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The emotional steering bet365 best casino games of international relations research and the cause of the British participation in the British

April 16, 2020 00:54 Source: "China Social Sciences", April 16, 2020, No. 1908 Author: Liang Jun

　　Emotions are defined as a strong feeling or "instinct that is different from rational and knowledge"，Products that are often regarded as irrational or original instincts in the past。However, related studies of contemporary neuroscience confirmation，Human brain is making a decision，Cognitive and emotion often acts at the same time，Affects each other，Unlike inseparable。This discovery means，Strong emotion，Like Angry、Fear、Hope or disgust, etc., also shape people's choice results。In fact，"By studying emotions will help us clarify people’s behavior motivation，Clarified what inspired people's actions and which elements affecting people's decision -making "。Therefore，As a element that interacts with rationality as a decision -making process，Emotion should not be simply over。

　　Promoted by the above research results，A extensive "emotional steering" movement has affected political science、History、Many disciplines including sociology。In the field bet365 best casino games of international relations，In recent years, a group of scholars have also begun to pay attention to the impact of emotional factors on foreign decision -making。Frank Costigriola pointed out，George Kainan's complex emotions for the Soviet Union have exacerbated the deterioration of the US -Soviet relations at the beginning of the Cold War; William Rio Grald also thinks，In the late 1950s, the Cuban Revolutionary regime decided to adopt the so -called "serious threat" policy of US interests，Great disgusting to Fedel Castro's revolutionary remarks，Makes the United States in power preconceived bet365 best casino games to determine that it cannot coexist with the new regime of Cuba; another scholar Barbara Kelce thinks，Although Henry Kissinger performed like a great realist in the 1970s，But he also has "good temper、Another side of jealousy and self -doubt。In the Fourth Middle East War in 1973，The behavior of the Soviet Union caused the strong "betrayal" caused by Kissinger，Become a catalyst that promotes the upgrade of the United States and the Soviet Union。

　　In recent years，Scholars have also studied the major decisions of the British government on the eve of First World War from an emotional perspective。Well -known，After the fierce debate of the British cabinet on August 2, 1914，British changed the practice of negatively treated the Balkans in the past，Finally made a major decision to participate in the war。Reasons for the reason，Existing research either regards it as a product of the British decision -making layer to put the British and French contract into practice，Either think it reflects that the United Kingdom is like a century ago against Napoleon's European hegemonic ambitions，Fighting for the Out of Germany's dominance of Europe。In related discussion，Although emotional factors are also mentioned，But the impact is completely limited to the level of the public。But，Once the decision makers themselves，Related about the process and results of British decision -making by rational decision -making。

　　Careful interpretation of relevant literature，We will notice strong emotional infiltration: when the war crisis is approaching，On the one hand，The British government held a conference to negotiate countermeasures for no results，Decision layer physical and mental exhaustion，The government is almost completely split due to the huge internal and external pressure: Churchill, the representative of the main battle faction, has become "good" and bet365 live casino games "irresponsible"，Mobilized the Royal Navy in advance; the "non -interference" sent the leader of the Finance Minister Laohe George, but it seemed uncertainty and irritable; and a group of officials in favor of the Peaceist route would be revealed because they were worried that the British would get involved in the European War. Pessy、Desperate emotion，Even planned to resign for this;，It is also uneasy because of the doubts of the British (possible) participation in the war.。Insomnia、Digestion、Excessive anxiety and other symptoms have almost become the "epidemic disease" that plagues most government members，Everyone is suffering from whether they can avoid the prospects of the war。

　　On the other hand，Facing the crisis，Including Prime Minister Arisquis、Foreign Minister Gray, British core leaders, shows strong emotional control ability。Prime Minister Asti Squiri does not move at the cabinet meeting，Against Churchill mobilized the Royal Navy in a low -key way; when facing the anti -war protests of Laohe George and others，Prime Minister just listen patiently，"Don't Send a word"，No comment; when the British government conducts a fierce debate or not to participate in the battle or not，The recreational activity hosted by Prime Minister can still be held as usual，His calmly attitude with Thailand has created some kind of "pleasant atmosphere"。The entire crisis period，Personal charm of Prime Minister Asti Square -calmly、Patience、Flexible and high emotional quotient performed vividly，"National Wealth", which is known as its compatriots at a time。

