Facing the current chaos of increasingly rampant cyber crimes，Must be based on respecting public opinion，Targeted solutions to the dilemmas in conviction and sentencing of joint online crimes，Building a solid foundation for bet365 best casino games regulation，Realize the unification of application of bet365 best casino games。

　　There is a dilemma in conviction and bet365 best casino games

The bet365 best casino games normative system built on the basis of common criminal patterns in real society when dealing with joint crimes on the Internet，Encountered a series of difficulties in conviction and sentencing，Mainly including four aspects。

First，The standard for identifying network bet365 best casino games is unclear，Some subjects cannot be held accountable。For example，“Knowing” of other people’s information cyber crimes cannot be determined，The overall determination of the accomplice facts is difficult to ascertain due to the large number of victims or the fact that some people are at large，There is a lag in determining the circumstances of the conviction of Internet bet365 best casino games，Online platforms are rarely held accountable，etc.。

Second，Different regulatory paths，It is common to find different verdicts for the same case。For example，The act of assisting with withdrawals in Internet fraud is convicted of the crime of assisting information network bet365 best casino games activities，Still rely on the traditional accomplice theory to apply the crime，Practical practices are not consistent。

　Third，Divided cases are common，Unclear master-slave relationship。Processing joint network crimes，It is common for the principal to deal with the bet365 best casino games alone without being brought to justice，Perhaps some criminals are being dealt with while others are at large、Separate case handling, etc.，It is often difficult to accurately measure the defendant’s role in joint online crimes。

　Fourth，The sentencing is too light and too heavy，The bet365 best casino games tend to be given lighter sentences。Specifically，Penalty of bet365 best casino games and amount of crime、The determination of the positive relationship of the plot is not accurate enough，Different standards for judging sentencing circumstances，The blurring process is suspected of "assessment and sentencing"，Thus leading to an imbalance in the sentencing of network bet365 best casino games。

　　Improving the theory of bet365 best casino games crime on the Internet

In view of the negative view of bet365 best casino games、The traditional bet365 best casino games theoretical system supported by the principle of modesty and restraint in bet365 best casino games has gradually failed in a dangerous risk society，To effectively combat common cyber crimes，Should be under the guidance of the concept of security bet365 best casino games，Improving the theory of joint crime on the Internet，Consolidate the theoretical foundation of bet365 best casino games regulation。

First, reform the basic theory of joint crime。On the one hand，On the basis of punishment for accomplices，Should return to pure cause theory，Also adopt the theory of minimum subordination，That is, as long as the activities of the accomplice show the direction of infringement of legal interests against the principal offender，There is subordination to the principal offender at the factual level in the causal process of legal interest infringement，The accomplices can be punished。On the other hand，In nature of accomplice，We should take common actions，Understand joint crime as a form of crime in which accomplices use each other's behavior to achieve their own bet365 best casino games purposes，To meet the needs of separate convictions for different participants in joint online crimes。

The second is to revise the theory of joint bet365 best casino games intent。First，Weaken the accomplice’s intention to contact the request，Accomplices are not required to have precise knowledge of the identities of other participants，Even if some accomplices cannot be identified，It also does not affect the identification of joint crimes。Secondly，Does not require meaningful communication between accomplices and other persons involved in the same crime，Especially among cybercriminal groups，As long as you realize that you are using each other with each other、Just complete the crime together。Last，No direct communication between participants is required，As long as the joint behavior is not necessarily intentional。Accordingly，The network technology service provider argued that he did not know that others were committing crimes，Can be rebutted by judicial presumption。

The third is to supplement the theory of cyber crime subjects。Based on the theory of accomplices at the illegal level，Accomplices without accomplices or principal offenders without accomplices can be imputed。Therefore，A helpful network service provider，A typed bet365 best casino games liability system should be constructed，That is, based on service type standards，Supplemented by standards of service objects and service methods，Divide it into "those who provide services for their own information" and those who include network access service providers、Network information positioning service provider、Network storage service provider、“Providers of information services for others” including network platform service providers。According to their own ability to control network information、Closeness to illegal network users and possible role in maintaining network order，Establish a reasonable structure、Organized obligation system，And then clarify its possible accomplice liability、The accomplice’s responsibility becomes the principal offender’s responsibility or the inaction is the principal offender’s responsibility boundary。

