Respecting the elderly is a traditional virtue bonus bet365 Chinese nation，Developing the silver economy is a powerful measure to promote high-quality development。The silver economy is the provision of products or services to the elderly，The sum of a series of economic activities such as preparing for the aging stage。January 15th，The General Office bonus bet365 State Council issued the "Opinions on Developing the Silver Economy to Improve the Welfare bonus bet365 Elderly" (hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions")，Foresight to develop the silver economy、Strategic layout，Emphasis on the diversity of needs bonus bet365 elderly and the complexity of population aging，Carefully classify and sort out the key silver hair industries、Industry、Products and Services，And put forward a series of constructive guidance。From a global perspective，Many developed economies took the lead in entering an aging society in the 1990s，Opportunities for silver economic development will emerge。Initially，The consumer market for the elderly covers health care、Nursing Services、Housing and other traditional industries，Now it has expanded to aging-friendly electronic technology、Innovative frontier fields such as information communications and artificial intelligence。What are the development trends and regional differences bonus bet365 global silver economy？How does China build a high-quality silver hair industry，Accelerate the scale bonus bet365 silver economy、Standardization、Clustering、Brand development？How society and individuals can establish a scientific concept of silver economic consumption and positive aging values？Revolving around the above issues，Our reporter interviewed relevant scholars。

　bonus bet365 is unfolding around the world

José Luis Iparraguirre, full professor of economics at the German International University in Cairo, Egypt, stated in the book "Economy and Aging Volume 4: Political Economy"，In 2015, the European Commission officially proposed the “Silver Economy” in its report，and defines it as the economic opportunity associated with an aging population and spending by consumers over 50。The European Commission divides the elderly groups that drive the development bonus bet365 silver economy market into three groups。The first group is workers between the age of 50 and the retirement age in EU countries。They teach skills and provide guidance to young people，Actual turnover bonus bet365 enterprise、Profit and contribution to the national economy are growing，The contribution percentage also gradually increases。The second group is active retirees aged 65 to 75 or to 80 years old。They are physically and mentally healthy，Actively participate in various cultural and recreational activities，Maintain long-term connections with society。The third group is the elderly aged 80 and above。They want to live more comfortably in their later years、Health，is a consumer of long-term home care and institutional care services。Ipalaguire said，The elderly are not only consumers bonus bet365 silver economy，Still a laborer、Volunteer、Investors and Entrepreneurs。Accordingly，The silver economy is also seen as workers of all ages、Volunteer、Social activities launched by investors and entrepreneurs targeting elderly consumers。

World Bank Chief Economist Wolfgang Fengler pointed out，Among the global consumer class spending or more per day，The proportion of elderly people is rising rapidly。Estimated to 2030，The global consumer base spending more than a day will grow from 3.9 billion in 2020 to 5.6 billion。Although each age group contributed almost equally to consumption growth (average growth 41%)，But the contribution bonus bet365 elderly group has the most prominent growth rate，Their proportion in the consumer group will increase from 4.5.9 billion surged to 7.600 million。If calculated in 2011 purchasing power parity，Consumption spending by the elderly is expected to be just under trillion in 2030，But higher than 8 in 2020.7 trillion US dollars。Fingler noted，The silver economy is moving from OECD economies to emerging markets，Especially in Asia。The current total annual spending power of silver-haired consumers is in Asia、North America and Europe are relatively evenly distributed，Both are 2.3 trillion US dollars。However，The market share of Asia’s silver economy will increase significantly，Asia’s senior population is expected to spend more than trillion annually by 2030。

Helen McGuirk, Director bonus bet365 Center for Entrepreneurship Excellence at the Business School bonus bet365 University of Technology in Munster, Ireland said，On the one hand，Pressures for survival and development force European companies to proactively respond to the challenges of population aging。On the other hand，The diversity and complexity bonus bet365 silver economy is testing the ability of European governments to promote economic development and social reform through the implementation of public policies。2018，McQuick et al. targeted SMEs in 7 EU member states、Government agency、Development Agency、Survey on the development potential bonus bet365 silver economy among higher education institutions and social partners。Research findings，Most companies are aware of Europe’s demographic changes and potential business opportunities，However, small and medium-sized enterprises sometimes confuse the economic value and social care value bonus bet365 silver economy。In addition，European companies are poorly prepared to face changes in the external environment，Coupled with insufficient innovation，Unable to seize opportunities。In response to the above problems，McQuick and others call on European governments to promote the supply-side structural transformation and upgrading bonus bet365 silver economy through the formulation of appropriate public policies，For example, conveying the correct concept of silver economic development to enterprises，Carry out specific training activities in various places to actively respond to population aging，Comprehensively stimulate the innovation and competitiveness of enterprises in producing and selling aging-friendly products and services，Improving the construction bonus bet365 silver economic market system，Expand market size。

