◇ Reporter Wang Junmei

At the social level，People discuss the discussion of technical issues usually focus on the advantages and disadvantages of specific technologies，Pay less attention to technological innovation to benefit which parts of the group、Who will pay the question of cost，Technology in human politics、The changes in social and cultural levels also lack deep understanding。Recent，Stuart Rollo, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Sydney, Australia, Poor Researcher Stuart Rollo.，Neil Postman, a representative of the American Media Environmental School Neil Postman, "technical monopoly" (technical monopoly) concept，Analysis of the evolution of the relationship between human and technology and the impact of the current technological development on human society。This reporter interviewed relevant scholars on related issues。

■ Toyama Kentaro Toyama interviewee/supply

■ "Technical Monopoly: Cultural Surrelation" information picture

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The continuous progress of technology brings agriculture、Industry、Health、Continuous revolution in the field of transportation and communication，A batch of technical utopians (Tech-Utopians) believes that technology has a beneficial effect on global systems，and claim that wealth can bring peace。Luo Luo said，Technical utopianism is essentially a certainty of positive and inspiring effects brought about by technology。For decades，This concept is becoming more popular globally，And with the global technology industry as the center, radiates outward。Technical utopians think，Technology is not only a tool that achieves purpose，At the same time, a more complete human society that cannot be Bet365 app download achieved by leaving technology。Therefore，Society is values、In the shape of the system and culture, the logic of technical implementation is also used as a template。

Professor Kentaro Toyama, a professor at the University of Michigan, said in an interview with this reporter，Technical Utopia is often those who help the "technical monopoly".。The problem of most Utopia is that it eventually evolved into an ideology。Technical utopians believe that the more technology, the better，I believe that technology can create a better world，They tend to deny the negative effects of technology，Even if you recognize，Also resisting to suspend it、Slowing or regulating the development of technology to avoid negative effects。

In this atmosphere，The adverse effects brought by technology are largely underestimated。Luo Luo said，In fact，Since the development of Western Europe in the 18th century，A large number of harmful and destructive behaviors occur。For example，Localization、Activating social life is rewritten into an industrial society life built around the market，Treatment of environmental pollution、Social plunder，It has a negative impact on the life of ordinary workers in Western industrialized countries at the material and spiritual level。other，The formation of western technical society and the benefits it brings often with the material wealth of residents of global marginal areas、Life status and cultural integrity is destroyed at the price。Toyama Kentaro also said，Since the Industrial Revolution，Technology seems to have made important contributions to human progress，Bring a longer life、higher living standards or more peace possibilities。But，Technology has also led to lack of resources、Climate change、Injustice and other questions，It may even destroy human civilization。Because，Although the technology is constantly improving，But there is still greedy in human society、Selfic and differentiated phenomenon。

bet365 best casino games Toyama Kentaro clarified a point of view in his own work "Geekly heterose: Save Social Transformation from Technical Worship" -The technology enlarged potential human power。This means，If the power of human beings is positive，Technology will amplify the impact of human behavior and make the situation develop better; in places where human power is negative，The amplification effect of the technology will make the situation worse。In short,，Technology itself does not make society better，When the technology plays the positive effect，That's because the human power it helped is positive。

　　evolution of the relationship between human and technical relationship 

Luo Luo said，Human society has gone through a long technological innovation process in the development process，Discovery of new technology、Production and communication occupies the core location of the construction of civilization，China、Ancient civilization in India and West Asian countries has brilliant scientific and technological achievements。But，Although continued to participate in technological development for several centuries，and in mathematics、Metallurgy、Chemistry and other fields have achieved epoch -making progress，But China and other countries have never been defined by technology as the West。

，Technology brings huge opportunities for production and business expansion，Deeply changed society、Culture、Traditional specifications、Customs and lifestyles。American historian Lewis Mumford (Lewis Mumford) described in the 1930s when the United States transformed into the technology society in the 1930s，"Whether or not you need，Products will be produced; whether use or not，Inventions will be used; whether it is valid，Power will be used。and the above habits almost spread to every field of our current civilization "。Compared with the 1930s，The technical impact described by Mangford has become more common and strong at the moment，bet365 live casino games Widely set up all over the world。Although the tools and technology have played a role in all society in history，But，In the pre -modern world，This is a slower process，Tools and technology and their use are strongly constrained by social and cultural norms。Under the current violent technological innovation wave，The once solid and stable social practice and lifestyle began to disappear。Technology defines society and culture，Need a strong force to restrict it。

