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　　From Henry Liefelh、Manuel Castle、David Harvey and other Western scholars have opened space critical theoretical research，This topic has also caused a warm response in the field of domestic philosophy and social sciences。Due to the monographs of Marxist urban philosophy very limited，The Western academic community has not yet been able to complete the systematic explanation of Marxist urban thoughts，This provides opportunities for the construction of academic theories that conform to Chinese experience and reality。Construction of Marxist city theory，It is both the cultural needs of Marxist discipline in response to the development of practice，Also shoulders the mission to show the advantages of the socialist system in the new era。At the same time, we should recognize，Discuss the differences in the position under the topic of urban space (such as urban ecological research、Urban Culture Research、​​Social, cultural geography, etc.) brought many difficult theoretical contradictions and ideological conflicts，The systematic system of academic theory has caused a lot of difficulties。Facing challenges from different schools and academic views，Only insist on the view of materialism history，Intervention in urban space with a path that criticizes political economy，Only to scientifically understand the subjectivity of urban space、The characteristics of social space form and its production logic，Avoid ideological towards disorder and "conceptualization"，Effectively resisting various errors。

　　Under the perspective of Marxist "division of labor"

　　In a sense,，The inspection of the "division of labor" laid the foundation for the formation of the historical view of materialism，This is also the primary premise of Marxist city thought。When writing "The Manuscript of Economics of 1844"，Marx has criticized the claim of "equating the essence of division of labor with labor" in Marx。The contradiction he accusing the national economics is that the essence of man is attributed to after labor，But the alienated division of labor is regarded as a thing that is equivalent to human activity，regards non -social capital interests as real social overall interests。Comparison below，Marx also agrees with Schotorch's three classifications of "division of labor" in the "Political Economics Course"。Among them, "general division of labor" relies on the pure physiological foundation of the primitive family and clan tribes; Born。In the first two types of division of labor，Products can exist alone as a product。In the third type of division of labor，Products with commodity nature rely on the products of various parts of work to unite。

Marx believes that there will be division of labor in the social forms of various history，Only the third type of "real division of labor" is born under the capitalist production method。The starting point of "division of labor" is not the nature and exchange activities of human beings，but originated from a specific social and historical form。"division of division of labor" is only an important reason for the separation of urban and rural areas，but not the only source of the city formed。This also means，The discussion of cities under the framework of materialism history is limited to a single context such as "division or real division of labor -civic society -contemporary cities" is not enough。Marx once mentioned a "organization" (commune) as a socialist needs。This type of "organization" (commune) is under the role of the first two types of division of labor，Able to supervise and adjust the production bet365 Play online games process，To satisfy self -needs to engage in product production。

　　Political Economics Criticism: The fundamental path of reconciling space and time

　　As the scale of division of labor is increasingly expanded，Capital in transportation network、Labor distribution、Multiple dimensions such as production location and ecological pattern participate in the creation of urban physical spaces。A "space worship education" idea that commercialized "space" appeared on the academic stage。Similar to the specified logic of "product worshiping and teaching"，"Space Worship and Education" ideas understand the geometry of urban space as the essential attribute of human activity。They attribute everything of society to "individual"，But this so -called "personal" mechanically attributed to the bourgeoisie or the working class，Binding the anxiety of the times with the essence of space，Fouc -style inference of "this kind of relationship with the same space is more than the relationship between the same time"。

The thoughts of "space worshiping and teaching", which is essential for the "urbanism" and "new liberalism" after the 1970s after the 1970s，To avoid the inequality of the rights in the city and the further extension of the gap between the rich and the poor，"Space Worship and Education" thought almost aroused the attention of the Western left -wing community as soon as it appeared，Urban theoretical scholars headed by Liefer Volly took the lead in opening and criticizing this trend of thought。Discussing politics and culture such as the historical view of the materialist history depends on the inspection of material reality and production methods。So，Inheritance and development of criticism of Marxist political economy，Liefelh's "Space Production Theory"、Castle's "collective consumerism" and Harvey's "historical geography materialism" and other Bet365 lotto review innovative ideas came into being。These ideas are historic analysis of the development of urban capital，Analyze the special attributes of urban capital，Grasping the essence of urban ideology provides a rich theoretical creation。

