Zhang Yuyan

Director of the Institute of World Economics and Political Research of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Researcher;

Research direction: international political economics, world economy;

Representative works: "Selection of Economic Development and Institutional", "International Economic and Political Science", "The Road to Peace Development in China"。

Global governance is targeted at global problems，The latter refers to the scope of influence is global、The solution of the problem must be jointly implemented by countries around the world。Global economic governance mainly refers to global problems in the economic field，Among them, the most critical or basic problem is how to maintain a strong world economy、sustainable、tolerance、Balanced growth。Here，Global economic governance refers to how countries around the world can reach a series of rules or systems that help maintain and promote global economic growth。

Generally speaking，There are two reasons for the improvement of productivity，First, the diffusion of innovation and technological progress，Second, trade income based on division bet365 best casino games of labor and factor flow。Technological progress has caused productivity to improve difficult to understand。Under the condition of no technical progress，Only because of different production subjects (here mainly refer to the country) to conduct division of labor and professional production based on their own advantages，After transaction，can improve the total output of participating division of labor and trading parties，New production is called trade income。Although the two sources of growth are intertwined and integrated in reality，But separate discussion in theoretical analysis helps us understand the source of growth，Then it provides convenient policies and systems for formulating more targeted policies and systems。The concentrated discussion here is how to maximize the global trade income from the division of labor and exchange，to help the world economy achieve strong、sustainable、tolerance、Balanced growth target。In view of the basic premise of exchange is the ownership of the exchanges, the ownership of the exchange is effectively guaranteed、The contract reached by the parties beforehand is protected，Therefore, the problem of maximization of trade income can be roughly converted into global economic governance issues。Specifically，The bet365 Play online games issue of global economic governance treatment is related to human economic activities，The main body of the behavior is the national or national group with its own interests to maximize its own interests，The background of its activity is the absence of the world government，Its expression form is a set of self -binding rules or systems formed by the behavior of various acts through negotiation。

Today's World，Global economic governance involves many fields，It mainly includes the exchange of left and right multinational products and service exchange、International trade investment and monetary finance system that affects production factors and capital cross -border flow。The issues closely related to global economic governance also involve the supply chain、Value Chain、Commodity supply and demand、Policy coordination between climate change and low -carbon economy and main behavior。The above global economic problems have been effectively solved by the interests that meet the interests of countries around the world。But，Today the world still has a relatively obvious governance deficit in the process of dealing with global economic problems。So，How to reduce and eventually eliminate the global economic governance deficit becoming a "higher dimension" global problem。The reason why bet365 best casino games it is difficult to improve the well -being of all human beings，One of the fundamental reasons is that the common interest is not a sufficient condition for the formation of collective action。Specific to global governance，The question is how to share the cost of governance、How to share governance income。In economics, this is the so -called collective action problem: because the results of collective operations are enjoyed without exclusion，Members in the collective will work hard to take a car。This leads to two results: First, public products provide obvious deficiencies，Second, global economic governance, which is manifested by international systems, usually has obvious non -neutral characteristics，That is, the same governance means different results for different behaviors，Some benefits，Some are damaged。

If you consider the geopolitical and economic competition between the great powers，So mutual benefit and win -win，At least the free trade that Pareto's improvement is also unacceptable。Famous economist Paul Samuelson pointed out in 2004 "Where does Li Jiatu and Mueller refute or confirm the perspective of mainstream economists who support globalization"，Li Jiatu, who praised free trade -Mueller model was established when it does not consider technological bet365 Play online games progress，But after incorporating technological progress into analysis, the model may have a problem。Samuelson uses the United States and China as an example to argument，If China's productivity is improved to the level of the ratio of productivity when the two countries produce two products，Then their respective comparative advantages disappear，The two countries return to the self -sufficient state again。Due to technological progress，China's per capita income is increased，The end result is that the actual per capita income of the United States is suffering from lasting damage。

Under the premise of not considering the geopolitical game between the big country for the time being，One of the ideas of solving the problem of collective action in the process of global economic governance，The design of the mechanism considering effective governance。Global economic governance requires the behavior of various countries through equal negotiation，After fully considering the balance between the cost of the members and the shared income，Gradually form a multilateral rule accepted by each member。During the design of the mechanism，The key is to reduce or eliminate moral risk and reverse selection by providing compatible incentives，Create selective incentives to reduce or eliminate the behavior Bet365 lotto review of the car。In the case of limited governance resources，countries can be based on urgency、Severe、Feasibility of sorting global economic issues，Substation of steps according to the severity。If it is difficult to reach a consensus for a while，It can be considered to zero，Divide a package of issues into several modules for processing。

The mutual benefit and win -win brought by free trade is not satisfied with all beneficiaries。The scepter of the manufacturing hegemon after 1850 gradually shifted to the United States。So，In the context of intensified game between big countries，At the expense of their own interests, it is necessary to curb the rushing momentum of the opponent to become its dominant strategy，As a result, the global system is split or two or more parallel systems with limited exchanges，Eventually leading to the shrinking of the global unified market and the reduction of global trade income。To prevent this global welfare level from decline, it can be multi -pronged: first is to restore or establish the trust between great powers; secondly Unlimited trade income brought by intercourse; Finally。