Since the 1990s，Cross -border trade and cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent，Border tourism began to attract the attention of the industry and academic circles。The academic community is generally considered，Boundary effect (including shielding effects and intermediary effects) is the key to affecting the implementation of government policy。Where，The shielding effect comes from the elements that hinder the flow of tourists，Including physical disorders (such as defense work、border fence, etc.) and psychological barriers (such as the economy of different countries、Psychological pressure that the political and social and cultural environment brings tourists); the intermediary effect comes from the elements of contact and communication on both sides of the border，such as exotic style、Cross -border trade、Cultural communication, etc.。

　Bet365 lotto review The focus of two -way tourism development

Practice proof，The policy of eliminating physical disorders can indeed show a significant effect in the short term。such as，After the EU countries signed the Schengen Agreement，One after another to cancel the control of border roads in various countries and accept a unified Schengen visa，greatly stimulated the development of the border tourism industry in various countries。Not only that，As international transportation is increasingly convenient、The rapid development of communication technology，Border from the barrier to restrict tourists' spatial displacement and behavioral freedom，Benefiting an attraction that stimulates its travel motivation，Boundary intermediary effects have become the motivation of driving the development of border tourism。Therefore，More and more countries support cross -border tourism cooperation，To promote the border shielding effect bet365 Play online games to the intermediary effect。But，Many areas of global cross -border tourism cooperation，There are few successful cases。

Although there are regions on both sides of the border、Economy、There are many differences in cultural and social life，But these differences can always pass effective marketing planning，Converted into an attractive border tourism product。Compared with it，System differences in the regions on both sides of the border are the key to form the shielding effect。Reasons for the reason，The border area is the national economy、Politics、Edge of Culture，is a portal open to the outside world。but，Cross -border tourism governance is very different from non -cross -border tourism governance -non -cross -border tourism only overcome different public sectors under the same system、The departmental differences between private enterprises and local communities can be used; cross -border tourism must overcome departmental differences，It is also necessary to overcome the system differences of different countries。If different regions、The system differences in different countries are too large，This asymmetric factor will form obstacles to cross -border tourism cooperation。

September 2010，Leaders of China and Russia issued the "Joint Statement on Comprehensively Deepening the Strategic Cooperative Partnership of China and Russia"; June 2012，The two parties signed the "Memorandum of understanding of the National Tourism Administration of the People's Republic of China and the Federal Tourism Agency on Russia"。In the context of the "Belt and Road" construction，China -Russia cooperation is constantly deepening，Tourism is the highlight of the cooperation between the two countries，Cross -border tourism cooperation is the focus of promoting the development of China -Russia two -way tourism。

Although China -Russia border areas have been actively carrying out cross -border tourism cooperation，But my country's growth in Russia's border tourism has little effect。The highest urban specifications in the province、The transportation distance is recent、The Bet365 lotto review most strong clearance capacity port Heihe as an example，Since the implementation of the "Belt and Road" construction in 2013，The number of entry tourists in Heihe City has decreased slightly through 435,000 people，recovered to 439,000 person -times in 2018; in 2019, it has improved in Russia's economic and trade and transportation，A significant increase appeared，The number of people in the country rose to 511,000 people。Reasons for the reason，Under the condition of significantly reduced physical and psychological disorders，Asymmetric system factors surfaced，Become a bottleneck that restricts the deepening of China -Russia cross -border tourism cooperation。With the strong support of the Chinese and Russian governments，2012-2013 is the year of China -Russia Tourism、2014-2015 is the year of friendly exchanges for young China and Russia、2016-2017 is the year of communication between China and Russia media、2018-2019 is the year of Sino -Russian local cooperation exchange，Related activities are lively in various places。As an important position for China -Russia tourism cooperation，Cities and cities in Heilongjiang Province actively carry out cooperation and exchanges，Holding the China -Russia World River International Ice Snow Challenge、Sino -Russian artist works joint exhibition、Sino -Russian University Student Joint Literary Performance、China -Russia Future Media People Create Challenge、Sino -Russian regional media exchange cooperation seminar、Sino -Russian Gemini City Exhibition、A series of activities such as the annual tourism and exchange of tourism cooperation between China and Russia。but，These festivals、Humanities Exchange、Cooperation seminars cannot fundamentally solve the problem of asymmetric system in the field of modern cross -border tourism cooperation。Therefore，2013-2018，Not only the number of people in Heihe City (mainly the Russian Federation) has not increased significantly，The number of federal tourists in bet365 best casino games Russia in Heilongjiang Province has even dropped from 972,900 to 854,400 people。

