On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China，It is of great significance to review the historical development of my country’s disaster and emergency bet365 best casino games system。The overall characteristics are，Based on the gradual evolution of the institutional framework of department professional classified bet365 best casino games，Continuously promote cross-disaster types、Cross-department、Comprehensive coordination across stages and regions。

　　Step One: Integrated Disaster bet365 best casino games

The early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China，Subject to the level of economic and social development，The types of disasters are relatively simple，Mainly concentrated on floods and droughts、Flood、Earthquakes and other natural disasters。The party and the government gradually established the Ministry of Agriculture、Weather Bureau、Seismological Bureau、Ministry of Water Resources、Ocean Affairs Bureau、Forestry Department、Professional disaster reduction agencies such as the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources。The core of disaster bet365 best casino games is natural disaster relief，Pay attention to the "disaster resistance" and "disaster relief" aspects after the disaster。The central government is the only responsible entity for disaster relief，In charge of disaster relief work，A highly centralized disaster bet365 best casino games system has been formed with “the whole country looks to the central government”。

In order to actively respond to the call of the 42nd United Nations General Assembly Resolution No. 169 "International Decade for Natural bet365 best casino games Reduction"，April 1989，The Chinese government established the China International Decade Committee for bet365 best casino games Reduction。October 2000，China International Decade Committee for bet365 best casino games Reduction changed its name to China International Committee for bet365 best casino games Reduction。April 2005，The China International bet365 best casino games Reduction Committee was renamed the National bet365 best casino games Reduction Committee again。The National bet365 best casino games Reduction Committee is an inter-ministerial coordination agency under the leadership of the State Council，By 34 national ministries、Commission、Bureau、Composition of military and social groups，The office is located in the Ministry of Civil Affairs。

The concept of comprehensive disaster reduction is mainly reflected in: first，The bet365 best casino games idea with "disaster relief" as the core turns to disaster reduction、Disaster Prevention、Combining disaster prevention and relief，Guiding ideology focusing on prevention。Secondly，Recognize that disasters are a combination of social attributes and natural attributes，The relationship between disaster bet365 best casino games and social system interaction is more clearly understood。Again，Form a comprehensive understanding of the seven major categories of natural disasters and their interrelationships，Disaster bet365 best casino games is a comprehensive work。Last，The government’s understanding of the nature of disaster bet365 best casino games functions has also changed。

The innovation of the comprehensive disaster bet365 best casino games system is led by the China International Decade Committee for Disaster Reduction，The Ministry of Civil Affairs is the competent authority，Comprehensive coordination system for disaster relief and disaster relief that is closely coordinated by various departments of the State Council。its bet365 best casino games functions，At the same time, it plays the role of a comprehensive coordination mechanism。The Disaster Reduction Committee is a committee led by the State Council、An inter-ministerial coordination agency with the civil affairs department as the main body，Members include all national ministries and commissions related to disasters。Responsible for coordinating major national disaster reduction actions and guiding local disaster reduction activities，Assume external liaison and related coordination tasks for disaster bet365 best casino games。

From the perspective of institutional tools，From political mobilization relying on experience to modern bet365 best casino games methods based on science。Disaster reduction is included as an area in Agenda 21，In line with the country’s “Ninth Five-Year Plan” and long-term economic and social development plan，Provide top-level design and institutional guarantee for comprehensive disaster reduction。

　　Step Two: Comprehensive Emergency bet365 best casino games

Entering the new century，Comprehensive emergency bet365 best casino games system innovation further improves and enriches China’s modern administrative bet365 best casino games system。Combining the construction of emergency bet365 best casino games system with accelerating government bet365 best casino games innovation，Integrating emergency bet365 best casino games into the construction of service-oriented government，In the event of an interruption in continuity of bet365 best casino games and services，Connecting government work through emergency systems，Improving the government’s ability to adapt to changes in the external environment。October 2003，The Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee、The Fourth Plenary Session of the Central Committee、The Sixth Plenary Session of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China basically completed the blueprint design work of my country’s emergency bet365 best casino games system framework。Guided by the concept of comprehensive emergency bet365 best casino games，Gradually forming "all disaster species in the object"、The whole process、Structurally characterized by "multiple subjects"，With "one case, three systems" (emergency plan、Emergency system、Emergency mechanism、Emergency legal system) as the framework of the comprehensive emergency bet365 best casino games system。

At the institutional level，China has moved from the comprehensive disaster prevention and reduction stage to the comprehensive emergency bet365 best casino games stage，Establish "unified leadership of the country"、Comprehensive coordination、Category bet365 best casino games、Grade responsible、An emergency bet365 best casino games system that focuses on territorial bet365 best casino games”。All departments of the State Council and local governments at all levels serve as the administrative entities for emergency bet365 best casino games of emergencies，The whole process of unified bet365 best casino games of four major types of events that were previously divided into different departments，Form an institutional arrangement of “unified leadership”，Improved the authority and importance of emergency bet365 best casino games work。

