Study on the relationship between language and gene，The earliest dates back to the 1950s。The founder of the United States generated grammar founder, N. Chomsky published "Sentence Structure" in 1957，A linguistic revolution has set off a linguistic revolution。He thinks，Children have a language to get a device，Is a biological talent。After that，囿 囿 囿 囿 囿 囿 At that time, the research conditions of biology at that time could not be empirical，People pay more attention to the theory in language、Psychological、Impact in the fields of cognition。

early 21st century，The top international science and technology journal "Nature" published a cooperation study of three scholars of Oxford University，Research found that the foxp2 gene is directly related to the human throat and mouth movement。Clinical，mutation of this gene can cause sound and speech difficulties，With language and grammar damage。This is the first case found in the academic community that is directly related to language。The following year，"Nature" also published a research led by German scholar W.enard，Further discovers the two amino acid variants of foxp2 can only be human，There are no gorillas and other spiritual long animals。Language is an important symbol of modern humans，foxp2 is directly related to the appearance of modern people。Since then，Biology world has ushered in a rush of language gene research。Although there are also corrections or doubts，But the close relationship between FOXP2 and language is recognized。

Foxp2 language gene discovery，Supported Jamesky's biological talent assumptions，Biological steering is brought to linguistics research，It also proposed a new topic for language evolution research: whether there Bet365 app download is language or a language gene，or the two appear at the same time?

At present, there is a major concept of jumping in the linguistic industry、Three viewpoints of progressive view and post -now view。

　　Bet365 app download It advocates that language and language genes appear at the same time，Represents are genetic scholars，The biggest influence in today's academic circles。The main assumption is: 150,000 years ago，A human ancestor has experienced a small genetic mutation，With the ability of "merging" (that is, merged the two concepts to get a composite concept)。"merger" is the optimal computing system for thinking，The human brain has sincere thinking。In the later stage，This way of thinking is externalized，Forming words and communication。That is to say，"merger" was originally serving thinking，Then promote it in words，Promoting it into the words of people and people。James continues this proposition based on articles published in 2021，He pointed out，More and more evidence indicates，The core elements of language official energy are appearing with modern people，No change afterwards。

The concept of jump can well explain the essence of human and animals。Animals even after long -term domestication，There is no ability to "merge"。Experimental reports as early as 1993，Gorilla can only learn to generate two compound words with two slots。People can keep merging。The concept of jump can also explain the mother tongue acquisition very well: when children get their mother tongue，Not only stimulates poverty，Not subject to geographical restrictions，and not effortless，You can complete in about three years old，The sign is that children can output complete、New sentence。According to the concept of jumping，The syntax of the symbol of gene mutation is "the simplest"，At the same time, it is "full"，Only the object of merging is obtained by the day after tomorrow。For example, the object bet365 best casino games of merging is English，English becomes mother tongue，The combined object is Chinese，Chinese is a mother tongue。

Some scholars believe that the concept of jumping is logically eliminated the possibility of falsification，It does not meet the genetic research mode。In genetic research，Persevere multi -level method，To distinguish the genotype and Phenotype，The former is the essence，The latter is performance，But genetic mutations cannot be compatible with multi -level methods。

We believe that this criticism may be a bit of blame。3128_3146，But the language characteristics of observation and description belong to the expression type。If you want to continue to ask the brain how to create these expression types，It is more complicated。As Jamesky published in the article in "Language Exploration" in 2005，May involve genes、Interaction of experience and multiple cognitive capabilities。

　　Graduation.Proposal synchronization of language and language genes，But to experience the evolution stage，Gradually mature。Early viewpoints can be seen in Pingc (s.pinker) and so on，They think that the gradual evolution of language will lead to internalization。So，Language official can be a product of genes -the common evolution of cultural evolution。L. Progovac's view of 2020，Language evolution and self -domestication of human beings form a feedback circuit。Self -domestication mainly refers to the management of aggressive。There are two types of aggressiveness: passive reaction attack、Active attack。The early stages of language evolution are related to the domestication of the passive reaction attack，In the later stages, actively attacked the association with active attack。There are four stages in total: independent word stage (such as run!)、There are two simple compound stages with two slots (such as Cry-Baby)、and the structural stage of the physical hierarchy、Tense and topics are used to convey non -shared knowledge phase。

bet365 best casino games Thoughts of the Graduation Perspective There are four sources: Darwin's "Sports Competitive Selection" theory、The simplest solution of Jamesky、Sentence "Living Fossil" thought、B. Heine (B. Heine), etc. proposed "internal structure drafting" method。The advantage of this view is: consistent with the natural evolutionary thoughts of evolution，Verification of the brain imaging experiments of modern neuroscience。

but，Grade Guan also faces difficulties。If the sentence method is decomposed into several stages，From simple to complex，From low to advanced，It will involve a very complicated process，far from the explanation of evolution。Subjacence，It is difficult to explain its abstraction and arbitrarily from the perspective of evolution。The so -called language fossils cannot be recorded in literature records。