French historian Fernand Braudel believes，In the pre -modern world，Social and cultural power is "slow、Silence and complex "，Affecting people's methods and time。Experts specializing in research on technical impact research tend to think，This kind of dynamics has been broken since the 19th century。Constantly reshaping the social innovation and technical forces of society has created a new type of society called "technocrapy"。According to Bozmann，Under "Technical Rule"，All development must be to some extent for technology development。Tools and technology are not integrated into culture，Instead of confrontation and replace existing culture，At this time is the era when people and technology compete for dominance。

But，With the arrival of the digital revolution，Polzman See，Western countries, especially the United States, have transformed from "technical rule" to "technical monopoly"，That is, the rational and technical method of the entire human society anchor the tool，and understand the status of human beings itself and its status in the world from this perspective。Under the condition of "technical monopoly"，Brostel's observation of technology as a social regulation of technology is replaced by humans' rapid pursuit of technology。At this time，Technology is the purpose，is to solve any society、Key elements of the issues of political and economic organizations。In the words of Pozmann，"All forms of cultural life obey the sovereignty bet365 Play online games of technology and technology"。Economic and strategic competition in the forefront of technology has expanded the scope of hostile operations，It also stifled the global sharing benefits created by the integration of international technology。Facing fierce international competition，Powerful new technologies and "technical monopoly" society cannot be restricted or standardized for its communication，Its danger cannot be underestimated。

The thinking mode of "Technical Monopoly" not only affects the social and economic policies of various countries，Also affected the formulation of diplomatic and security policies。Toyama Kentaro said，Technology will make some aspects of international security and global affairs worse。For example，Digital technology has become another field for competition between hostile countries。In the past international competition is spreading to the digital world，Some countries conduct malicious competition in technical fields such as artificial intelligence，Treating cyber spy activity、Internet terrorism、Internet War and other new problems。Before finding a good strategy to resolve conflicts from countries around the world，Even the best digital technology cannot improve this situation。

Toyama Kentari thinks，"Technical Monopoly" is a advanced form of "technical rule"，refers to the thorough technical value emphasized by "technical rule"、completely rooted in society。In the book "Technical Monopoly: Cultural Moisting of Culture" published in Pozmann，He thinks，Global society has begun worship technology，so that those creation、The values ​​of the group that uses and pay attention to the technology control the society。Efficiency、Comfortable and profit becomes the key values ​​of society，instead of righteousness、Compassion and morality。

　Technical development cannot be separated from society and human factors 

Now，The economic and political life of human bet365 live casino games society is largely abstract、The technical intervention system of complex and layered technical intervention。The 1960s，Canadian media theorist Marshall McLuhan studied the essence of technology，Especially how to reflect in the production and dissemination of the media，How to reconstruct human society and make it more like a machine。With more advanced、More abstract technology has become an important part of promoting current social progress，and affect international strategic competition，In -depth understanding of how technology develops more urgent。

The benefits brought by technological innovation are widely known，But if human society succumb to technology and slides towards "Technical Monopoly"，It will be moral to human beings、Knowledge and cultural prospects cause threats。The majority of scholars engaged in technical research in the 20th century think，More emphasis on social and human factors rather than technical factors。Mangford and Popzman have drawn similar conclusions on this issue，Emphasizing the need to re -discover and reiterate unique human elements，Expressing through the integration of art and knowledge，Not only science and rationality。Mangford said，"In order to re -conquer the machine and obey the purpose of human beings，We must first understand it and absorb it "。

Polish philosopher Leszek Kolakowski (TechNological Core "and" Mythical Core "of the culture and" Mythical Core "of the culture，The difference between the two is important to understand the development of culture。For Kolakovsky，The term "technology" is more widely more widely understood than people's conventional understanding。It shows an attitude towards the world，In this attitude，People treat the surrounding things as objects that will be manipulated。In addition to the tool，Culture's "technical core" also includes science and most philosophy，Due to science and philosophy, it is also instrumental、Demand bet365 best casino games by analytical reasoning form，People seek some control measures through these inference forms。Alan Jacobs, a professor at the University of Belle University, believes，"Technical Monopoly" "technology core" produced in society，But "Technical Monopoly" will eventually collapse under its own successful pressure，When being forced to defend himself，The rationalism of "Technical Core" ultimately requires a "myth" driving force。Perhaps in the long run，Pure "technology core" will not exist，Only one technology "body shell"。