◇Our reporter Wang Junmei

At the social level，Discussions of nj bet365 issues often revolve around the pros and cons of specific technologies，Less attention is paid to which groups benefit from technological innovation、The question of who will pay the cost，Towards nj bet365 in human politics、There is also a lack of deep understanding of the changes occurring at the social and cultural levels。Recently，Stuart Rollo, a postdoctoral fellow at the Center for International Security Studies at the University of Sydney, Australia, published an article on the official website of the India Observer Research Foundation，By quoting Neil Postman, a representative of the American media environment school, the concept of "technopoly"，Analyze the evolution of the relationship between humans and nj bet365 and the impact of current technological development on human society。Our reporter interviewed relevant scholars on related issues。

■Kentaro Toyama Interviewee/Photo provided

■"Technological Monopoly: Culture Surrenders to nj bet365" Information Picture

　nj bet365 amplifies potential human power

The continuous advancement of nj bet365 has brought about agriculture、Industrial、Hygiene、Continuous revolution in transportation and communications，A group of tech-utopians who believe that nj bet365 has a beneficial effect on the global system，And claims that abundance brings peace。Rolo said，Technological utopianism is essentially a deterministic judgment about the positive and inspiring impact of nj bet365。Decades，This concept is becoming increasingly popular around the world，And radiate outwards with the global nj bet365 industry as the center。Technological utopians think，nj bet365 is more than just a set of tools to achieve a purpose，At the same time, it creates a more perfect human society that cannot be achieved without nj bet365。Therefore，Society in values、The logic of nj bet365 implementation is also used as a template in the process of shaping institutions and culture。

Kentaro Toyama, a professor at the School of Information at the University of Michigan, said in an interview with this reporter，Technological utopians are often those who contribute to "technological monopolies"。The problem with most utopianism is that it ends up becoming an ideology。Technological utopians believe that more nj bet365 is better，Believe that nj bet365 can create a better world，They tend to deny the negative impacts of nj bet365，Even if you realize it，Also resists suspension、Slow down or regulate the development of nj bet365 to avoid negative impacts。

In such an atmosphere，The adverse effects of nj bet365 are largely underestimated。Rolo said，In fact，Since the development of Western European society began to center on nj bet365 in the 18th century，A large number of harmful and destructive behaviors occurred。For example，Will be localized、Heterogeneous social life is rewritten into industrial social life built around market logic，causing environmental pollution、Social plunder，It has a negative impact on the lives of ordinary workers in Western industrialized countries on both a material and spiritual level。In addition，The formation of Western technological society and the benefits it brings are often based on the material wealth of residents in the global periphery、At the cost of destruction of living conditions and cultural integrity。Kentaro Toyama also said，Since the Industrial Revolution，nj bet365 seems to have made an important contribution to human progress，brings longer life、Higher living standards and even more possibilities for peace。However，nj bet365 also leads to scarcity of resources、Climate change、Inequality and other issues，It may even destroy human civilization。Because，Although nj bet365 continues to advance，But greed still exists in human society、The phenomenon of selfishness and differentiation。

Kentaro Toyama made a point in his book "Geek Heresy: Saving Social Change from the Worship of nj bet365" - nj bet365 amplifies potential human power。This means，If human power is positive，nj bet365 amplifies the impact of human actions and makes things better；Where human power is negative，The amplification effect of nj bet365 will make things worse。In short，nj bet365 itself cannot make society a better place，When nj bet365 has a positive effect，That’s because the human power it supports is positive。

　　The evolution of the relationship between humans and nj bet365

Rollo said，Human society has experienced a long process of technological innovation in its development process，Discovery of new technologies、Production and exchange occupy the core position of civilization construction，China、The ancient civilizations of India and West Asian countries had brilliant scientific and technological achievements。However，Despite centuries of continued involvement in technological development，And in Mathematics、Metallurgy、Epoch-making progress has been made in chemistry and other fields，But countries like China have never been defined by nj bet365 like the West。

To this day，nj bet365 brings huge opportunities for production and business expansion，Profoundly changed society、Culture、Traditional norms、Customs and lifestyle。American historian Lewis Mumford once described when commenting on the transformation of the United States into a technological society in the 1930s，"Whether needed or not，Products will be produced；Whether useful or not，Inventions will be exploited；Regardless of whether it is valid or not，Power will be used。And the above habits permeate almost every area of ​​our current civilization”。Compared to the 1930s，The technological impacts described by Mumford have become more pervasive and intense today，Widely distributed around the world。Although tools and technologies have shaped every society in history，However，In the pre-modern world，This is a slower process，Tools and techniques and their use are strongly constrained by social and cultural norms。Under the current fierce wave of technological innovation，Social practices and lifestyles that were once solid and stable began to disappear。nj bet365 defines society and culture，Need strong force to restrain it。

