Research on the relationship between Bet365 lotto review and genes，Dating back to the 1950s。Chomsky (N, the founder of American generative grammar. Chomsky) published "Syntactic Structure" in 1957，set off a revolution in linguistics。He thinks，Children are born with a Bet365 lotto review acquisition device，It is a biological talent。After，Due to the biological research conditions at that time, it was not possible to prove it，People therefore pay more attention to the theory in Bet365 lotto review、Psychology、Influence in cognitive and other fields。

Early 21st century，Nature, the top international science and technology journal, published a collaborative study by three scholars from the University of Oxford，Research has found that the FOXP2 gene is directly related to the oral movement of the human larynx。Clinical，Mutations in this gene can cause vocalization and speech difficulties，With impaired Bet365 lotto review and grammar。This is the first gene directly related to Bet365 lotto review discovered by the academic community。Next year，Nature published another article by German scholar Enard (W.Enard，It was further discovered that two amino acid variants of FOXP2 are only found in humans，Neither gorillas nor other primates。Bet365 lotto review is an important symbol of modern humans，FOXP2 is therefore directly related to the emergence of modern humans。Since then，The world of biology has ushered in a boom in Bet365 lotto review gene research。Although there are also corrections or questions，But FOXP2’s close relationship with Bet365 lotto review is recognized。

Discovery of FOXP2 Bet365 lotto review gene，Supports Chomsky’s biological endowment hypothesis，Brought a biological turn to linguistic research，It also raises a new topic for the study of Bet365 lotto review evolution: whether Bet365 lotto review or Bet365 lotto review genes came first，Or both at the same time？

At present, the linguistic circle mainly has the concept of transition、Three views: progressive Bet365 lotto review and post-appearance Bet365 lotto review。

　　Bet365 lotto review leap change.Proposes that Bet365 lotto review and Bet365 lotto review genes appear at the same time，The representative is a generative grammar scholar，The greatest influence in today’s academic circles。The main hypothesis is: 150,000 years ago，There was a human ancestor who experienced a small genetic mutation，Have the ability to "merge" (that is, combine two concepts together to obtain a composite concept)。“Merge” is the optimal calculation system of thinking，The human brain has thought since then。At a later stage，This way of thinking is externalized，Formulating speech and communication。In other words，“Merge” originally served thinking，Then it is extended to speech，Extend it to verbal communication between people。Chomsky’s 2021 article continues this assertion，He pointed out，More and more evidence，The core elements of Bet365 lotto review faculties emerged with modern humans，No changes since then。

The concept of cataclysm can well explain the essential difference between humans and animals。Animals even after long-term domestication，Bet365 lotto review is no "merge" ability。Bet365 lotto review was an experimental report as early as 1993，gorillas can only learn to generate compound words with at most two slots。People can continue to merge。The jump view can also explain the acquisition of mother tongue well: when children acquire their mother tongue，Not only stimulates poverty，No geographical restrictions，And effortlessly，Can be completed at around three years old，The sign is that children can output complete、Newly created sentences。According to the concept of transition，The syntax that co-occurs with genetic mutations is the "simplest"，Also "full"，Only the merged objects are obtained later。For example, the merged object is English，English becomes the mother tongue，The merged object is Chinese，Chinese becomes the mother tongue。

Some scholars believe that the jump view logically excludes the possibility of falsification，Bet365 lotto review also not consistent with the genetic research model。In genetic research，Insist on a multi-layered approach，That is to distinguish between genotype and phenotype，The former is the essence，The latter is a manifestation，But the gene mutation theory is not compatible with the multi-level method。

We think this criticism may be a bit demanding。Although "merging" itself cannot distinguish genotype and phenotype，But the Bet365 lotto review features observed and described are all phenotypes。If you want to continue to ask how the brain creates these phenotypes，It’s a little more complicated。As Chomsky said in his 2005 article in "Bet365 lotto review Exploration"，Genes may be involved、Experience and the interaction of multiple cognitive abilities。

　　Progressive Bet365 lotto review.Proposes that Bet365 lotto review and Bet365 lotto review genes occur simultaneously，But it has to go through an evolutionary stage，Gradually becoming mature。An earlier view can be found in Pinker (S.Pinker) etc.，They believe that the gradual evolution of Bet365 lotto review leads to internalization。Therefore，Bet365 lotto review function is a product of gene-culture co-evolution。Progovank (L. Progovac) 2020 opinion，Bet365 lotto review evolution and human self-domestication form a feedback loop。Self-taming mainly refers to the management of aggression。There are two types of aggression: passive reactive aggression、Active attack。Early stages of Bet365 lotto review evolution associated with domestication of reactive aggression，Later stages are associated with proactive attacks。There are four stages in total: single word stage (such as Run！）、Simple composite stage with two slots (like cry-baby)、Transitive hierarchy stage、Tense and topic are used to convey non-shared knowledge stage。

There are four sources of the idea of ​​gradualism: Darwin’s theory of “natural selection”、Chomsky’s simplest solution、The "living fossil" idea of ​​syntax、Hain (B. The "internal construction" method proposed by Heine et al.。The advantage of this view is that Bet365 lotto review consistent with the idea of ​​natural evolution in the theory of evolution，It can also be verified by brain imaging experiments of modern neuroscience。

