"Civilization" and "Culture" are two concepts with rich connotations but vague meaning。Historian Qian Mu thinks，"'Civilization'、‘Culture’ Trout，All translated from the West "，Both words refer to human group life，Although differently used，But the meaning is connected。The term "culture" may first originate from the ancient Roman politician Sissero，But this word became popular until the middle of the 18th century，The word "civilization" appeared in 1756。From 1871 British anthropologist Edward Taylor's masterpiece "Primitive Culture" was published until 1952，The definition of "culture" in the West has at least 164 species，Six types。Qian Mu thinks，"Civilization is leveled out，It is material aspect。Culture is leveled with，It is a spiritual aspect。Therefore civilization can spread and accept outward，Culture must be generated by the accumulation of the internal spirit of its group "。The facts invented by European and Americans according to modern industrial institutions，He thinks，"The person who knows that this mechanical is a culture，Application of this machine and cause the variety of life to be civilized。Culture can produce civilization，Civilization may not be able to produce culture "，This statement analyzes the relationship and characteristics of the two。

One of the characteristics of human society is a diverse civilization。Helpless concept of "civilization" has been politicized by colonialists in modern times，Human beings are divided into two categories: "civilization" and "barbaric": Europe/Westerners become "civilization" and "openness"Bet365 app download ，All others are classified as "barbaric" and "unbound" category。African philosopher Muddingbe believes，Cultural Ethnocentrismm in culture explains the ideological changes and struggles in the history and practice of social sciences。The concept of "civilization" has become an important part of Europe/Western colonial discourse and tools for conquest and exploit others。

1996，American politician Samuel Huntington published "The Conflict of Civilization and the Reconstruction of the World Order"，"Civilization" discussion again。But，Exaggerate "cultural differences", "Civilized conflict" or attach importance to "cultural exchanges" and "civilized mutual learning"，Emphasized the relationship between different civilizations。African writer Emi Saisar believes，"A civilization that proves that the problem that cannot solve it is decadent civilization。A choice of civilization, which is the most critical problem, is a pathological civilization。A civilization that uses its principle to deceive and fraud is a dying civilization。In fact，The so -called European civilization formed by the bourgeois rule of the two centuries -‘Western’ civilization cannot solve the two major problems caused by its existence: proletarian problems and colonial issues。Europe cannot defend itself in front of 'rational' or 'conscience'; and，It is more and more in the hypocrisy ... "In view of this，The academic community is really necessary to reflect on the concept of "civilization" in the West。One is the decision of civilization invincible environment，But restricted by the environment，Using materialized logo (such as wheel、domestication、Architecture、Weapon、Smosh、Language、Religion, etc.) as the universal nature of civilization definition is doubt。The second is Bet365 app download to explain three paradoxes with the concept of "civilization" in the West，That is, the "civilization" country has a greater strength to destroy the environment、The means of killing from each other are more cruel and the suicide rate is relatively high。

　　bet365 Play online games No matter which country occurs in industrialization，always cause ecological destruction、Crime Optimus、Environmental pollution and other problems。After World War II，Trade liberalization leads to north -south imbalances that lead to global wealth distribution，Unwavering distribution of the industrial chain brings huge environmental damage to the southern countries。Dangerous waste transfer、Forests of Forests of International Wood Trade and Development Countries、Wildlife trade and biological diversity gradually lose、Toxic chemicals have diffused globally and the pollution -intensive industries transfer to the south，The essence of these environmental problems is the unbalanced development of regional development and the infestation of the north and south order。British History Expert Philip Fernando Amesto believes，"Civilization has become something that is not worthy of maintenance。This is because the experience of the 20th century is too contradictory ... the creativity generated in the 20th century、Action、Science and technology omen、Plan、Autonomy is unprecedented achievements in human history。But this is also the strongest destroying war、Killing is the worst、The most cruel in the tyranny、The largest gap between the rich and poor、Environmental destruction is the most serious、Waste manufacturing the most、One century with the most thorough century "。Since 1992，All kinds of conferences related to the environment and development of the United Nations，Fundamentally denied the "high production since the Industrial Revolution、High Consumption、High pollution "development mode，Dedicated to create a sustainable future for humans，This is a wise decision。