　　Similar to Astris，The calmness and sense of responsibility of the Foreign Minister Gray also left a deep impression。According to colleagues' memories，As the helm of the UK Foreign Ministry who continues to endure heavy pressure，Always meticulous、Grey, known for its serious attitude bet365 Play online games and attitude, performs extremely sophisticated when treated with the development of the situation、Calm。People notice，Although the crisis has made Gray "look like aging for ten years a month ago"，But he can still weight weightlifting、An Zhiruo — Not only is it always dressed and decent，Sometimes even fierce disputes in the cabinet to take an hour to observe birds in the zoo，Therefore, to the outside world shows a good ability to cultivate and emotional self -control of a state -owned activist。Reasons for the reason，Maybe as he mentioned in the memoir，"Although the war is nearing close，However, people should perform their duties in their position "。

　　For those cabinets who may resign due to political opinions in political opinions，Asti and Gray often resort to public responsibility、Honor and loyalty to vigorously retain。Considering that the United Kingdom, which relies on maritime trade, is extremely sensitive to performing contracts，Plus "Honor、Emotionally complained to loyalty and courage，and the condemnation and attack on coward and betrayal behaviors are one of the most influential factors dominated by the male dominated by the male "，Astris and others emphasized the emotional emphasis on "the necessity of defending the honor of British"，I have obtained the recognition of government members of the "interference" and "non -interference" government，and therefore seek the same existence，Reduce due to differences、Officials' resignation of the destructive effect on government decision -making。Final，Under the call of Asti and Gray and others，Only two cabinet members withdraw from the government，and other ministers chose to do hardship with the country。

　　It should be said，The consensus created by the emotional bond eases the tense political atmosphere to a certain extent，But it is still impossible to ensure that members bet365 best casino games of the government reach an agreement on major issues。Because of historical data indication，until July 29、On the 30th, British Cabinet hypothetical discussion on the participation issues，Many officials still think，According to the British and French Association,，Although Britain has obligations to France，But it should not make further commitments to participate in the war; when discussing the Britain of Belgium that ensures the responsibility of the British，The decision -making layer is also "related to the British National Games"，Whether the conflict on the performance of the contract will not be controlled。The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has a strong support attitude and the Ministry of Finance for his professional and emotional preferences for his career and emotional preferences、Labor and Peaceri "sincere" non -interference call calls to make other members of the government move，Also dilemma of Asti and others with interference tendencies，I can't determine。

　　But，On August 2nd, Germany invaded Belgium to show its full contempt for British interests and sensitive psychology。For this，Even the ministers and members of the "non -interference" have to condemn the provocative behavior of Germany。The always calm Gray Yiyi filled with anger，It is determined that Germany is the culprit to launch war，condemn "Berlin's crime is difficult to escape"。The proposal of Germany since then -such as the British wartime maintenance，Germany will abandon the European territory that merged France and restore Belgium territorial integrity after the war，It even made the British government angry，Because this means that Germany is at the cost of letting opponents sweep the floor，Requires Britain to actually recognize the legitimacy of its invasion of Belgium。At this moment，The obligation to fulfill Belgium is bet365 best casino games no longer just an international law problem for Britain，Instead, it is closely related to the huge indignation inspired by German aggression and being shameful。For British decision -making level，This feeling is just as the Prime Minister Astius said，"Once the sacred international obligations are fulfilled into the (State Activist's) private field，It will not only be an international law obligation，And is still the honor that anyone with self -esteem can not give up "。After a few days，Gray mentioned that in Parliament's speech, although Britain should build decisions on the basis of weighing interests rather than emotional affairs，But Germany's behavior brings a deep despair to British political elites、The feeling of disillusionment has actually paved the road for the latter's choice。Final，The requirements for fulfilling the obligations of the treaty and moral indignation have contributed to the British declare war against Germany。

　　Of course，Emotional elements should not be exaggerated。Decisions of Britain's participation in Britain on the eve of World War I，Maybe to resort to the common role of emotions and rationality to explain the cause of the cause is more secure，But Western scholars according to historical materials，But I have the following views，That is, compared to rationality，Strong emotional and emotional rebound is the biggest pusher to pull Britain into the warfare。

　　In international relations，Emotion and rationality are part of the inseparable part of objective reality，Although the two may be reflected in different individuals in different individuals。Decisions are often under the action of some emotion，Culture in the culture (such as Hobbes Culture、Locke Culture or Kant Culture, etc.) The process of being expected to do in the process of being expected。In this sense，The essence of the "emotional steering" bet365 best casino games of international relations is actually paying attention to "Discussion on complex humanity"，It is undoubtedly beneficial for deepening the existing traditional international history research。But from the eyes of Marxism，War is "continuing political"。Emotional research enriches the understanding of things，But it is also very likely to distort the essence of changes in things。

　　(Author Unit: School of History and Culture, Huazhong Normal University)

Editor in charge: Changchang