According to the sixth evaluation report of the Special Committee (IPCC) and "Special Report of the Marine and Frozen Circle in Climate Change"，In the next century，Antarctica will continue to heat up，Southwest polar ice sheet can be partial or all unrink，As a result of the sea level rising several meters。The sea ice around the Antarctic area drops rapidly，White ice and snow on the surface is replaced by dark ocean or land。Antarctic cold source weakened，It is bound to have a significant impact on the climate and environment of the entire earth and the environment.。Around related issues，This reporter interviewed Glacier scholars、Professor Martin Siegert, Vice President of the University of Ekatet University, and Researcher Wei Ting at the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences。

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"Journal of Chinese Social Sciences": What impact will Antarctic climate change have on the earth?

Wei Ting: The reason why Antarctica is important，On the one hand, because the surface of the Antarctic is covered with the largest ice lid on the earth，Antarctic Ice Link If all of it，The global sea level will rise by about 58 meters; on the other hand, because Antarctica is the cold source of the earth，It is an important regulator of the global climate。Along with global warming and warming Antarctica，In recent years，Antarctic extreme weather incident frequently，Repeated records of temperature。such as，February 6, 2020，Antarctic Peninsula Espena Said Station observed extreme high temperature at 18.3 ℃，Create the highest record since the entire Antarctic Observation。March 2022，Antarctica has the strongest explosive temperature increase ever recorded in the Antarctica，The temperature of the Condidia Station in the Antarctic inland increased by 49 ° C，reached -12.2 ℃ on March 18。These extreme warm events in Antarctica will affect the morphological structure of Antarctic Ice Shelf，Especially when the temperature reaches the fusion point and the extremely warm state is maintained for a long time，will cause the collapse of the Antarctic ice shelf，Causes rising global sea level。

"China Social Sciences": In recent years，What are the extreme weather incidents that occur in Antarctica?

Sigte: Global heat waves come one after another，Antarctica is not spared。2022 The largest heat waves since the record of the Antarctica experience in the Antarctica，If it did not happen in March，Instead, it occurs in other seasons slightly warmer than winter，It will cause the melting Bet365 app download of the ice cover of the Central Anti -Antarctica。Although this is not necessarily a threat to the ice cover，But at least indicate，Our earth is experiencing dramas。Another incident that attracted much attention in 2023 is，The sea ice near the Antarctica has become less。Sea Ice is the extremely thin ice layer floating on the ocean，The amount of ice in the sea ice is slightly insignificant，will not cause sea level to rise。But the most important function of sea ice is to reflect the solar radiation back to space。Snow and Bing is a very bright surface。So，Ocean surface covered by sea ice will reflect the sun on the sea，Earth will not warmer because of this。If there is no sea ice，The ocean becomes the surface of darkness，and the heat from the sun will be absorbed，Further leads to the heating of the earth。So，In the polar region，Especially the Antarctic and the Arctic，Sea Ice is indispensable for balanced earth temperature。The more sea ice，The more you can cool down the earth; the sea ice is reduced，Antarctica will make the earth warmer。The amount of ice in the South Greater Ocean Ice that we observed last year was much more than the past 150 years.。This is a chain reaction: less sea ice leads to the addition of additional heat，So that the sea ice cannot be regenerated in the coming winter，Further warming the earth。

There are countless examples of extreme weather events。Another example，100 years ago, people would not see the rain in the Antarctica，And now this unprecedented wonders also appear on the Antarctic Peninsula。The maximum temperature recorded by the Antarctic Peninsula exceeds 18 ° C。These extremely serious extreme weather events will affect the entire earth。

　　"Arctic amplification effect" cannot be underestimated

Journal of China Social Sciences: What are the evolution characteristics of the surface material balance of Greenland Ice Cjat? How can these events help us understand the overall mode and trend of the dynamic dynamic ice sheet?

Wei Ting: Greenland Island is the largest island on the earth，​​About 85%of the surface covers ice。Greenland Ice Cry is the second largest ice sheet on the earth after Antarctic Ice Link，If Greenland island ice cap is all abundant，Global sea level will rise about 7 meters。In recent years，Arctic extreme warm incident presents strong exits and frequent situations，At the same time，Greenland Ice Clatage occurred several extreme ablation events。2012 summer，The abnormal heating of Greenland Island caused 96%of the surface of the ice sheet，Greenland's surface reverse photos hit the lowest record of history。2019 Summer Greenland Island another extreme warm event，About 90%of the surface of the ice sheet occurs ablation。August 14, 2021，Greenland bet365 live casino games Island Ice Cjid's highest point in the center of the ice cover observes the first rainfall since the record，At the same time, the highest point temperature lasts about 9 hours to stay above the freezing point。This warm incident with the rainfall process caused extreme ablation on the surface of Greenland's ice cover，Since its own satellite records, the second time has more than 800,000 square kilometers for the second time，The Glacier River flow in late August set the highest record since 2006。July 2022，Rare high temperature appears in the Arctic Circle，The temperature rose to 32.5 ℃，Greenland Ice Link accelerates melting，Daily discharge volume up to 6 billion tons; at the same time，High -temperature heat wave swept the world，European and American and many Asian countries encounter continuous high temperature weather。

