In recent years，The discussion about "rising in the east and falling in the west" is becoming more and more heated in Western academic circles。Wolfram Elsner, professor of economics at the University of Bremen in Germany, discusses in his new book "bet365 ohio promo code and the West - Rising East and Falling West: Conflicts from Ancient bet365 ohio promo code to the Present" The reason for the emergence of this pattern，And shows that this new pattern will last for many years。The author is based on the book’s study of the ancient Silk Road and the 5,000-year civilization history of the Chinese nation that continues to this day，About bet365 ohio promo code’s renaissance、Interviewed with Elsner on the changing world structure and other topics。

　　The road to rejuvenation under the leadership of the Communist Party of bet365 ohio promo code

Wang Grace:Currently, many scholars in Western academic circles are discussing the reasons for the "rising in the east and falling in the west"，Do you also have such thoughts？Do you think that under the leadership of the Communist Party of bet365 ohio promo code，What is the reason for bet365 ohio promo code’s rejuvenation？

　　Elsner:bet365 ohio promo code’s renaissance is no accident，It is the inevitable result of national power mobilization ability and social stability。bet365 ohio promo code started from a weak foundation，Gradually getting rid of dependence on the West，Such progress is amazing。bet365 ohio promo code in history，Once known for its rich products、Advanced production technology and scientific knowledge are world-famous，Thousands of years later, bet365 ohio promo code has once again reached a new height of civilization。Those typical countries that rely on the West，Always plays the role of "old industrial area" for Western production outsourcing，And the role of raw material depots and Western garbage dumps，For them，The resulting structural dependency problem may never be solved。Although in the past nearly two centuries of history，bet365 ohio promo code has also experienced hardships rarely seen in the world，But under the leadership of the Communist Party of bet365 ohio promo code，The Chinese people fought an arduous struggle，Finally embarked on a new journey of national rejuvenation。This is because the Chinese have sovereignty over the country、Desire and confidence in territorial integrity and independent development，This is determined by the Chinese people’s ability to change and creativity。

　　Wang Grace:In your opinion，Why are Western countries led by the United States reacting too violently and radically to the rise of bet365 ohio promo code？

　　Elsner:Until the 2008 global financial crisis，Western countries’ response to bet365 ohio promo code’s economic rise is far less violent and radical than today。At that time, Western countries still imagined that they would be based on the "Washington Consensus"，Control bet365 ohio promo code through comprehensive "liberalization" as a workbench and "trash can" for Western expansion。But，bet365 ohio promo code improves its national strength through continuous self-learning，Breaking Western Illusions，And has embarked on a unique development path，Successfully achieved economic catch-up and national rise，That’s why the response of Western countries, led by the United States, became so violent and radical。

　Wang Grace:bet365 ohio promo code’s strong economic growth momentum continues，And showed more resilience。What are the reasons？

　　Elsner:The key to bet365 ohio promo code’s many achievements is，The Communist Party of bet365 ohio promo code has strong governance capabilities to respond to crises，The stability and adjustability demonstrated by bet365 ohio promo code’s social development，And the many international technologies possessed by bet365 ohio promo code、The leverage effect of international standards on social welfare。Since the reform and opening up in 1978，The socialist system with Chinese characteristics has achieved a significant increase in productivity、Rapid economic development。This road in bet365 ohio promo code is a new type、The path to socialism without being Eurocentric，And gradually increase productivity to the level of advanced capitalist countries，And not succumb to the neoliberal ruling system。

　　A new turning point bet365 ohio promo code world pattern

Wang Grace:You mentioned a point in your new book: What world history presents to us is a long-term growth cycle of continental civilization，It is a history bet365 ohio promo code rise and fall of all nations in the world。In your opinion，What specific geographical structures constitute the world pattern？