The fourth is to improve the sentencing theory of network accomplices。Establishing conviction and sentencing standards with Internet characteristics，Is the primary way to solve the uneven sentencing of Internet accomplices。Therefore，Quantitative standards rich in network characteristics should be introduced，Further clarify the impact of relevant circumstances on sentencing。Issues regarding the determination of amounts for the conviction and sentencing of Internet accomplices，It is necessary to establish the amount of participation as the criterion for conviction、The mechanism based on the amount of stolen goods as the sentencing standard。At the same time，The diversity of online accomplice forms breaks the general understanding of the relationship between the form of accomplice participation and the degree of social harm，Internet accomplices do not necessarily need to be recognized as accomplices，No need for lenient punishments。In addition，For situations that often occur in practice where some perpetrators are not brought to justice or are dealt with in separate cases，Can learn from the UK、United States、France、The "equal punishment model" of the bet365 best casino games laws of Italy and other countries，Facts ascertained by the judge、Methods and extent of bet365 best casino games involvement，Determine the bet365 best casino games liability of each participant in detail。

What needs to be emphasized is，Public opinion is sometimes irrational，So while respecting public opinion and strengthening the crackdown on online accomplices，We should also moderately guide public opinion，Adhere to the principle of statutory punishment，Giving new connotation to the principle of modesty in bet365 best casino games，Repeated evaluation is prohibited，Reasonably weigh interests。Accordingly，Technical assistance for network service providers，The legitimacy of its daily business and the prioritization of criminal intent should be taken into consideration，Appropriate leniency in conviction and sentencing，To achieve a balance between cybercrime governance and Internet innovation and development。

　Achieve unification of application of bet365 best casino games

In view of the current situation of multiple regulatory paths for cyber accomplices in my country，And the resulting arbitrary application of justice、Issues such as violation of basic principles of bet365 best casino games，The bet365 best casino games regulatory system for network joint crimes should be reconstructed，To achieve uniform application of law。

First，Clear the principles of bet365 best casino games governing joint crimes on the Internet。The first is the principle of judicial priority and legislative follow-up。That is, the regulation of network accomplices should be given priority from the judicial level，Legislation is the last resort。When it is difficult to achieve the purpose of cybercrime criminal policy only through the modification of traditional accomplice theory and the interpretation of sub-provisions，This constitutes the real logical starting point for legislative improvement。The second is the principle of avoiding penalty gaps。Don’t try to completely draw the lines between different regulatory pathways，Because this is likely to create a penalty gap。Since different regulatory paths have their own value，We should face up to the possible competition and cooperation between various paths。The third is the principle of reasonableness of sentencing。The theory of competition and cooperation，Implement the punishment of one felony，This can solve the problem of bet365 best casino games application when different paths intersect。However，This will not only bring significant criminal legal risks to the business activities of network service providers，Restricting innovative development in the field of information networks，And it may lead to the liability of technical assistance crimes that do not play an important role in joint crimes on the Internet being heavier than the liability of principal crimes，So when choosing sentencing rules，It is not appropriate to pursue the effect of severe punishment indiscriminately。

Secondly，Establish the level of bet365 best casino games regulation for joint online crimes。Based on my country’s current bet365 best casino games，Regulation of joint crimes on the Internet，The "accomplice path should be the main one"、Other paths are supplementary” regulatory order。Because other paths except the accomplice path are within the applicable scope，has obvious limitations，Apply the principle of joint crime for punishment，It is easier to adapt the punishment to the crime。And，The so-called accomplice path introduced by the legislation is not worthy of the name，The principle of accomplice subordination has not been completely broken through，The punishment of the accomplice is still dependent on the punishability of the principal offender to a certain extent。

　Finally，Refining bet365 best casino games regulation methods for joint crimes on the Internet。To correct the phenomenon of judicial alienation of joint crimes on the Internet，The relevant provisions of the sub-rules should also be re-interpreted，To ensure the coordination and unity of bet365 best casino games functions。First, restrict the identification of the crime of assisting information network criminal activities，Limit this crime to specialized network information technology assistance that loses business neutrality and is directly related to the principal offender。The second is to properly apply the competing provisions，For specifically helping with sexual behavior，You can choose a felony punishment between the principal crime committed and the crime of assisting information network criminal activities；For non-specific helping behaviors，Constitute an accomplice with the perpetrator，Thus avoiding the inversion of punishment for principal and accessory crimes。The third is to clarify the boundaries between liability for omission and liability for accomplices，Contributing to cybercrime accomplices in the form of omission，It is not appropriate to be convicted of the crime of assisting information network criminal activities。The reason is，Inaction is a lower form of behavior than action，Furthermore, it is a crime of inaction to protect important information network management order and other legal interests，On the basis of clarifying the obligations of its guarantor，The criminal liability for his omission as the principal offender can be directly investigated。

　　(The author is an associate professor at the bet365 best casino games School of Central China Normal University)