nj bet365 are lexicalized “synchronic” miniatures
March 14, 2023 10:33 Source: "Chinese nj bet365 Sciences Journal" Issue 2609, March 14, 2023 Author: Wang Xin

The forms of popular nj bet365 are rich and diverse,The pre-popular word path means are correspondingly complete。From non-word to word,The evolution process from non-popular nj bet365 to popular nj bet365,can be seen as a microcosm of the formation of vocabulary in the long process of language evolution,Basically covers all the evolution forms of lexicalization and grammaticalization,To use a popular word, it is "Jue Jue Zi"。We say that popular nj bet365 are miniature models of lexicalization and grammaticalization theory,First of all, the various means of lexicalization and grammaticalization can be proved in the formation path of popular nj bet365。At the same time, buzzwords are “nj bet365 that suddenly become popular and are widely used by the public and the media within a certain period of time”,So compared to other examples of lexicalization that have evolved over decades or even centuries,Also a miniature in time。

  The lexicalization of popular nj bet365.Brinton and Traugott define nj bet365 as follows: nj bet365 is such an evolution,That is, in some specific locales,The speaker uses a syntactic construction or word formation,As a new content form with formal and semantic features,The form cannot be completely derived or inferred from the construction components or word formation method。Over time,Further loss of internal organization,The item becomes more like a word。

The formation of buzzwords is a sudden process in a short period of time,Belongs to the synchronic level of word formation。But because it has the basic characteristics of diachronic lexicalization,It just compresses the process into a synchronic period,So we think it is a synchronic miniature version of diachronic lexicalization。The following is a verification analysis of the general definition of lexicalization using popular nj bet365 in recent years as examples。

The meaning of a linguistic expression in the context is transformed into its normative meaning。This is the biggest advantage of lexicalization of popular nj bet365,It is also the main means of its formation。For example, the term "dimensionality reduction strike" comes from the plot of the science fiction novel "The Three-Body Problem",Composed by the sum of "dimensionality reduction" and "strike"。In the novel, it means using "light particles" to reduce the spatial dimension of the attack target,Making the opponent unable to survive in a low-dimensional space to achieve the purpose of attacking or even destroying the opponent,The background is that the attacker himself originally exists in a low-dimensional space or is a creature that can survive in a low-dimensional space。However,Now the meaning of this popular word has deviated from its original meaning,For "groups with high-end technology directly enter the field of low-end technology groups,It means "a crushing blow" to the latter,Example: "Dimensionality reduction blow from Wei Shen。”Popular semantics separated from the source meaning have completed the agreement within the language community,Formation of normative meaning,Even if some people accuse it of "misuse",There is no way to stop its popularity。Another example is the word “endorsement”: ①“Please endorse the check,And show your passport。”→②“This is indeed a negative endorsement。”——① is a verb shortened from the predicate phrase “writing on the back”,And ② is converted into a noun after re-analyzing the program class,The boundaries between morphemes are blurred or even disappeared,The semantics are also expanded to the meaning of "support" and "guarantee" through the metaphor mechanism。Zairu,The word "group leader" when friends and colleagues form a shopping group,The original meaning is the "head of the regiment" in the military establishment,In the context of goods procurement, the statutory meaning of "head of group purchasing" is expanded。This phenomenon can also be seen as the process of polysemy nj bet365 splitting into homophones due to contextual absorption of meaning。"The leader of group buying" can also be said to be "the leader of group buying" and "the organizer of group buying",If these phrases are inputs to lexicalization,The output terminal will definitely not be the "leader",It may be "Tuantou" etc.。But the word "leader" on the output end has the same pronunciation and the same word as the existing word "leader",The charm of homophonic figures of speech in the popularity of popular nj bet365 makes "head" win、The defeat of "Tuantou" is inevitable。Of course,These conventions require contextual support。

  The evolution of non-nj bet365 into nj bet365.In the process,A certain language expression is included in the vocabulary system as a word or excluded from the grammar system。That is, the combination of form and meaning can no longer be explained by grammatical rules。For example, the phrase "Ten moved but refused" is derived from the short sentence "Very moved but still refused",Fixed into nj bet365 through the blending process,Intercepting involves the fusion of nj bet365 into a single morpheme or contraction through the process of compounding and abbreviation。For example, "十", "动", "Ran" and "Reject" are all single morphemes abbreviated from the four nj bet365 "Shi Shi", "Moved", "However" and "Reject" respectively,Then compounded into a contraction word。The output terminal "Shi Ge Ran Reject" has been completely "de-syntaxized",The morphemes are highly integrated and cannot be analyzed。Chinese popular nj bet365 "thinking carefully is extremely scary", "unconsciously sharp" and "happy to rush" are also examples of the evolution of the same path。Their etymologies are respectively the short sentences "I am extremely frightened when I think about it carefully", "I don't understand it but I feel it is awesome", "I like to hear it"、Great pleasure、Everyone celebrates、Running to tell each other”。Among them, "不conscious of the sharpness" turns out to be "unconscious of the sharpness",Later jokingly called this。Jokingly claiming to have defeated what should be,Explanation that "reduction" in the world of buzzwords may not be very "reasonable"。