But，In the process of their respective research (especially in the early), they have questioned the view of Marx's space。For example: Liefelh believes that Marx only regards the "space" as the sum of production places except residence; David Harvey accuses Marx's work in the lack of thinking about "space"。In the process of building Marxist city theory, you should recognize，Western scholars made such a judgment. The main reason is the "dogma" understanding of the criticism of Marx's political economy。First，Marx does not have a so -called "space" vacuum zone in the text。"Space" integrates different forms such as "land", "residential", "traffic", "city and rural" into the entire creative career。Second，Marx's understanding of "space" is not limited to treating it as "the total of production venues"。The Declaration of the Communist Party shows the relationship between "space" and politics，and clarify the city's rule of rural areas。"Capital Theory" even shows the relationship between the form of currency and the logic of capital operation and the geographical space.。

The foundation for the establishment of political economy is the basis of Marxism's scientific insight in the material world and human society。The "space" form of a capitalist society cannot be understood from itself，Because it is rooted in the sum of material life relations。Marxism does not give up the discussion of the "space" itself，Instead, I saw space integration in the capital environment，Products by goods、allocation、Driven from exchange and consumption。The space and time under this premise completed the conversion bet365 live casino games of the essence of capital proliferation as the coordinate，Make "beyond all space boundaries" and "use time to eliminate space" to achieve。

　　Build a people -oriented development concept and practice

According to Marx's understanding，City is an object existence containing objective activities，Is the essence of human relations and evidence of its natural attributes。The process of the formation of the city is the performance of people constantly set their own essential power for realization。Regardless of politics、War、Religious and other factors to how much affect the formation of cities and the shape of space，The significance of the existence of the city is always to meet the needs of people's connection and survival。The purpose of Marxist city theory is not only to grasp the formation process of urban space、essential characteristics，It is to solve the various problems exposed in contemporary urbanization with reality as the foundation，Let the people live happily between urban and rural areas。To achieve this goal，It is necessary to establish the people -centered urban development concept，Perform the rights of residents。

Marx and Engels' views on time and space have always been from the perspective of development。Take time as the ruler of human life，See space as the existence of human development。Completion of time and space at the level of human existence，The core of the combination of the two is practice。Therefore, only fully take care of the people's freedom and comprehensive development，The city will go along the goal of "(naturally trending)" that the "(naturally tended)" explained by Aristotle，Then avoid the comprehensive compromise of urban space logic to capital logic。Criticism of the thought of Marxist city means that it will not choose to resort to some "complete and reasonable" moral principles，By constructing a certain "city justice bet365 best casino games paradigm" or "space equal distribution model" to solve the current status of inequality and incomplete development in real cities。This can not only solve the real problem，Instead, the theoretical height of Marxism is reduced。

Since the division of labor in human society，greatly improved the productivity and production efficiency of the entire society，but also caused the essential alienation of people。The ultimate goal of political economics is to start from eliminating division of labor，until completely eliminate alienation。Of course，Although we clearly know this ultimate goal，But I still have to know it dialectically，Always insist on seeking truth from facts in the process of implementation。The level of productivity in today's era has reached an unprecedented height，Capitalism has not showed its entire production potential，Socialism is still in the primary stage。Treatment of division of labor and capital，It can only be guided and cannot completely eliminate。So，Urbanized roads cannot only pursue the technical and efficiency of urban space construction，It is also necessary to continuously optimize the quality of the production method of urban society in the direction of people。

The guidance of practice of Marxist city theory，On the one hand, ensure the socialist characteristics of "urban space logic"。in production、allocation、exchange、The relationship between "capital logic" and "spatial logic" in various aspects of consumption，Prevent urban space construction from too tilting the value of use。On the other hand, focusing on the daily life of residents。For example, improve the conditions and degree of residents' possession of urban space itself，Improving the enthusiasm of residents to participate in urban space production management。Only two people take care of both，Urban development of socialism with Chinese characteristics，bet365 Play online games Reasonable allocation of urban space rights，All the achievements that allow urban development belong to all people。

　　(This article is the "Governance of Governance in Political Philosophy" (16zzd025) in the National Social Science Foundation's major project "Polication in Political Philosophy)

(Author Unit: School of Philosophy of Renmin University of China)