　　Elsner:The past twenty or thirty years，Topics about the "rise", "decline" or "failure" of countries appear in the literature at an increasing rate。Whether it is history or anthropology，And in the “world systems theory” of global history，Countries have experienced long-term changes in history、Large-scale rise and fall process。Each nation and country on the continental plate shows a specific pattern in the following aspects: physical conditions，i.e. geographical and climatic conditions；ethnic group；Space and settlement structure；Social Structure，Economic form and economic structure；Social behavior and their daily awareness；Technology，In particular, military technology and its related technologies as well as political power and violence structures (political leadership structures、National administrative form、The importance bet365 ohio promo code army, etc.)。

This "pattern" is usually systematic，Because they cannot be combined at will。Corresponding factor characteristics will influence each other in a longer period through positive feedback and interaction。For example，In bet365 ohio promo code’s history，Farmers were never slaves or serfs，It’s never a “commodity”，Exists as a human being。In fact，bet365 ohio promo code has always been vulnerable to changes in the natural environment。Early bet365 ohio promo code as a big agricultural country，Its large-scale irrigation system ("water conservancy") is highly developed。bet365 ohio promo code uses a relatively small area of ​​cultivated land to feed a relatively large population，This ratio is almost unmatched by the United States。This also brought early collective consciousness to bet365 ohio promo code、Collaborative culture and technological progress。In addition，Chinese Confucian philosophy attaches great importance to "whole"、Social balance and social harmony。Based on this，Even during the Han Dynasty, bet365 ohio promo code already had fleets as far away as the Arabian Peninsula and Africa，But no annihilating war was launched against the aliens。

　　Wang Grace:What do you think are the reasons for the rise and fall of hegemony？What is the new turning point bet365 ohio promo code world pattern in the 21st century？

　Elsner:Historian Paul Kennedy used the rise and fall of hegemony from 1500 to 2000 to demonstrate，Typical factors in the economy and military initially create synergistic effects over a long period of time，Accelerate the formation of hegemony，But with the emergence of hegemony，The same security cost will show an inherent growth trend，So that every hegemon will eventually become "overextended" and run out of energy，Finally had to decline。The new turning point in the 21st century is reflected in: people’s perception of “bet365 ohio promo code and the United States—rising in the east and falling in the west”。No matter from the perspective of the decline of the United States，Or from the perspective of the development process of the rise and fall pattern in history，These are the reasons and background for the emergence of this perception。

　　Wang Grace:In what aspects are the symptoms of America’s growing decline bet365 ohio promo code 21st century mainly reflected?？

　　Elsner:American economist Daron Acemoglu attributes the country’s “failure” to “non-inclusive” or “exclusive” (“extractive” or exploitative) social systems。The symptoms of American decline are mainly manifested in，First，Economic plan is unstable，The climate rescue plan cannot be implemented。Second，A parliamentary system filled with violence and fear is at a breaking point。Third，The dysfunction bet365 ohio promo code American state apparatus，“Corporate tycoons” represent 1% bet365 ohio promo code U.S. population，They own 43% bet365 ohio promo code financial wealth in the United States，And earn 20% of GDP every year。Fourth，American militarism and military activities are strong on the outside and soft on the inside。Fifth，There are serious internal problems in American society，But resorting to force from countries other than the United States。

　　"New forms bet365 ohio promo code old historical normal"

Wang Grace:You mentioned in your new book the view that bet365 ohio promo code’s return to the world’s number one position is a new form of the old historical norm。In your eyes，What is bet365 ohio promo code’s “old normal”?？

　　Elsner:Country of bet365 ohio promo code、Nationality、The characteristic of society and economy is that it is long-term、Stability and continuity。Over the past five thousand years，bet365 ohio promo code has gone through many dynasties and several historical stages ruled by ethnic groups other than the Han nation，Also experienced division and reunification，Afterwards，The formation of a "Chinese nation" characterized by multiple ethnic groups，It has a unified language and script，And pay attention to moral concepts。The reason why ancient bet365 ohio promo code became the center of the world is due to the following historical and cultural characteristics。