　　Later view.It is advocated that there are language genes before there are language genes，Language is a cultural product。Some scholars think that language genes are generated after language solidification，Not the first。"From signal to symbols" believes that before the language is generated，People have the mind、hierarchical structure、hierarchical structure、Sound control, etc.，Language is therefore a product of cultural evolution。In terms of demonstration method，The book gradually evolves the gradual evolution of human lifestyle and culture with the gradual evolution of cognition and language ability，Think of human sentence ability (such as the structure of the sentence)，It is obtained from the manufacturing stone tool。This，The gene foundation of the manufacturing tool is language gene。

The superiority of the post -view of the post -view is to outline the evolution process of human lifestyle and culture，From Jane to Fan，From single to change，and connect with human cognition and language。But this view is facing difficulties in the interpretation of language genes。Provevank bet365 live casino games believes that in genetic evolution，tend to write the easier to obtain into the gene，Obtaining language is obviously easier than manufacturing tools (people can learn language when they are young，But it is impossible to learn to make tools); however,，Sentence method is complicated than manufacturing tools，There are a lot of hierarchical structures in the sentence、Abstract category, etc.，No manufacturing tool，But the child obtains the method and method is faster than the learning tools，This is an unable to explain the present view。

　　From the perspective of language commonality and personality, the three views have their own advantages.Leaping concept can better explain the unity of language。The hierarchical structure of the language、Structure to the heart、Switching and other general features can be clearly explained。For example, after X+Y merged，If you merge with Z，Not simple X+Y+Z，Instead (x+y)+z，This has a hierarchical structure。If the central language of (x+y) is determined as x，The heart structure appears。If ((X+Y)+Z) and X merge，A displacement appears。Merge by continuous nested，until generated the desired sentence。merging operation allows humans to be separated from the restrictions of the current scene "Talking about the Emperor and the present"，Human beings therefore have real thinking and mind。

　　Later viewing can better explain the diversity of language.Take language as a cultural product，Can better study the differences in world language，Including audio、Vocabulary、sentence method, etc.。For example, sound system，All languages ​​have consonant and vowels，But the number of phonet people in each language is different，Some only have 11，Some have 150。Many languages ​​only have three voices，average is 5，But English is more，There are 15，Although there are only 6 Although it is written。Vocabulary structures are also very different。Adhesive language is mainly used in English to form words，But in PolySynthetic，There are a large amount of adhesion to achieve English adjective、Parallel and even the function of the sentence，A "word" expresses the complex meaning expressed in a phrase or a sentence in Indo -Europe。Sentence is the same，Some languages ​​have no adjectives and adverbs，Some languages ​​have quantitative words、Portal verb，Indo -European language rarely has this。There are tens of thousands of language in propenations in some languages，English and other Indo -European language is not much。

　Graduation of the perspective takes into account the unity and diversity interpretation of the language.In uniformity，Like a jump view，The basic operation of the language "merge" is the result of gene mutation，But you need to experience evolution，The grammar is gradually "full"。Because of this process，Diversity of language appears。Take an example，Graduation view believes that the original sentences are both molds of two grooves，For example, a verb and noun merge together，I did not specify whether the noun was the subject or the object，It has generality。When developing the hierarchical structure，You need to add another noun ingredient as the second participant of the verb，At this time，The original relationship between "moving+name" is clear。There are two development directions: adding one to participants，It will evolve as a grid language (Ericative Language)，such as Dirbal language in Australia; adding a matter of the matter of the matter，will evolve the Binger Language (Accusative Language)，Ru English。Usually，The increased person's ingredients are optional，The ingredients of the subject are compulsory。This explains the source of the two major language types in the type。

Recent，The study of the academic community has increased empirical research，Some restore the ancient DNA from the ancient protein of the cave to compare bet365 best casino games the research gene，Some studies of non -verbal control functions in the lung and other tissues in some studies，Some use near -infrared spectrum technology to observe whether the brain activity of new babies is sensitive to the restrictions of universal audio，Another design artificial language，Display the learning ability of grammatical ability through control experiments。In short，Deepening Language Gene Research，Looking for more evidence to verify that various hypotheses are new research trends。

　(The author is the person in charge of the State Social Science Fund Project "Research on Chinese Cuttering Words based on the principle of vocabulary integrity"、Professor of Hangzhou Normal University)