bet365 Play online games Data has become new resources and new assets that promote social and economic growth，At the same time，Various disorder and chaos brought by digital survival make "digital governance" born and born。Global digital governance has become an urgent issue for the international community。Connotation and practical logic around digital governance、The trend and dilemma of digital security governance、Digital cross -border governance problems，This issue of "Academic Round Table" test from the exploration of global digital governance theory and practice，Digging "Golden Key" belonging to Chinese digital governance。

　　Concept analysis of digital governance and logic of good governance

◇ Cai Cuihong

Since the 21st century，Data has become new resources and new assets that promote social and economic growth，Therefore, it has become an important content of strategic competition in the country。At the same time，Digital survival brings various disorder and chaos，The concept of "digital governance" was born and extended。

　　Connotation of digital governance

Digital governance is the economy with digital technology、Society、New type of governance produced in political life。It is generally considered，Digital governance includes "digital -based governance"，That is, digitalization is used as a tool or means to apply to the existing governance system，Its purpose is to improve the effectiveness of governance，For example, the use of digital technology and digital analysis emphasized by public management，Precise Research Judgment、Early warning、Emergency disposal of major public events; also includes "governance of digitalization"，Innovative governance for various complex issues on the digital world，It is a more concerned angle in the fields of political economics and international relations。These problems can be divided into two categories: First, the economy in the digital ecology、Society、problems and risks in cultural development，such as digital hegemony、Digital Monopoly、Digital gap、Emotion brought by intelligence、Violence and even hatred, etc.; The second is the problems and risks generated by digital technology and its application，For example, data leakage tampering、Information pollution、Network virus、Internet security issues such as network hacks、The platform's own ecosystem problem, etc.。From the perspective of governance，Digital governance covers macro、Middle -view to micro -line category，Global Governance、National governance、Social governance is a macro level，Industry governance、Industrial governance, which belongs to the mid -view level，Platform governance、Corporate governance、Community governance, etc., belongs to the micro level。"Governance of Digitalization" is often inseparable from "Digital Governance"，Unlike the two。

The importance of digital governance and increasingly displayed is based on three aspects。First, digital transformation and digital globalization。Wide application of digital technology in the epidemic of new crown pneumonia，promoted the comprehensive acceleration of digitalization。On the mobile Internet、Big Data、Cloud computing、IoT、Breakthrough and fusion of digital technologies such as artificial intelligence，Globalization has entered the globalization stage with digitalization trend as its core characteristics。Products under digital empowerment、Service、Global flow of capital，At the same time，Digital technology infiltrate politics、Economy、Security、Society、Culture and other fields，The virtual world and the real world are increasingly integrated。The second is the number of numbers interdependence。Sino -US digital decoupling in recent years，Its essence is also a kind of competitive interdependence。Third, the trend of digital risk and security。Some digital risks really exist，If the global digital distribution structure is imbalance、Digital Security and other multinational and domestic digital challenges、Digital Monopoly and other digital companies and digital media alienation、Personal rights such as privacy in digital space。At the same time，Digital power competition has bet365 live casino games deepened the digital space at the national level、Safety trend at the social and technical application level，Further highlight the importance and necessity of digital governance。

　　Difficulties in digital governance

First，Vagueness and dynamics of digital governance boundary。On the one hand，The characteristics of the number span the geographical boundary enable the security space between the country to cross each other，R & D of digital technology、Supply Chain of the Digital Industry、Data generation and application are no longer limited to a country，3244_3261，By the vagueness and overlappingability of the digital governance boundary。On the other hand，Digital technology and the rapidly popular application trend make the digital governance boundary dynamic。Digital technology through energy、Communication、Multi -intervention and interconnection in various fields such as transportation and medical care，Make the digital security threat in the new era cannot be simply superposition，but present dynamic complexity。