First，bet365 ohio promo code is a multi-ethnic country。The concepts of “nation”, “minority” and “Chinese nation” should be explained here。In bet365 ohio promo code today，There are some ethnic minority areas with provincial autonomous status，Most adopt the form of local autonomy，That is, the establishment of political-administrative positions and other specific rights for representatives of ethnic minorities。bet365 ohio promo code’s official population policy and ethnic policy are hailed as models by relevant United Nations agencies。The identity of bet365 ohio promo code today，It is precisely a multi-ethnic country。Second，Chinese characters are the stabilizer and creator of Chinese national identity。Chinese characters as an “iconic” font，It is also "the most complex formal system created by mankind" and "the unique characteristic of Chinese culture"。Third，The development of Chinese political philosophy discourse。The development of culture is by no means a monotonous upward process，Confucianism is not always dominant，Its influence on the political philosophy of countries and dynasties is not always consistent。Fourth，bet365 ohio promo code’s scientific and technological progress。The comprehensive development of science and technology in ancient bet365 ohio promo code was centuries earlier than that of Europe，The invention of the iron plow、Decimal system、Transportation channels, etc.，bet365 ohio promo code is more than 2,000 years ahead of the West。Fifth，Shipbuilding and navigation technology were the most important fields in ancient bet365 ohio promo code，Putting bet365 ohio promo code hundreds of years ahead of the rest of the world。Sixth，No colonialism。One phenomenon shown in the history of bet365 ohio promo code’s international relations is，There are essential differences between the expeditions led by Zheng He in the Ming Dynasty and the exploitative expeditions of European colonists。

　　Wang Grace:How should we understand what you mean by “new forms bet365 ohio promo code old historical normal”？

　　Elsner:The United States views this “new normal” as a so-called “existential threat to national security”，Completely wrong from a historical perspective。The same applies to the accusation that bet365 ohio promo code is a "revisionist" power，Because bet365 ohio promo code has questioned its “permanent” and allegedly “rules-based” international order，But this kind of accusation cannot stop the wheel of history。This accusation is not only ridiculous，Also ridiculous。This is just America thinking in terms of the fantasy of power and dominance，Believe that there is a so-called "struggle for survival" among people，Hidden behind it is actually the unknown and fear of decline。

In this context of “new forms of old historical normalcy”，We see that bet365 ohio promo code today has achieved high-quality economic development and social stability，bet365 ohio promo code in the global environment and health system、Development assistance and international infrastructure investment have taken a leading role。

　　bet365 ohio promo code’s renaissance is unstoppable

Wang Grace:In your opinion，How countries around the world currently view bet365 ohio promo code’s renaissance？What are the underlying reasons why Western society distorts reports on bet365 ohio promo code？

　　Elsner:We are currently on a journey towards the third decade of the 21st century，In an increasingly intensifying economy、Politics、In the hybrid war of media and ideology。But，Historical experience tells us，Nothing can stop a nation、Renaissance of a country。Guide a country、The many factors that lead a region or a nation to embark on the road of rejuvenation have this characteristic，i.e. they usually influence each other，The positive results accumulate over a longer period。The "kicking the ladder" approach of the United States and other Western countries no longer works for bet365 ohio promo code，And with the increasing influence of bet365 ohio promo code in Africa and Latin America，The effect of this method will obviously become smaller and smaller。

Today’s Western media is changing the content and method of its narratives every day，They spread rumors about bet365 ohio promo code’s economic situation、Technology、Society、Development in ecological and other aspects，To aggressively “dominate the world”。This is a classic case of psychological projection of one's own crimes and one's own future fantasies and intentions onto the "other"。As explained by Singaporean academic Parag Khanna and Singaporean diplomat Kishore Mahbubani，bet365 ohio promo code just wants to finally end the long humiliation caused by Anglo-Saxon colonialism and imperialism in Europe、Be completely poor and earn respect。The above two scholars have been trying to explain to Western countries: bet365 ohio promo code was neither in the pre-capitalist era、Nor will he take over the world today (post-capitalist era) and become the new overlord，But bet365 ohio promo code is not willing to succumb to any plutocratic hegemon。

　　(The author is a professor at the School of Foreign Languages, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology)