Algorithms provide great convenience for economic and social development and people’s production and life,Meanwhile,The unavoidable bet365 joining bonus code behind the algorithm and whether related countermeasures are feasible,has received widespread attention and discussion in domestic and international academic circles。However,Look at problems from a dialectical perspective,Beyond the path of working to reduce and overcome algorithmic bet365 joining bonus code,Is there another compatible option?Recent,Some foreign scholars proposed,Algorithms can be used as a mirror,Reveals biases that people find difficult to recognize in themselves。This opens up new horizons for research on algorithmic bet365 joining bonus code,Inspired new vitality。
Recognizing the causes of human bet365 joining bonus code
The first step in addressing algorithmic bet365 joining bonus code is to make ourselves aware of why bet365 joining bonus code exists,Only in this way can we break the restrictions of prejudice,Helping humans make smarter and fairer decisions。Catherine L, Professor at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, USA. Milkoman (Katherine L. Milkman) and Dolly Chugh, a professor at New York University’s Stern School of Business, have conducted in-depth analysis of the logical relationships in the operation of human thinking from a psychological perspective,This also becomes the basis for us to understand the occurrence of prejudice。According to their introduction,The theory that human thinking is divided into two systems: "System 1" and "System 2",Used to express the distinction of cognitive functions。Where “System 1” refers to people’s intuitive system,It is usually efficient、Automatic、Easy、Various and emotional;"System 2" refers to slower speed、Intentional、effort、Clear and logical reasoning。People often encounter a lack of important information for decision-making、Not aware of available information、Facing time and cost constraints、Situations such as maintaining only a relatively small amount of information in available memory,At this time, it is more likely to rely on "System 1" thinking to make decisions。Although in some complex decision-making tasks,Subliminal actions may lead to better choices than conscious thought。But,In many scenarios,Relying solely on “System 1” thinking to make decisions,It will also cause decision-making bet365 joining bonus code,And thus produce adverse effects,This is also the main reason for prejudice。When necessary,People need to move from “System 1” thinking to more prudent “System 2” thinking,Determining which situations are such "necessary situations" is an important task in fields such as psychology。
mentioned by Milkman and Church,Application scenarios of the algorithm such as enrollment、Recruitment、Medical services, etc.,It is more necessary to rely on "System 2" thinking to make decisions to avoid bet365 joining bonus code。Because there is an “outsider’s perspective” in “System 2” thinking,This perspective allows one to remove oneself from a given situation。An outsider’s perspective has been shown to reduce decision-makers’ overconfidence in their knowledge、Reduce the time required to complete tasks and other effects。Decision makers can also improve their judgment by asking real outsiders what they think about a decision。Then,If algorithms can function as outsiders,Provides “behind-the-scenes” information for humans who are difficult to detect or are ashamed to admit their biases when making decisions,It can help people avoid the trap of being "obsessed with the authorities"。
Associate Professor Sylvia P, Department of Psychology, Northwestern University. Perry (Sylvia P. Perry et al. further analyzed human “bet365 joining bonus code awareness” behavior in a study。Perry Discovery,When bet365 joining bonus code awareness serves as an indicator,Can uniquely predict how people will respond to information that reflects their own biases,Can also predict and detect the biased behavior of others。People who are biased are more likely to agree that bet365 joining bonus code exists,Whether it is manifested in one’s own behavior or the behavior of others。These findings have important implications for the development and implementation of anti-bet365 joining bonus code measures。Some scholars also proposed,Human beings’ awareness of the existence of personal biases is a key step in reducing prejudice and discrimination。When bet365 joining bonus code is masked in a way that people don’t realize,People may continue to be prejudiced。The goal of many anti-bet365 joining bonus code education programs is to increase people’s awareness of their own biases,Whether people can accurately recognize the existence of bet365 joining bonus code is the key to influencing them to make corrections。Understanding individual-level differences in bet365 joining bonus code awareness plays a key role in anti-bet365 joining bonus code training,Helps develop more effective anti-bet365 joining bonus code interventions tailored to the context and needs of specific audiences。
Exploring algorithmic bet365 joining bonus code from the relationship between self and others
At the moment when artificial intelligence products are widely used,Algorithms have become an auxiliary tool for human decision-making,However, the algorithm’s process and decision-making mechanism are relatively hidden and even inconvenient for human thinking to understand,Algorithmic bet365 joining bonus code will also occur。How to break algorithmic bet365 joining bonus code is the focus of people's attention。Some scholars proposed,People can understand algorithms as “others” other than themselves,This makes bet365 joining bonus code easier to identify,Avoid interference from biased blind spots。Irene Scopelliti, professor of marketing and behavioral sciences at City College London, and others explained the concept of bet365 joining bonus code blind spots,Systematic biases that people exhibit when making judgments are in many cases caused by unconscious processes。Lack of “conscious access” to the opinion-forming process,Meaning that people are often unaware of their own biases,Although they are more likely to detect the same biases in the opinions of others。relative to others,People tend to believe their own opinions,This has been reflected in many empirical studies。This kind of "self-other accuracy comparison" judgment and behavior will have harmful consequences,Including reducing people's interest in beneficial、Acceptance of recommendations designed to remove bet365 joining bonus code。
Scopelletti thinks,The creation of the bet365 joining bonus code blind spot can be attributed to the interaction of two phenomena: the introspective illusion and naive realism。When people rate their own level of bet365 joining bonus code,This kind of evaluation is based on introspection。Since introspection is unlikely to reveal biased thought processes,People may believe that their judgments and actions are unbiased。Naive realism is when individuals believe that their perception of reality is an accurate representation of objective facts,Making it difficult to understand other perspectives。
Some scholars have proposed,When people assess the level of bet365 joining bonus code in others,Rely on other people’s actions rather than other people’s thoughts。In other words,People use different types of rationales when assessing their own and others’ biases,Thus less aware of one’s own biases,More aware of other people’s prejudices。According to this characteristic,Carey K, professor of marketing at Boston University, USA. Carey K. Morewedge) and Romain Cadario, assistant professor at the Rotterdam School of Management at Erasmus University in the Netherlands, and others studied whether algorithmic biases can be used to reveal and then help correct human biases。
Taking this relationship of “self and other” as the starting point,Can help researchers change their perspective,Deeper exploration of technology ethics issues such as algorithmic bet365 joining bonus code,And more comprehensively view and respond to the practical challenges brought about by technological changes in social life。For example,Julian De Freitas, director of the Ethical Intelligence Laboratory at Harvard University in the United States, and others pointed out,Existing research on psychological barriers to the adoption of self-driving car technology has often been explored from the perspective of algorithmic aversion,Looking at how consumers are unwilling to trust algorithms、Automation and Artificial Intelligence,How do you think autonomous vehicles are unsafe、Unfamiliar、Higher risks in rides than in vehicles controlled by human drivers。This is because self-enhancing comparative evaluations play a mediating role。Study participants’ preferences show asymmetry in attitudes toward self and others,Think yourself to be more trustworthy、Safer drivers,Others are the opposite。Biased self-evaluations reduce acceptance of technologies such as self-driving cars,May directly interfere with people’s perception of innovativeness。Such discussions provide relevant policymakers and enterprises with practical insights,Also about predicting and explaining people's reactions to automation、The research field of acceptance and application of algorithms and artificial intelligence has made theoretical advancement。
Discover the positive effects of bet365 joining bonus code
According to Molwicki, Cardario and others,Algorithms can be used as a mirror,Revealing biases that people have a hard time seeing in themselves,And then help decision-makers recognize and correct their own biases。The series of experiments they conducted reproduced the blind spots of bet365 joining bonus code,Those participants who thought they were seeing decisions from an algorithm or someone else (regardless of whether this was actually the case) were more likely to perceive bet365 joining bonus code in the outcome,And correct the deviation in decision-making later。In addition,Those participants who are more prone to bet365 joining bonus code blind spots,Compare your own decision-making,It is also easier to see bet365 joining bonus code in the decisions of algorithms or other people。And in your own decision-making,Compared with prejudice,People are more likely to acknowledge the influence of neutral or reasonable factors,If you say that you will pay attention to the landlord’s rating on the platform when renting a house,And deny paying attention to their ethnic background。This may be because,Admit that he prefers rentals with high ratings,Won’t affect a person’s self-awareness,It will not affect other people’s evaluation of yourself。
According to Molwiki,Many biases are difficult to observe on an individual level,Like an isolated hiring decision。Algorithms can codify or amplify human biases,But this is also an exposure of the prejudices that exist in human society,When people build algorithms like that,Add the decisions within and between individuals,Helps expose structural biases that exist in systems and organizations。In his opinion,People have a deep understanding of their own thought processes,More likely to retrace their thinking and make excuses to deny bet365 joining bonus code,Feeling that biased decisions may be driven by other “defensible factors”。For example,“When making hiring decisions,I do not consider the applicant’s race or gender。I just make decisions based on their abilities”。However,When analyzing other people’s decisions,All people need to judge is the result,Lack of opportunities to understand other people’s decision-making processes,This is when bet365 joining bonus code becomes more obvious and harder to excuse。
Algorithms alleviate bet365 joining bonus code blind spots,Because people look at algorithms more like looking at others than looking at themselves。The decision-making process of the algorithm is like a "black box",Just like people cannot know other people’s inner thoughts。Algorithms are trained on human decision-making,But people call this reflected bet365 joining bonus code “algorithmic bet365 joining bonus code”。In the opinion of Morwiki,Algorithms can be tools that help people better see their own biases and correct them,That’s what’s exciting about this research。As a double-edged sword,Algorithms may amplify people’s “bad tendencies”,It can also help people become “more perfect selves”。He said,The current research results on algorithmic bet365 joining bonus code are not optimistic,Many people advocate developing statistical methods to reduce bet365 joining bonus code in algorithms,But the source of prejudice comes from people,This is part of the problem。People should work hard to make algorithms better,But we should work harder to make ourselves less prejudiced。
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