Since 2003，Our country has gradually formed a government emergency bet365 best casino games office to focus on the overall situation，The "virtual and real" emergency coordination mechanism coordinated by the discussion coordination body and the inter-department joint meeting。Starting in 2008，Our country has focused on strengthening regional cooperation、Between departments、Between strips、Connection between military and civilian areas，Promote the transformation of emergency coordination from a mandatory model that relied on administrative orders to an autonomous model that relied on voluntary action。The streamlining and standardization of the deliberative and coordination bodies were integrally incorporated into the institutional reform of the State Council in 2003 and 2008。Among them，The inter-department joint meeting system led by the sponsoring department for consultation has developed rapidly，Becomes a new working mechanism for communication and coordination among various departments。

Emergency plan as an important tool for comprehensive emergency bet365 best casino games system innovation，is the carrier of emergency concept，Clearly stipulated the system and mechanism。Since 2003 to 2005，Our country has basically established an overall emergency plan、Special emergency plan、Department emergency plan、Local emergency plan、Five-level "vertical to bottom" emergency plans for enterprises and institutions、Horizontal to edge” emergency plan system。The construction of the emergency bet365 best casino games work platform is also an outstanding manifestation of the innovation of emergency bet365 best casino games tools during this period。

　Step Three: Public bet365 best casino games Governance

Since 2012，Under the guidance of the overall national security concept，Public security governance system innovation has become an important part of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capabilities。April 15, 2014，General Secretary Xi Jinping presided over the first meeting of the Central National Security Commission，Strategic decision-making that proposes an overall national security concept。The overall national security concept emphasizes the need to coordinate external security and internal security、Homeland Security and National Security、Traditional security and non-traditional security、Self security and common security。In essence，The overall national security concept emphasizes understanding the intricacies with holistic thinking、Various security relationships that are interdependent and coordinated。It shifts the focus of bet365 best casino games from post-processing to risk bet365 best casino games，Laid the basic framework for public security governance。

Public safety is an important part of national security，Emergency bet365 best casino games is an important part of public safety governance。Emergency bet365 best casino games not only serves public safety，Also serving national security。In the process of transformation from comprehensive emergency bet365 best casino games to public safety governance，The core is reflected in the three-dimensional public security governance system that shifts from controlled emergency bet365 best casino games to network-structured co-governance、From focusing on post-event response to a full-process public security governance system based on risk governance，Attempting to build risk、Integration of safety and emergency，Construct coverage beforehand、The incident、In progress、The whole process after the event，Form source governance、Dynamic bet365 best casino games、Public safety governance system combined with emergency response。

The reform of party and state institutions in 2018 marks the beginning of the country’s systematic reconstruction of the emergency bet365 best casino games system，To coordinate、Optimization、Reorganize and improve various functions in the field of emergency bet365 best casino games based on scientific principles。Emergency bet365 best casino games function changes from abnormal to normal，Attempting to establish a strong core department to lead in each of the four major categories of events，Emergency bet365 best casino games system coordinated by all parties。The direction of comprehensive reform is always to maximize overall planning and coordination capabilities。Emergency bet365 best casino games Department、Health Committee、The Ministry of Public Security forms the core of the three major agencies of big government emergency bet365 best casino games，A multi-agent collaborative network organized with the Emergency bet365 best casino games Department as the lead organization。

The Central National Security Commission serves as a high-level decision-making and deliberative coordination body，Can mobilize the party、Political、The power of the military and the whole society，Form a combined force，Work together to respond to major and particularly major events that endanger national security。Article 49 of the new "National Security Law" stipulates: "The state establishes a relationship between the central and local governments、Between departments、Coordinated linkage mechanism between military and civilian areas and between regions regarding national security。”The Central National Security Commission can be the ultimate guarantee for emergency coordination in emergencies。The emergency bet365 best casino games department strengthens the overall guidance and comprehensive coordination functions of disaster reduction committees and their offices at all levels，Give full play to the prevention, deployment and emergency command functions of major disaster prevention, reduction, and relief command institutions，Establish a departmental linkage mechanism。This period，Use the Internet of Things、Internet+、Cloud computing、Big data and other new technologies improve and innovate emergency bet365 best casino games tools，From the multi-door style of decentralized departments in the past to the integration on the first floor，Then to the construction of a unified and shared data platform，Will further strengthen risk bet365 best casino games capabilities and promote the implementation of comprehensive emergency coordination functions。

70th anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China，my country’s emergency bet365 best casino games level has developed rapidly。Three institutional innovations in the fields of "disaster", "emergency" and "safety"，A qualitative leap from concept to tool，Every institutional innovation is developed on the basis of the previous one。Since the late 1980s，Proposed the concept of “disaster reduction” in the field of disaster bet365 best casino games，Transformation from traditional disaster relief work to modern disaster bet365 best casino games work。Since 2012，Emergency bet365 best casino games guided by the overall national security concept to achieve normalized bet365 best casino games。Based on the realistic foundation of economic and social development，Innovation and optimization of emergency bet365 best casino games system to save people’s lives and property、Guarantee social stability and development、Improving the efficiency and quality of government services at all levels，And provide the basic guarantee for improving the party’s leadership level and governance level。

(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund’s major project “Research on National Governance Modernization and Administrative bet365 best casino games System Innovation” (17ZDA105)

(Author’s affiliation: School of Public Administration, Renmin University of bet365 best casino games；bet365 best casino games Administration Society)