Statistics of the World Bank indicates，The population of developed countries accounts for 16%of the world，But it created 34%of garbage in the world。United States、UK、Germany、Canada、Australia、Japan and other developed countries have been exporting to developing countries with amazing "foreign garbage"。From 2018，China and some countries in Southeast Asia have been legislative，Implementing the "foreign garbage" ban。May 2019，Malaysia announced that it will send 450 tons of imported garbage back to Australia、Canada、Japan、The United States and other places。June 2019，The Philippines will send 69 containers with illegal imported garbage back to Canada。The main producers of these western civilized countries as "foreign garbage" should handle garbage in the local area，instead of dumping it to developing countries to shirk responsibility。

　Second, the means of "civilized" the country hurt life.There are history，The war of human competition for resources has emerged from time to time。Weapons have developed from spear bow and arrow to today's nuclear bomb，The means continuously improved，great increase of lethality。15th Century，The most advanced weapon is the musket that hit a bullet in a few minutes，Later artillery。17th century，The firing device of vermiculite increases the launch rate of the musket。18th century，The emergence of the socket -type bayonet makes the gunner take into account the role of the shooter and the spearr。The rise of modern European capitalism and the colonial raw material、Demand of the market and labor，Makes racism emerge at the occasion。The King of Belgium, who claims to be the messenger of civilization, classified the Congo as his own territory and called it "Congo Liberty"，Forced labor leads to thousands of thousands of Congo people died in their tyranny。UK、France、Portugal and other countries use violence to spread the "civilization" while the colonies are spread，Cruel suppression of the initial resistance of the local rise and the later national independent movement。

From the invasion of China from the Eight -Power Allied Forces to the recently ended U.S. invasion of the Afghanistan war in the Afghanistan，At least about 20 major wars in the 20th century。The weapons and equipment of the First World War formed a sea, land and air integration，The number of deaths reached more than 10 million。World War II even worse，Use some unconventional weapons in World War II，For example，The Japanese invading Japanese army conducted bacterial wars such as anthrax attacks，The German army uses an incinerator to destroy Jews，The number of casualties in World War II is about 130 million。

　Third, the suicide rate of the "civilized" country.Suicide is a global society、Psychological、Important public health issues of biological factors。June 2021，The SUICIDE World WORLDWIDE IN 2019 report released by the World Health Organization shows，From the age of age standardization (Age-Standardized Suicide Rate)，Although a large number of suicide occurred in the low -income country (77%)，and those "civilized" developed countries，suicide rate is not low。For example，Six countries in 33 countries in 33 countries in North and South America have six countries.，Among them, there are the United States (16.1) and Canada (11.8)。In European countries，Countries with high suicide rates Except Russia (25.1) and several Eastern European countries，Almost all Western Europe and Nordic countries。In East Asian countries，South Korea (28.6)、Japan (15.3) and Singapore (11.2) have a higher suicide rate。Another，Australia (12.5)、New Zealand (11) suicide rate is also high。

It is generally believed that suicide people are suffering from mental illness，But statistics show that more than half of the suicide has no psychiatric disease，but due to interpersonal relationship、Drug use、Good health、Work、Money、Law、Housing pressure and other reasons，Social and economic problems。Take Japan as an example，Japanese suicide rate has always been high，Rising sharply in 1998，In 2003, it reached its peak。The 1990s，Japanese economic stagnation leads to a lifelong employment system collapse，Qualification salary system becomes a performance salary system，Relying on informal employees，40-50 -year -old male employee emotional health is seriously damaged，The main cause of suicide。This can be seen，Western civilization countries have more serious social problems。

Three paradox indicators about "civilization"，The meaning of "civilization" in the West is not applicable to all human beings，So，It is necessary to re -explain the concept。I think，"Civilization" refers to the ability of human survival and development methods or processing three contradictions，That is the way or ability of human contradiction between human beings and nature、Handling the contradiction between people or the way and ability to coexist with others、Method or ability to mediate people's own contradictions。"Civilization" has a variety of and overall、Continuation Bet365 lotto review and adjustment、The characteristics of stability and change，Exchange and mutual learning is the best choice for civilization and peaceful continuation。The concept of the human destiny community proposed by China and the concept of "Hehe"，It will make due contributions to promoting human civilization and civilization.。

　　(The author is a professor of agreement with the University of Electronic Science and Technology、Professor Rongxiu, School of International Relations at Peking University)