legal concepts such as law as a public instrument。

Although my country’s contemporary political and legal tradition is composed of ancient etiquette and law philosophy、Evolved from the political and criminal categories，But after the baptism of modern revolutionary practice，Has a profound and distinct Marxist imprint。The reason why “politics” and “law” are called together，Because in the early political ideas bet365 bonus code indiana Communist Party of China，“The rule of law” does not occupy the main position，The law cannot escape the constraints and influence of politics。But politics、Law、Ideology and other elements are also important contents bet365 bonus code indiana superstructure，The early leaders bet365 bonus code indiana party did not ignore the important role bet365 bonus code indiana law。In the context of China’s modern revolutionary war，Law often exists as a dictatorship tool that serves politics。Chinese history and people chose the Communist Party of China，It also gives the party the power to use law as a revolutionary tool。The Communist Party of China is a revolutionary party guided by Marxism，Marxism is deeply integrated into our country’s political and legal tradition。Under the guidance of Marxism，Communists give a new interpretation of "politics and law"，For example, in 1926, Xiao Chunv pointed out the word "political law" and its nature: "Under the modern parliamentary system (Democracy)，Humanity is divided into two major classes-capitalists and workers。All politics and law、Religion、Art、Science、Ethical doctrine、Ethical standards，They are all monopolized by the bourgeoisie - the government、Congress、Court、Police、Navy and Army、School、Church、Newsprint，They are all tools they use to suppress workers and all oppressed people。”If the characteristic of law-based governance is to govern by law，Then the characteristic of politics and law is that politics governs law，The word "political and legal" clearly reflects the purpose bet365 bonus code indiana party。As ​​an important part of China’s modern political and legal history，The political and legal theories bet365 bonus code indiana early party leaders were not simply concerned with legal issues，Instead, we examine legal issues within social issues，Closely related to its political views，Contemporary、People’s nature、Theoretical、Practical、Six characteristics including inheritance and creativity。Crawling through these political and legal theories can be found，The early leaders bet365 bonus code indiana party were based on our country’s tradition and national conditions，Mainly about the country、Society and Individual，Rights and Obligations，Many relationships between the country and foreign countries，Carry out political and legal research and analysis，Leaved valuable ideological and theoretical resources，Constitutes an important content of China’s modern political and legal history。

The development bet365 bonus code indiana modern political and legal history bet365 bonus code indiana Communist Party of China，It can be roughly divided into five stages according to the historical interval。The first stage is from the Revolution of 1911 to the founding bet365 bonus code indiana Communist Party of China (1911-1921)，The second stage is from the establishment bet365 bonus code indiana party to the period bet365 bonus code indiana National Revolution (1921-1927)。Read these two paragraphs together，Some members bet365 bonus code indiana early leaders experienced or personally participated in the Revolution of 1911、New Culture Movement、Major historical events such as the National Revolution，Leaves to latecomers a lot of insights into the field of politics and law、Known and Feeling。Early days of establishment，The party approved the launch of labor、Farm、The women’s movement and the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated for the first time to promote political ideas，There have been many innovations in political and legal ideas and systems。The third stage is the period bet365 bonus code indiana Agrarian Revolutionary War (1927-1937)。In Ruijin Central Revolutionary Base Area，Comrade Mao Zedong serves as Chairman bet365 bonus code indiana Provisional Central Government bet365 bonus code indiana Chinese Soviet Republic，From November 1931，Promulgated more than 120 laws and decrees，A relatively complete judicial organization system has been formed，The political-legal relationship at this time is adapted to the needs bet365 bonus code indiana revolutionary war from the perspective of judicial function positioning。The "Outline bet365 bonus code indiana Constitution bet365 bonus code indiana Chinese Soviet Republic" is the prototype bet365 bonus code indiana people's constitution，The principles established by it are inherited by the "Government Program bet365 bonus code indiana Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region", "Constitutional Principles bet365 bonus code indiana Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region", "Common Program bet365 bonus code indiana Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference" and the "May 4th Constitution" of New China。In the white terror area，Qu Qiubai、The debate between Cai Hesen and others and the Kuomintang also reflected the political and legal thoughts of early leaders。The fourth and fifth stages are the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region Government Period (1937-1946) and the Liberation War Period (1946-1949) respectively。During this period，The people’s political power under the leadership bet365 bonus code indiana party has not only formulated a number of laws and decrees，He also created the "Ma Xiwu Trial Method" that applied the mass line and fine traditions to trial work，Its characteristics can be summarized as: "trial on the spot，Informal，In-depth investigation and research，Contact the masses，Solve the problem"。It implemented the principle of equality before the law in the specific practice bet365 bonus code indiana "Huang Kegong Murder Case" that occurred in 1937，Effectively safeguarded the legal system in the border area，Vividly demonstrates the party’s image bet365 bonus code indiana rule of law。

As Comrade Xi Zhongxun pointed out，“Our judicial policy is consistent with political tasks，It is to unite the people，Educate the people，Protect the legitimate rights and interests bet365 bonus code indiana people”。In the revolutionary struggle，The relationship between the party’s laws and power is gradually taking shape，It establishes the leadership bet365 bonus code indiana party，The support bet365 bonus code indiana people is the source of legitimacy，Both legislation and judiciary must serve or be subordinate to the goals pursued by the party for the country and society，Pay special attention to judicial mediation，Strengthening judicial governance functions，Close contact with the masses、Adhere to the mass line，It achieves good social effects、The essential reasons for winning the satisfaction and support bet365 bonus code indiana masses。Political and legal thoughts under the leadership bet365 bonus code indiana party、System and work and other undertakings，Together they form the main content of modern and contemporary political and legal history，The people are the narrative subject of political and legal history。

　　Stick to the main position of bet365 bonus code indiana history research

The modern political and legal categories and theories are the Chinese Communist Party leading the people in creating a new political power、Gradually established in the process bet365 bonus code indiana new legal system，The study of modern Chinese political and legal history should adhere to the standpoint, viewpoint and method of historical materialism。The rule of law by government is one bet365 bonus code indiana important magic weapons for the success of China’s new democratic revolution，Reflects the inevitable law of historical evolution and social development。The shift from "history of law and politics" to "history of politics and law"，Not just an adjustment of word order，What lies behind this is the issue bet365 bonus code indiana right to speak in historical writing，We must uphold and emphasize the absolute leadership bet365 bonus code indiana Communist Party of China over the political and legal undertakings。Although "legal affairs" is an important clue in the study of modern Chinese legal history，But the so-called legal and political history should not obscure the light of political and legal history under the leadership bet365 bonus code indiana party。On the one hand，Need to highlight the political and legal paradigm，Make sure the word "policy" comes first，Reflecting the attributes bet365 bonus code indiana people and the original mission bet365 bonus code indiana party；On the other hand，We can use “law and politics” as a frame of reference for academic research，Prevent one-way emphasis on the profound impact of "politics" on "law"，And ignore the disciplinary function of "law" on "politics"，To demonstrate that the party leads the political and legal cause towards revolutionization、Regularization、Professional exploration process。

In the party’s glorious struggle from its founding to its leadership in establishing New China，Political law is actually a perspective worth exploring。Based on Marxist stance，The political and legal history composed of political and legal theory and practice led by the Communist Party of China should be vigorously studied，To explore the rule of law gene and source of thinking bet365 bonus code indiana Communist Party of China，This is also to fully study the "Four Histories" to strengthen our ideals and beliefs、The necessary requirement to enhance historical consciousness。

(The author is a researcher at the Research Center for the Study of Jinping’s Rule of bet365 bonus code indiana at Shandong University)