　　Aging theory is the forerunner bonus bet365 silver economy

The silver economy is an economic measure that actively responds to the aging population。On the one hand，Aging has given rise to a silver economy；On the other hand，To develop a silver economy well, we must conduct an in-depth analysis bonus bet365 deep-seated structural problems of population aging。With the aging bonus bet365 population becoming increasingly serious，Developed countries are increasingly concerned about the social uncertainty caused by changes in population composition and quantity。In this deeper context，“Successful Aging” and other words and concepts with similar meanings，Like “healthy”, “active”, “optimal”, “independent”, “active”, “productive” or “effective” aging comes into being。American scholar John W. Rowe) and Robert Kahn (Robert L. Kahn) proposed the successful aging model in 1997，Provides a scientific reference basis for society to understand the overall changes in a person's health status throughout his life and build an intervention framework。They define “successful aging” as “the factors that allow a person to function effectively physically and mentally as they age”，Including avoiding illness or disability、Maintain a high level of intellectual and physical fitness，And maintain a high level of investment in social activities and productive activities。Ipalaguire lists a number of macro-level criteria to measure a person's "successful aging"，For example, the productivity and participation of older people in paid work and voluntary work、Cohesion between generations and classes、The balance between risks and benefits of demographic change、Resilience and Sustainability。

While the concept of "successful bonus bet365" is widely spread around the world，It also triggered new thinking in the academic world。Carroll L, Professor Emeritus of Sociology, University of California, San Francisco, USA. Estes) et al. compared the conceptual frameworks of successful bonus bet365 and productive bonus bet365，Discovering productive bonus bet365 is positive proof that “I can still work”，And successful bonus bet365 is the passive proof of "I try not to be a burden to others"。Ipalaguire pointed out，Narratives such as “successful bonus bet365” provide a normative element to how older people consume，Especially to guide consumers in fitness、Labor、Health care、Happiness、Making the “right” choice in terms of subjective initiative and self-shaping。Such discourse is also related to the “motivated consumption” proposed by Paul Higgs, professor of sociology of bonus bet365 at University College London, and Chris Gilleard, visiting researcher in mental health. "Related to "ism"，Means the best expression of personal choice、Autonomy、Consumption for pleasure and self-expression (especially the “ageless” self)。

In Ipalaguirre’s view，Although concepts such as successful aging emphasize individual autonomy and agency，But even in developed countries，These concepts only apply to those with sufficient autonomy and initiative，The few seniors who are able to choose among various senior lifestyle choices。Marian Barnes, Professor of Social Policy at the School of Applied Social Sciences at the University of Brighton, UK, and others in "Reimagining Old Age: Happiness、Written in the book "Care and Participation"，“When you feel weak、When you are mentally fragile and faced with a decision you don’t want to make，‘Choice’ is not a form of empowerment”。John A., retired professor at the School of Social Sciences and International Studies, University of Exeter, UK. Vincent) also stated in the paper "Inequality and Aging"， “Really non-alienated choice is created by adequate pensions and fair prices”。Ipalaguire thinks，The Successful Aging Framework presents a static ideal of later life，Ignore history、Culture、The combined impact of social relations and structural forces on later life。In the process of vigorously developing bonus bet365 in various countries，Be wary of placing the primary concern and responsibility for aging problems on older individuals，Especially as this narrative continues to intensify、Perpetuating and masking the poverty and unequal treatment that many people face in later life。

　　Building a bonus bet365 economic market

Yang Yinan, a professor at the School of Public Administration of Hunan University, introduced the advantages and characteristics of China’s silver economy to this reporter，Point out the huge number of elderly people in our country，The elderly population aged 60 and above exceeds 2.800 million people，Better than Australia、Germany、Switzerland、The total population of countries such as Japan is even larger。By the middle bonus bet365 21st century，my country’s elderly population aged 60 and above will be close to the total population bonus bet365 United States。The living requirements of my country’s elderly population are multi-layered、Diversification、High quality and other features，Strong demand for senior care products and services，Huge consumption potential。There are more than 70 million young people aged 65 and under，These young and old people are consuming ideas、Keep up with the times in financial awareness and other aspects，Actively pursue “youthful” consumption style and quality of life，Their consumption pattern gradually shifts to “self-enjoyment”。The above characteristics have laid a strong market foundation and population advantage for the development and prosperity of my country’s silver economy。China will become the largest silver economy in the world。The experience of Japan and other countries shows that，The elderly are one bonus bet365 most important consumer groups。When consumption expenditures bonus bet365 elderly rise，The country’s consumer economic model will also undergo fundamental changes。At present, we need to focus on how to boost the demand for elderly care、Raise the level of needs，Promote the consumption upgrade bonus bet365 elderly、Activate and expand the elderly care consumer market，Thereby expanding the total domestic demand、Optimize industrial and economic structure。We must truly start from the needs bonus bet365 elderly，Provide services that meet the living requirements bonus bet365 elderly、Consumer experience products and services。At the same time，We need to increase the income bonus bet365 elderly through various channels and methods，Improve asset liquidity for the elderly。

