Public Services Close Minsheng Guarantee，It is a regulator for social contradictions。Social contradictions are the decisive factor in establishing government functions，Social contradictions at different historical stages are different，Therefore, the institutional arrangement of relevant government functions is staged、response、Political nature and other characteristics。From a legal perspective，The significance of adjusting the government's functions is to use rights as a logical starting point，Define personal、The relationship between society and the country，Clarify government responsibility。"Public Service" is an important government function in modern society，Systematic、Coordination、Stability、The standardized public service system is the inherent needs of Chinese -style modernization。

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With the change of the main contradictions of society，Facing urban and rural areas、The status quo of uneven distribution of public service resources between regions and groups，The 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China clearly clearly "public service" the government function，Then the goal is to achieve "fair and quality" public services，Gradually promote the construction of the relevant system and system。The construction of the system involves three levels of problems: one，How to define the scope of "public service"，How to be scientific、Reasonable evaluation of related factors affecting "public services";，Who will bear the expenditure of "public services"，How to divide the responsibility and supervision responsibility of governments at all levels;，What way to provide public services，How to bet365 Play online games balance public service agencies with different attributes (public and private、profit and non -profit)。The above problems involve definition of the scope of "public service"、Selection of service methods，Formation of the supply system of multiple public services，Classification reform of public institutions that undertake the function of "public service"，Public finance、Clear the responsibility of the central land right and expenditure，and the improvement of specific regulatory measures in the public service field。

other，Balance social conflicts and contradictions、Real -distribution of social resources，is the fundamental task of institutionalization of "public services"。From this also a series of problems -what matters should be included in the public service field，How to improve the ability of "public service"，Can public services be marketized、Industrialization，Whether a profitable legal person can become an organization that provides public services，How to regulate、The institutional environment for improving public services。Cognition of these issues、Answer and processing，Organization and operation rules that are not only related to public services，and reflect the actual state of the social rights of a country citizen。

　　Active and perfect institutional support

Weighing of fairness and efficiency，is the core of my country's public service system reform。Adopting inclusive or remaining welfare system，Establishing a public institution or relying on the market mechanism to provide services，Central Finance is still the liability for public services for local finances，Different options will affect the construction of my country's public service system。And my country's society has the characteristics of inherent diversity，This means that the standards of fairness and efficiency bet365 live casino games must be pragmatic、Dynamic、Phaseral。This trade -off should take the "people's interests first" as the institutional spirit and essence of my country's public services，Based on social contradictions，Response social appeal。

In the early stage of the reform of the public service system，The starting point of the reform is the restructuring of the institution，Marketization、Socialization、Localization is its main content，The purpose is to give institutions autonomy，Performance of improving public services，Reduce the pressure of government fiscal expenditure。From this，my country gradually breaks the single mode of public services provided by the government，Diversified prototype formed by the supply of public services，It is a diversified medical system、The reform of the supply side of public services such as multi -school running system lays the foundation。With the change of the main contradictions of society，Increase efficiency、On the basis of expanding supply, guarantee and improve public services，The universality of realizing basic public services、available and sex、Fairness，It is an important responsibility of governments at all levels at this stage。2011，The central government established the overall planning of publicity -based institutions based on publicity，and use this as a public welfare that breaks through the strengthening service，Gradually promote the improvement of the public service system。On the basis of completing the classification reform of public institutions，"Fourteenth Five -Year Public Service Plan" (hereinafter referred to as "Plan") further established the overall framework of public service classification and classification，Divide public services into two categories: basic and non -basic public services，Gradually promote the construction of institutional Bet365 app download systems such as government power and expenditure responsibilities at all levels。According to "Plan"，Basic public services refer to the welfare level that guarantees the basic nature of the social，Public services provided to all citizens。22 categories，The latest "National Basic Public Service Standards" further refine 9 aspects in the basic public services in the Plan、22 categories、81 service items。

At this stage，Realize equalization of basic public services，It is an important institutional arrangement for the government to maintain social fairness and justice，and enjoying basic public services equally is the basic right of citizens。This means in the basic public service field，The government assumes the responsibility of ensuring the amount and quality of the supply，The implementation method of this responsibility includes directly provided by the government's establishment of public service agencies，and the government formulated a public policy to guide the business subject、Supplementary supply of public welfare institutions。Except for basic public services，Non -basic public services are mainly provided through the market mechanism。To ensure the overall welfare level of society，Need the government to support it、Subsidies and other measures，Inspiration、Guide social forces to actively participate。Therefore，Public policy through formulation，Support public welfare institutions or business entities to increase service supply、Improve service quality，Promoting the inclusive development of non -basic public services in key areas，Ensure for public services to be available，Also the government's responsibility。

other，Finance is the guarantee of public services。In view of the differences in local economic strength，How to reform through the public financial system，Establish the liability bet365 best casino games for expenditure of local governments，Improve the central financial transfer payment system，It is the universality of improving basic public services、available and sex、Key of fairness。For this，2018，The "Reform Plan for the Reform Plan of the Central and Local Power and Expenditure Responsibility of the Central and Local Public Service in the Field of the Basic Public Service" issued by the General Office of the State Council，Including basic public services in the scope of the central and local joint financial issues，Clarified the expenditure responsibility of the central and local governments at all levels; in order to improve the fairness and quality of public services，Payment system by improving the classification division transfer payment system，Increased the efforts of the central fiscal transfer payment of the central government in difficult areas。

Future -oriented specification system

Provided by public services，Rely on the construction of social policy system、The reform of the public fiscal system and the improvement of the diversified supply mechanism。But this does not mean that public services are strategic crisis response products。Positioning policy from the perspective of overall interaction、Law、Standard and other adjustment tools，Contracting past、Facing Future，Unification of openness and stability，It is the inherent requirements of the institutionalization of public service。

On the one hand，The relationship between policies and laws in gradual reform must be clear。System change will inevitably involve games and coordination of various interests，Therefore, the balance of reform and institutional stability is particularly important。For this，The system construction model with Chinese characteristics is through the "administrative trial" exploration experience through legislation，Debug according to the effect Bet365 app download of implementation、Perfect，Until maturity，Finally, the spread exhibition from point -to -face。This gradual model gives the new system for trial and error，not only stimulated the power of reform，Avoid strong social vibration。Compared to the law，Policy has a larger spin space，But to a certain extent, it has led to the iconic nature of public services、Transitional and uncertainty。Therefore，The primary task of institutionalization of public service is the tension between the change of reform and the stability of the system，Specifications and orderly protection of the reform process，To achieve the high -quality development of public services，Social basic rights to protect citizens。

On the other hand，Standardization of governance means。2021，Central Committee of the Communist Party of China、The National Standardization Development Outline issued by the State Council clearly points out，Standards are an important part of my country's basic system，In the process of advancing the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities，Standards play basic、Leading function。Technical support for economic activities and social development，Standards are more specific、Detailed，Therefore, it is the detailed and extension of the law。Specific to the public service field，The latest revised "National Basic Public Service Standards (2023 Edition)" is a service object、Service content、Service Standards、The responsibility for expenditure and the leading responsible department has made clear stipulations。This standard is quantitative public service indicators，Evaluate the level of public service supply at all levels、Basic reference system，It is an important guarantee for the social rights of citizens in the basic public service field。Therefore，bet365 Play online games Maintaining legal integrity、Authoritative at the same time，Embeds the standard into the current institutional system，Standardization of governance means，It is also an important path for the institutionalization of public service。

　(The author is a professor at the School of Political Science and Law of the Capital Normal University)