But，Progressive view also faces difficulties。If the syntax is broken down into several stages，From simple to complex，From low level to high level，It will involve a very complicated process，Far beyond what evolution can explain。For example, the proximity condition (Subjacency) that limits syntactic shifts，Its abstractness and arbitrariness are difficult to explain from an evolutionary perspective。The so-called Bet365 lotto review fossils cannot be supported by documentary records。

　　Post-present Bet365 lotto review.Proposes that Bet365 lotto review comes first and then Bet365 lotto review genes，Bet365 lotto review is a cultural product。Some scholars believe that Bet365 lotto review genes are generated after Bet365 lotto review is solidified，Not first。"From Signals to Symbols" believes that before the emergence of Bet365 lotto review，People have minds、Causal reasoning、Hierarchical structure、Voice control, etc.，Bet365 lotto review is therefore a product of cultural evolution。In terms of argumentation methods，The book connects the gradual evolution of human lifestyles and culture with the gradual evolution of cognitive and Bet365 lotto review abilities，Think of people’s syntactic ability (such as syntactic hierarchical structure)，Obtained from making stone tools。This way，The genetic basis for making tools is the Bet365 lotto review gene。

The superiority of postmodernism is that it outlines the evolution of human lifestyle and culture，From simple to traditional，From single to varied，And linked to human cognition and Bet365 lotto review。But this view faces difficulties in explaining Bet365 lotto review genes。Progovank believes that in genetic evolution，Tend to write genes that are easier to obtain，It is obviously easier to acquire Bet365 lotto review than to make tools (people can learn languages ​​at a young age，But it is impossible to learn to make tools)；However，Syntax is far more complex than manufacturing tools，There are a lot of hierarchical structures in the syntax、Abstract categories, etc.，No manufacturing tools，But children acquire syntax faster and earlier than they learn to make tools，This is something that postmodernism cannot explain。

　　From the perspective of Bet365 lotto review commonality and individuality, the three views have their own merits.The jump view can better explain the unity of Bet365 lotto review。Hierarchical structure of Bet365 lotto review、Central structure、Universal characteristics such as displacement can be clearly stated。For example, after the merger of X+Y，If merged with Z，It’s not just X+Y+Z，But (X+Y)+Z，This creates a hierarchical structure。If the central Bet365 lotto review of (X+Y) is determined to be X，The centripetal structure appears。If ((X+Y)+Z) and X are merged，Displacement appears。Merging through continuous nesting，Until the desired sentence is generated。The merge operation allows humans to break away from the constraints of the current scene and "talk about the past and the present"，Human beings thus have real thoughts and minds。

　　The postmodern Bet365 lotto review can better explain the diversity of languages.Regard Bet365 lotto review as a cultural product，Can better study the differences exhibited by the world's languages，includes phonology、Vocabulary、Syntax, etc.。Such as sound system，All languages ​​have consonants and vowels，But the number of phonemes in each Bet365 lotto review is different，Some only have 11，Some have 150。Many languages ​​only have three vowels，The average is 5，But more English，There are 15，Although there are only 6 written out。The vocabulary structure varies greatly between languages。Adhesive morphemes are mainly used to form words in English，But in polysynthetic，There are a large number of adhesive morphemes used to realize English adjectives、The function of adverbs and even syntax，A "word" expresses the complex meaning of a phrase or sentence in Indo-European。The same goes for syntax，Some languages ​​do not have adjectives and adverbs，Some languages ​​have quantifiers、Adverb，Indo-European languages ​​rarely have these。Some languages ​​have tens of thousands of onomatopoeias，There are not many Indo-European languages ​​such as English。

　The progressive view takes into account both the unity of Bet365 lotto review and the diversity of explanations.In unity，Same as the concept of transition，Considering that the "merging" of the basic operations of Bet365 lotto review is the result of genetic mutation，But it needs to undergo evolution，The grammar is gradually becoming "full"。Because of this process，Bet365 lotto review diversity has just emerged。Give an example，The asymptotic view holds that the original sentences are all models of two slots，For example, verbs and nouns are merged together，It is not initially specified whether the noun is subject or object，It is universal。When developing towards a hierarchical structure，Need to add another nominal component as the second participant of the verb，At this time，The transitive relationship between "verb + name" becomes clear。There are two development directions: adding an agent participant upwards，will evolve an ergative Bet365 lotto review，Like the Dilbar Bet365 lotto review in Australia；Add a subject argument downwards，will evolve accusative Bet365 lotto review，As in English。Normally，The added agentive component is optional，The subject element is mandatory。This explains the origin of the two major Bet365 lotto review types in typology。

Recently，The academic community has increased empirical research，Some ancient DNA has been restored from ancient proteins in cave sediments to compare and study genes，Some studies have studied the non-verbal control function of FOXP2 in the lungs and other tissues，Some use near-infrared spectroscopy technology to observe whether the brain activity of newborn babies is sensitive to common phonological constraints，There are also artificial languages ​​for designing，Reveal the influence of learning ability on grammatical ability through controlled experiments。Anyway，Deepening research on Bet365 lotto review genes，Looking for more evidence to verify various hypotheses is a recent research trend。

　(The author is the person in charge Bet365 lotto review National Social Science Foundation Project "Research on Chinese Liquors Based on the Principle of Lexical Integrity"、Professor of Hangzhou Normal University)