Yang Yansui, a professor at Tsinghua University School of Public Policy and Management, told reporters based on the "Opinions"，China’s silver economic market can be constructed according to three types of products。First，Safety services are public goods，Covering the poor is the government’s responsibility。Second，Personalized services are private products，Covering high net worth population，It is the market responsibility。The supply mechanism bonus bet365 first two types of services is relatively clear，One needs to improve bed utilization，Another need to achieve project surplus。Third，Inclusive services are quasi-public goods，Covering most elderly people，Need to combine effective market with promising government，Public-private partnership model。This is important to the country’s legal system、The social contract and local government governance is a challenge。First，China’s huge elderly population must be divided into low-income groups、Three categories of middle income and high income。Secondly，Divide the cost of elderly care services into land and land rent、Real estate and rent、Medical care and attention、The four major categories of living expenses。Finally，The government passes welfare land based on three types of income、Preferential tax treatment、Start-up subsidy、Comprehensive measures such as capitation subsidies to make up for the funding gap，Establish an intelligent monitoring mechanism，The rest is left to the family (family hospital bed、Employment of medical records and family member care)、Community (embedded medical and health care services) and market to operate。

Vice President of China Society of Social Security、Jin Weigang, Vice President bonus bet365 National Institutional Research Institute of Zhejiang University, combined with the "Opinions"，Listed to reporters four aspects of promoting the development bonus bet365 silver economy in the field of social security。First, promote the construction of a multi-level pension security system。By deepening the reform bonus bet365 pension insurance system，Continuously improve the basic pension insurance system，Improving the level of basic pension security。At the same time，We must vigorously promote the development of enterprise annuities，Expand the coverage of enterprise annuities as much as possible。The second is to develop pension financial business，Guide and support various pension financial institutions to develop a variety of pension financial products suitable for pension financial reserves，Actively promote the vigorous development of exclusive commercial pension insurance。The third is to develop commercial medical insurance，Reasonably define the relationship and functional positioning of basic medical insurance and commercial insurance，Develop commercial insurance products that suit market needs through market-oriented means。Improve product structure，Optimize and improve the external support system for the development of commercial insurance，Including relevant departments providing necessary policy measures and big data support for commercial health insurance companies。Strengthen the supervision and risk prevention of commercial health insurance，Promote commercial health insurance to achieve long-term sustainability。The fourth is to carry out pilot projects to establish a long-term care insurance system in some areas，Further improve the long-term care insurance system，Specify individual、Financing responsibilities of employers and finance at all levels，Establish an independent financing mechanism，And further expand financing channels。At the same time，Encourage and support the development of commercial long-term care insurance，Promote the construction of a multi-level long-term care security system，Promote the rapid development bonus bet365 nursing service industry。

Zhang Sifeng, a professor at the School of Public Policy and Management of Xi’an Jiaotong University, believes，Comprehensive support for the silver economy、While developing rapidly，We must also pay attention to guiding enterprises to standardize their operations、The market develops in an orderly manner，Adapt to the needs, characteristics and behavioral habits bonus bet365 elderly population，Protect the rights and interests of elderly consumers。Existing findings，When there is a shortage of age-appropriate products and services and it is urgent to "age-appropriately"，Health regimen that is not worthy bonus bet365 name、Beauty、Travel、Insurance、Financial management and other products，Exaggerated advertising，“Playing the emotional card、Take the warm road” fraudulent purchase routine，Information bombardment of online live broadcasts, etc.，Capture the wallet bonus bet365 elderly、Events that endanger the rights and interests of elderly consumers happen from time to time。Facing these phenomena，Zhang Sifeng said，First, we must strictly supervise silver hair products、Silver hair service、Silver Business、Quality of Silver Finance、Price。Second, scientific governance、Effectively rectify the promotion activities of products and services for seniors、Online advertising、False propaganda and other market behaviors，Severely crack down on perpetrators who endanger the rights and interests of elderly consumers。Third, we must use various public opinion tools and propaganda methods，Help、Guide the elderly to establish scientific financial management、The correct concept of reasonable consumption；Develop a clear distinction between authenticity and falsehood、Resist temptation、Good habits of buying what you need。The fourth is to help the elderly successfully cross the "digital divide"，Mobile phone manufacturers want to develop、Made to be suitable for the elderly and easy to operate、Product with unique functions；TV manufacturer、Computer manufacturers should set up one-button TVs and computers suitable for the elderly，Radio and television networks want to broadcast programs that the elderly love to watch；Ticket、Air tickets、Movie tickets, etc. need to be set up easily、Practical aging-friendly ticket purchasing operating system，Or arrange staff to assist ticket purchasers at the ticket office。The whole society must work hard to build an age-friendly environment，Building an age-friendly society。