　Pay attention to asymmetrical system factors

Asymmetric system factors cover the national political system on both sides of the border、Differences on the regional governance system and industry management system。As far as the industrial operation mechanism is concerned，The development model of the Chinese tourism industry is to give priority to the development of immigration to increase foreign exchange reserves，Then develop domestic travel on the basis of economic prosperity，Then develop outbound tourism; governments at all levels implement strict industry management in the development of tourism，Gradually decentralized under the condition of increasing industrial maturity。Unlike China，After the establishment of the Russian Federation in 1991，The tourism industry begins to transform and restructure，But the early government's supervision of the tourism market was very loose，The market is relatively chaotic; in 1996, the Federal Federation introduced the first law "Basic Law on the Federal Federation"，It aims to strongly support domestic travel、Entry Tourism Development，and do not encourage large -scale outbound travel; in 2011, "Federal Federation Domestic and Entry Tour Development Outline (2011-2018)" was approved for implementation，Emphasize the importance of domestic and immigration。

Institutional factors not only lead to a significant difference in tourism traffic and service reception on both sides of the border，and make the financing channels and environment of the border areas of the two countries、Enterprise operation efficiency、Market order maintenance、There are many problems in the protection of consumer rights and interests，Objectively requesting China and Russia to conduct in -depth consultation、Coordinated pace and mutual understanding。In fact，Due to the long border between China and Russia，Asymmetric system factors become more complicated。Heilongjiang Province, which has the longest Sino -Russian borderline Bet365 app download as an example，3000 kilometers of more than a large amount of water transport、Highway and railway port，、Aluore、Habarovsk Wedneys、Jewish Prefecture、Binhai Wedneeper、Sahalin Prefecture and other types of administrative districts are adjacent to。Therefore，In Heilongjiang Province to carry out cross -border tourism cooperation，Not only should we pay attention to the national conditions between China and Russia，Also familiar with the various types of administrative regions of the Russian Federation in the economy、Political power composition and interest distribution，and its treaty relationship with the federal government。but，Due to language incompatibility and lack of communication，Local governments at the Sino -Russian border have established cooperative relationships，But this cooperative relationship 囿 in the field of tourism product development，The two parties did not follow the economy in real time、Politics、Development dynamics in the cultural field，Lack of impairment of asymmetric system and its political background、Ideology、In -depth understanding of the causes of cultural circle layers。

　Establish an effective mechanism for coordination of interests

Existing research indicates，Lack of participating cross -border tourism cooperation can easily lead to increasing competition between neighboring areas。Sino -Russian cross -border tourism cooperation requires tourism companies on the border between the two countries、Reach consensus between industry management departments and local governments，Establish an effective interest coordination mechanism in the cross -border background，Working together to achieve a win -win goal of both parties。Therefore，Breaking the various obstacles caused by the symmetrical system factors are imperative，can be considered from the following three aspects。

Improving the content and efficiency of the communication between the local governments of China and Russia through knowledge transfer。Organization Sino -Russian foreign language、Professional talents in the field of bet365 Play online games history and tourism，Establish a cross -border information exchange platform，Comprehensive interpretation of tourism policies and regulations on both sides of the Sino -Russian border、Tourism supply and demand structure and dynamics、Market supervision and rights protection channels，and related economic dynamics and fiscal and taxation policies、Administrative structure and management authority、Cultural preferences, etc.，Realize the differences of different countries、Knowledge transfer of the difference between administrative structure and management department differences。

Dedicated cross -border tourism cooperation project，Drive the local government of China and Russia to achieve a win -win goal。Cooperative development of cross -border tourism line，instead of the border tourist routes in the development of the territory，Through joint development、Save manpower，Save manpower、material resources and financial resources;，Improve service quality and efficiency。

Use emerging digital technology，Realizing the innovation of cross -border tourism cooperation model。May 2017，President Xi Jinping proposed at the opening ceremony of the "Belt and Road" international cooperation summit forum.，Construction of the "Digital Silk Road of the 21st Century"，and the Russian Federation is an important partner under the framework of the “Belt and Road” construction framework。Big Data Sharing is conducive to the realization of data stream between China and Russia、Information flow、Technical flow、Talent flow、Multi -directional movement between material flow，and Innovation Chain、Industrial Chain、Value Chain、Technical Chain、Co -construction sharing between the capital chain，so as to make cross -border tourism more convenient。With the help of blockchain、Virtual reality、Emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence，It can automate the process that needed a lot of time and manual intervention in the past、Intelligent，Reduce China bet365 Play online games and Russia in visa、Clearance、Reception and other aspects of service efficiency and quality asymmetry，and OTA platform cross -border payment、Safety problems，Provide technical support for the realization of China -Russia cross -border tourism。

(This article is the "Research on Cross -border Tourism Cooperation for Russia Border Regions" (18gle470) in Heilongjiang Province in Heilongjiang Province

(Author is an associate professor at the School of History and Culture Tourism, Heilongjiang University)