Greenland Island is located in the Arctic Circle，The heating rate of the North Pole has exceeded 4 times the global average in recent years，Known as the "Arctic amplification effect"，Therefore, Greenland is also one of the fastest regions in the world。other，Snowfall on Greenland is increasingly being replaced by rainfall。Snowfall helps the accumulation of ice sheet，and rainfall exactly the opposite，It will promote the ablation of the surface of the ice sheet。Research results of our research based on Greenland's observation data and numerical mode found，In the past 60 years, especially since 1990，The extreme ablation incident on the surface of Greenland Ice Cucklings is strong、Frequent situation，Especially the maximum increase in extreme ablation events in the southwestern part of Greenland is the largest。

　　International cooperation is far away

Journal of China Social Sciences: What role does international agreements such as the Antarctic Treaty play a role in responding to climate change?

Sigte: Coping climate change is the core issue of Antarctica governance。Antarctica does not belong to anyone，Its governance is performed through the Antarctic treaty system，The Antarctic Research Science Committee (SCAR) plays an important role。56 countries signed the Antarctic Treaty，Promise to fully protect the Antarctic environment。The word "comprehensive" is very important here，Because its subtext is "covering everything"，The question is exactly here。If the Antarctic and elsewhere on the earth are split，What happened elsewhere will not affect Antarctica，So it can be said that "Antarctic Treaty" and "Antarctica Treaty Protocol on Environmental Protection" only applies to activities carried out in Antarctica。If so，These protocols have no meaning anymore。But the Antarctic and other places are not split，Incidents that occur on the outside world will Bet365 app download affect Antarctica。The way to interpret the protocol is very important，Because someone questioned，Activities in the region north of 60 degrees south latitude will also affect the environment of Antarctica，How can the environmental protocol about Antarctic only applies to activities south of the South latitude? therefore，If countries carefully fulfill their promises to protect the Antarctica，It must be regarded as a global problem，The direct impact of greenhouse gas on Antarctica must be seen。

"China Social Sciences": in the field of Antarctica Climate Science，4526_4546

Wei Ting: Since 1980，More than 30 countries around the world have established more than 200 personnel and automatic weather observation stations in Antarctica。February 7, 2024，China Antarctic Qinling Station was built and put into use in the fifth scientific station built by my country in Antarctica。This can be seen，Antarctica is an important place for global scientists for competition and cooperation，Scientists in various countries have carried out their own scientific research，Covering the face is very wide，Including meteorological observation、Marine Observation、Mineral Resources、Mineral Resources、marine life、astronomy、Biological diversity and many fields。As far as I know，Chinese and foreign researchers' cooperation in Antarctica includes data sharing、United Science Experiment，and use the joint project to carry out the change of Antarctic ice sheet、Antarctic climate change mechanism、Research and cooperation in Antarctica Carbon Library。

The Antarctic Research Science Committee launched the 8-year "Ant-ICON Plan" in 2021，Research themes including the impact of the impact and risk of predicting climate change on the critical point of the Antarctic system，It aims to widely explore the role of Antarctic in the earth system through scientific research and international cooperation and the impact of global climate change on Antarctic。This has proposed new cooperation opportunities and challenges for Antarctic scientific research。and the United States、Russia、Australia and other ge -power power comparison，There is still a gap in my country's polar scientific and technological innovation level，Increased the top -level design and planning layout of polar science and technology、Return to the ability of polar scientific research ability。

"China Social Sciences": How can Antarctic extreme weather ever highlight the urgency of the net zero emissions of greenhouse gas in 2050?

Sigte: Antarctica plays a role in cooling the earth，If we do not protect Antarctica，will accelerate global warming，Advanced climate disaster。other，Once the ice stored in the ice cover is melted，It is no longer the ice that floats and covers the sea。The huge ice volume of Antarctica into the Bet365 lotto review ocean will cause the global sea level to rise by nearly 60 meters。Global sea level rising 1 or 2 meters will bring severe challenges to coastal cities，Effect on the life of about 1 billion people，Make the public being forced to relocate。If the sea level rises by 1 meter or 2 meters in the next century，It will seriously threaten human civilization。As long as we reduce the amount of greenhouse gas emissions as soon as possible to net zero，This situation will not happen。Otherwise，Antarctica will fall into a dangerous situation。The rise of the sea level will no longer be a problem of centimeter level，Instead, it will increase in an unstoppable manner，and continue for several centuries。If emission is not reduced，We will leave difficult problems for human beings in the next few centuries。

　　Graduation of Polar Science Examination

"China Social Sciences": What role does scientific research play in response to the challenge of the Antarctic environment? What actions can individuals and countries take?