　　bonus bet365 has set up many new topics for scientific research

Yang Yinan expressed，Laying a solid theoretical foundation for the development bonus bet365 silver economy is a major issue facing the academic community，Also a new topic。We must focus on studying the basic theory bonus bet365 silver economy，Analysis bonus bet365 economic behavior bonus bet365 elderly、Decision、Preference、Questions etc.，Especially the economic rationality bonus bet365 elderly、Basic theoretical issues such as decision-making models，Silver Economics and Elderly Management、Geriatric Sociology、Gerobiology、Frontier issues at the intersection of geriatric psychology and other multidisciplinary subjects。In addition，We must also pay attention to the public policy issues bonus bet365 silver economy in a timely manner，Analyze the short-term, medium- and long-term effects and existing problems of public policies，And propose directions for policy optimization and strengthening support。

Secretary General bonus bet365 Pension Finance 50 Forum、Dong Keyong, Vice President bonus bet365 China Society of Social Insurance, told reporters，Pension finance and smart elderly care are key research areas to promote the high-quality development bonus bet365 silver economy。First，From international experience，Solving the problem of population aging cannot be separated from the media financing role of finance。Financial tools and technologies are important ways to actively respond to population aging，Also adapting to the transformation bonus bet365 traditional elderly care model、The only way to meet the people’s growing needs for elderly care，The specialized field of pension finance was born。October 2023，The Central Financial Work Conference clearly listed “pension finance” as one bonus bet365 “five major articles” to promote high-quality financial development，This is also the first time that pension finance has entered the central meeting，And listed as a key financial task。Academia can study the design of pension financial products、Problems in risk assessment and other aspects，Provide theoretical support to the practical community；Practice circles can try innovative pension financial products，Provide more pension security for the elderly。

Next，In the context of rapid economic and social development，National pension needs are becoming increasingly diverse。How to provide personalization、Diversified bonus bet365 care services are a huge problem faced by service providers。With the increasing aging of my country’s population，The phenomenon of disability will also become increasingly serious，Nursing needs are becoming more and more prominent。Dong Keyong thinks，Relying on traditional human nursing care not only faces the problem of insufficient quantity，Service quality is also limited。But with the continuous advancement of technology，The prospect of smart bonus bet365 care is worth looking forward to，Including using the Internet、Big data、Artificial intelligence and other technical means，Provide more personalization for the bonus bet365、Convenient health management and bonus bet365 care services。Academia can study effective application models of these technologies；The practical community can explore how to transform technology into actual products and services。

In Dong Keyong’s opinion，Carry out social research from the demand side and supply side bonus bet365 silver economy，We will ensure that the survey results accurately reflect the national conditions，Provide high-quality support for policy formulation。The main surveys on the needs bonus bet365 elderly in my country include the Peking University's China Elderly Health Influencing Factors Tracking Survey and the China Elderly Social Tracking Survey of Renmin University of China。The former focuses on the health status bonus bet365 elderly，The latter focuses on the social support network bonus bet365 elderly。In the context of developing the silver economy，Scholars need to comprehensively consider the health bonus bet365 elderly、Income、Consumption、Reemployment、Pension asset reserve、Elderly care needs, etc.，Organize thematic annual continuous surveys。The silver hair industry has broad prospects in China，But it is still in the initial stage bonus bet365 industry，Inseparable from policy support，Accurate and timely research can provide more accurate decision-making reference for relevant industrial policies。In addition，Most participants in the silver industry are small and micro private enterprises，Not as mature as the statistical reporting system of state-owned enterprises and central enterprises。Therefore，Supply-side research also provides a better understanding bonus bet365 banking industry、Effective means for development trends and existing problems。