Symbols (strings) develop from abstract meaning to concrete meaning,Including the evolution of grammatical form to lexical form and affix to clitic form。For example, the top ten buzzwords "Sa" in 2020 has developed from an onomatopoeic morpheme (abstract meaning) into an interjection and adjective (concrete meaning),Means handsome and neat、Chicken and refreshing,Mostly used for women: "Zhensha!”“Too cool!”Another example is “XX control” which is an example of the evolution of affixes into attachments。nj bet365 takes the initial sound (con) of the English "complex" (complex),Japanese borrows its pronunciation "コン" as a suffix,Borrowed from the original Chinese language,Combined with the name of an item to form an attachment,Refers to a person who likes something extremely,Such as "mobile phone control", "text control", etc.。

Ordinary word meaning evolution,It is the process of rationalizing the meaning and form of nj bet365,It is also the process of standardization of new language entities at the lexical level。For example, "Jue Jue Zi",It is formed by the overdubbing of the adjective "Jue" in order to adapt to the cute atmosphere of the Internet and the popular suffix "子",Means "so awesome"。But it is relative to the analyzability of the adverb of degree "too" modifying the adjective "absolute" + the modal particle "LE" in "Too Jue",“Jue Jue Zi” has been completely de-rationalized in meaning and form,It is highly integrated and cannot be analyzed。Another example is "Versailles", which is a borrowed word from the etymology of the next section,But its method of lexicalization of popular nj bet365 belongs to semantic evolution-de-justification。Its evolution path is: Versailles (Palace) → metonymy "rich" → metonymy "pretending to show off wealth casually"。

Lexicalization is the formation of vocabulary,Refers to the process by which language develops lexical means of encoding various meanings。This kind of lexicalization is a common process of word formation,First it includes derivation、Composite、Cut、Integration、Acronyms, etc.。This subcategory also includes phonetic word formation,That is, a word formation method that connects a certain sound with a certain meaning。For example, "neck scarf" is a popular word created using the homophony of "microblog"。In addition, this subcategory also includes borrowed nj bet365,nj bet365 borrowed from foreign languages。For example, the word "maker" comes from the English word "Maker",Refers to those who can use the Internet to turn their various ideas into actual products。"Metaverse" is a direct translation of "Metaverse",In the category of buzzwords, it means the virtual reality online world supported by Internet technology。

  nj bet365 and grammaticalization interface.The important feature of the grammaticalization of popular nj bet365 is the evolution from closed lexical characteristics to open grammatical characteristics,Generally manifested after completion of lexicalization,Grammaticalization of intra-word components,The main feature is a sudden increase in productivity。For example, after "Freedom" in "Cheerilee Freedom" expanded from the original "action" to "the amount of items" and became a buzzword,quickly popular。There is no objection that the usage of these "〇〇Freedom" comes from "financial freedom"。Afterwards,"Freedom of vegetable markets" and "Freedom of light meals" were rapidly derived,It can be seen that the use of constitutive expressions is very arbitrary。This is a reflection of the rapid increase in productivity of this structure,Indicates that the construction has moved from lexicalization to grammaticalization。It conforms to the grammatical "is an evolution" - (explanation omitted);"Output may be... in attached form" - "free" has become a suffix;"Host extension,Involving the increase of form and example productivity", "example productivity is unlimited" - it can be followed by any countable noun host - and many other grammatical features。Also,“Freedom” breaks the restriction that only action nouns can be followed,Can be seen as a manifestation of decategorization。When the "grass" in the popular nj bet365 "planting grass", "growing grass" and "pulling grass" means "an object of desire", it has a popular semantic meaning,Also activates the grammaticalization mechanism of the intra-word component "grass",Suffixification of ready-made nj bet365。The suffix (grammar) of the intra-word components of the above lexicalized nj bet365 forms the interface between lexicalization and grammaticalization。

The lexicalization and grammaticalization evolution of popular nj bet365 is "naturalness",That is, phenomena attributed to natural science,The laws of nature are not subject to human will。With the development of network multimedia,Buzzwords will continue to be produced according to the laws of language evolution,There are both positive and derogatory meanings,There are positives and negatives。Praise and criticism, both positive and negative, are indispensable for conveying meaning and communicating ideas。At the same time,The use of popular nj bet365 is quite "social",That is, behavior with social science attributes,Social behavior can be intervened by humans。People can understand public opinion through the use of popular nj bet365 in society,It can also be used for intervention guidance,So it is also an important observation point in the sociology of language。

In summary,The formation of popular nj bet365 is a typical result of lexicalization,The diverse characteristics of popular nj bet365 cover many methods of lexicalization,From its formation process, we can see the big from the small,Get a glimpse into the overall situation of lexicalization。Therefore,The significance of “miniature models” cannot be underestimated。

 (The author is the person in charge of the National Social Science Foundation Project "Comparative Research on the Interface of Grammaticalization and nj bet365 between Chinese and Japanese"、Professor of Zhejiang Yuexiu Foreign Languages ​​University)

Editor: Zhang Jing
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