According to French historian Fernand Braudel，In the pre-modern world，Social and cultural forces are "slow、Silent and complicated”，Influencing how and when people adopt nj bet365。Experts specializing in the impact of nj bet365 tend to believe，This dynamic began to break down in the 19th century。Technological innovation and technological power that continue to reshape society have created a new type of society that Postman calls "technocracy"。According to Postman，Under "nj bet365"，All development must give way to technological development to some extent。Tools and nj bet365 are not integrated into culture，Rather to confront and replace the existing culture，This is an era where people and nj bet365 compete for dominance。

However，With the advent of the digital revolution，Bozman saw，Western countries, especially the United States, have transformed from "technological domination" to "technological monopoly"，That is, human society is completely anchored in instrumental rationality and technical methods，And understand humanity itself and its place in the world from this perspective。Under the conditions of "technological monopoly"，Braudel’s observation of nj bet365 as a “slow force” for social regulation is replaced by humanity’s rapid pursuit of nj bet365。At this time，nj bet365 is the purpose，Is the solution to any society、Key Elements of Problems of Political and Economic Organization。In Postman’s words，“All forms of cultural life are subject to nj bet365 and its sovereignty”。Economic and strategic competition on the technological frontier both expands the scope of international hostilities，Another stifling of the global shared benefits created by integrated international technical cooperation。Facing fierce international competition，Powerful new technologies and “technopolistic” societies are unable and unwilling to limit or regulate their spread，The danger cannot be underestimated。

The "technological monopoly" thinking model not only affects the social and economic policies of various countries，It also affects the formulation of foreign and security policies。Kentaro Toyama said，nj bet365 will make some aspects of international security and global affairs worse。For example，Digital nj bet365 has become another field of competition between hostile countries。The international competition of the past is spreading to the digital world，Some countries engage in malicious competition in the fields of artificial intelligence and other technologies，Causing cyber espionage、Cyber ​​Terrorism、New issues such as cyber war。Until countries around the world can find a good solution to the conflict at the political level，Even the best digital nj bet365 cannot improve this situation。

Kentaro Toyama thinks，“Technological monopoly” is an advanced form of “technological domination”，Refers to the thorough technical value emphasized by "technocracy"、Completely rooted in society。In Postman's 1992 book "Technopoly: The Surrender of Culture to nj bet365"，He thinks，Global society has begun to worship nj bet365，so that those creations、The values ​​of the groups that use and value nj bet365 control society。efficiency、Comfort and profit become key values ​​of society，Instead of justice、Empathy and Ethics。

　nj bet365 development is inseparable from social and humanistic factors

Now，The economic and political life of human society is largely abstract、Complex and layered technical intervention system-based。1960s，Canadian media theorist Marshall McLuhan studied the nature of nj bet365，Especially how it is reflected in the production and dissemination of media，And how to reconstruct human society and make it more like machines。As more advanced、More abstract technologies have become an important part of promoting current social progress，And affecting international strategic competition，The need for a deeper understanding of how nj bet365 develops becomes more urgent。

The benefits of technological innovation are widely known，But if human society succumbs to nj bet365 and slides into "technological monopoly"，It will affect human morality、Threats to intellectual and cultural prospects。Most scholars engaged in nj bet365 research in the 20th century believe that，Emphasize more on social and human factors rather than technical factors。Mumford and Postman reached similar conclusions on this issue，Emphasis on the need to rediscover and reaffirm the uniquely human element，Expression through the fusion of art and knowledge，Not just relying on science and reason。Mumford said，“For the purpose of reconquering machines and subordinating them to humans，We must first understand it and absorb it”。

Polish philosopher Leszek Kolakowski distinguished between the “technological core” and the “mythical core” of culture，The difference between the two is crucial to understanding the development of culture。For Kolakovsky，The term "nj bet365" is broader than what people conventionally understand。It shows an attitude towards the world，In this attitude，People see things around them as objects to be manipulated。Besides tools，The "technical core" of culture also includes science and most philosophy，Because science and philosophy are also subject to instrumentality、The dominance of analytical reasoning forms，People seek some measure of control through these forms of reasoning。Alan Jacobs, emeritus professor of humanities at Baylor University in the United States, thinks，“Technical monopoly” comes from the “technical core” of society，But “technopolies” will eventually collapse under the weight of their own success，And when forced to defend oneself，The rationalism of "technical core" ultimately needs a "mythical" driving force。Maybe in the long run，Pure "technical core" will eventually cease to exist，Only a technical "body" remains。