Sigte: Antarctic research is special。Previous，Many scientists are driven by curiosity，Pure land full of adventurous and mysteriousness in Antarctica。and now，Antarctic research has a new meaning，The importance of its entire world。Scientists strive to seek scientific research，But more importantly,，Tell everyone for new discoveries，It is meaningless to keep it alone in your heart。Of course，In addition to closely linked to climate change issues，Another important thing about Antarctica is that it is，Antarctica is the place where the earth should be maintained as the most original without being destroyed as possible。Scientists have observed，The changes in Antarctica will affect the most remote region in the world。They must tell the public，The current lifestyle on the earth is hurting every corner of the earth，Among them, it also includes the beautiful continent of Antarctica。

"Journal of Social Sciences of China": In Antarctic Science Investigation，What advanced technologies and methods do China have used the trend of monitoring and study climate change?

Wei Ting: Bad the polar environment、Data scarcity，Observation data obtaining first -hand observation is the prerequisite for developing polar scientific research。The China Institute of Meteorological Sciences I work has continued to participate in the past North and South Pole Science Investigation since 1985，Construction of more than 25 observation stations in the scarcity area of ​​polar data，Quantity ranked second in the world。Among them, the Great Wall Meteorological Station in Antarctica、Zhongshan Meteorological Observatory、Taishan Meteorological Station、Kunlun Meteorological Station and Roos Sea Meteorological bet365 live casino games Station become the national basic business station，It is an important part of the "Global Observation" strategy of the China Meteorological Administration，It played an important role in the preparation of the Antarctic Climate Center of the World Meteorological Organization.。other，The Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences also actively conducts a comprehensive observation test of Antarctica atmosphere，Sending staff to advance into the inland ice cap of the Antarctica for scientific investigation，Successfully installed unmanned stations in the inland areas with extremely harsh environment，A self -developed unmanned atmospheric environment observation system is set up on Taishan Station。

The special environment of the Antarctic also puts forward huge challenges to our meteorological observation equipment。For this，A generation of scientists at the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences has always been committed to the research and development of extreme environmental monitoring and detection technology。such as，The ultra -low temperature observation system independently developed by the Chinese Institute of Meteorological Sciences，Realized low temperature in Antarctica、continuous stable observations in extreme environments such as strong wind。In terms of the development of polar data products，We based on the first -hand observation information obtained by autonomous，Carry out data quality control，The development of the near -ground meteorological element product of the automatic meteorological station like the PANDA automatic meteorological station、The highest point of Antarctic Ice Cucklings DOME A area temperature remote sensing products、Antarctic Great Wall Station radiation remote sensing product、Antarctic extreme index product, etc.。other，Chinese Institute of Meteorological Sciences also carried out long -term research on Antarctic Extreme Event。For example, 2019，We took the lead in conducting research in the international extreme weather incident internationally，2022 Antarctic Explosive Warm Incident，The process and mechanism of the process and mechanism for this extreme event were launched as soon as possible。

"China Social Sciences": You explored in the paper，Due to the limited direct observation conditions of the ice cavity under the ice shelf，A numerical marine model can be used for research。Please explain briefly。

Sigte: A key area that affects the changes in Antarctica is located in the land ice sheet、Ocean and huge floating ice cubes flowing into the ocean from the Antarctic continent。This is the place where the ice is melted most of the time，and caused the ice sheet back to retreat。melting occurs under ice，It is caused by ocean heat rather than atmospheric calories，Observation through satellite bet365 live casino games can be seen，The ice surface gradually sinks due to melting。

but，It is difficult for us to observe the ice cavity under the ice shelf，Ocean cave located under the ice。It is difficult，Mainly because this area is usually hundreds of kilometers away from the Gonghai Sea，and its surface is covered with ice gap，It's hard to approach。It is difficult to do any job in the area，The most important part of the ice cover system is the most difficult part of Antarctic research and lack of understanding。So，We need to use the model to understand the activity under the ice cavity。The model we have always used is not good，But they are limited by model resolution and marine depth data。Firedrake model's role is to introduce a more accurate、New modeling method with higher resolution。This model requires a lot of calculation time，This is its disadvantage。But in the future, with the improvement and improvement of computing power，Models like Firedrake will have a better effect。So，We can foresee that in the next 10-20 years，This model will help us understand the complex system of Antarctica。