Second，Digital governance main behavior and motivation differences。Digital governance needs to be considered the country、Economic Organization、Complex relationships between consumers and other governance subjects。As far as the global level，The challenge of digital governance comes from the differences between the main behavior and motivation of digital governance。Digital governance objects and governance motivations for priority in various countries are different due to different stages of digital development。Innovative countries divided by the expansion phase of digital technology、Early use of the country、National in the middle period、In the late stages, use the country and backward countries，Different understanding of national interests in the digital field，Therefore, the priority options for digital governance are not consistent。

third，Narcrality and competitiveness of digital governance power。Digital governance subjects present the "power flow" situation，International organizations and state agencies use systematics to have systematic power; the state and the government have instrumental or structural power with the help of legal norms and national machines; Social civil society and individuals have the power of initiative。At the global level，Digital governance power pattern presents hegemony in asymmetric competition。Digital governance game in the country is a dispute over science and technology、Fight for the rules，It is also a dispute over dominance。Emerging economies and digital governance models represented by China and developing countries are based on protecting the country's market、The consideration of maintaining digital security generally presents protectionist tendencies，Restricted measures for cross -border flow of data、Adopting more data localization strategies to achieve localization of data value。

　　The focus point of digital good

"Digital Governance" and the development of "digital good governance" is the general trend，It is also the needs of social development。Specifically，Can from value、Multiple、Publicity and sustainability Promote digital governance，At the same time to ensure the efficiency of governance。

The first is to enhance the value of digital governance from the main nature of the tool rationality and human。In digital governance practice，Digital technology Tools are often emphasized by all parties of the society，The value of people is underestimated，The subjectivity of a person、Creative and empathy is ignored。Under the rational thinking mode of tools，The behavior of the behavior is only driven by the motivation to pursue utilitarian，Maximize the pursuit of efficiency for actors，Emphasize whether the action can achieve the purpose or achieve the final result，The subject of the person is diluted，Moral、Responsibility、Emotional factors such as emotion are ignored。However, people should play the main role in scientific and technological innovation。People should "affirm themselves" instead of "negative themselves" in front of technology。Digital governance needs to consider value，The extension of the natural rights and social rights of people should be pursued at the same time，This helps to achieve fairness of society、Eligible values ​​of justice。

Second, the diversity of digital governance from public power and private power relationship。Any public power has natural expansion attributes，Digital bet365 Play online games public power is no exception，The details of society and personal life have become possible scope of digital public power，Social individual alienation is an object of digital control。Digital governance. The current main participants are government and digital enterprises，Citizens who are end users in the digital governance system are not ideal。Digital good governance should establish a government、In -depth participation of enterprises and individual users、Open、Interactive diverse digital governance ecosystem，The government must exercise the supervision responsibility for digital enterprises and the protection of consumers。

Third is to enhance the integrity of digital governance from the relationship between regulation and vitality。The relationship between regulation and vitality is also safe and development、The relationship between supervision and innovation。Safety is a prerequisite for development，Development is a security guarantee，Safety and development should be promoted simultaneously，It is necessary to put safety in an important position，It is also necessary to use development as a hard way，Because it is the biggest unsafe because it is not developed。Digital good governance should insist on tolerance and innovation and prudent supervision under the overall thinking，Dialectical unity of insisting on safety and development，At the same time as the technical monopoly elite behind regulatory technology and "technical Livatin"，Persist in the original intention of promoting economic growth and social development。

Fourth is to enhance the sustainability of digital governance from the relationship between digital sovereignty and digital cooperation。Digital sovereignty becomes an important part of the core interest of the country and the new focus of the game of the great country，Comprehensive development of strategic interactions and games around digital sovereignty。Real digital good governance should not only fully reflect digital sovereignty and national strategic will，And digital cooperation should protect personal rights、Industrial development and national competitiveness。The security and stability of the digital trust and the digital environment is the basis of cooperation in the digital era。Only through the cooperation and co -construction of multi -interest related parties to improve the global digital cooperation structure and the global digital cooperation mechanism，can improve the sustainability of digital governance，and finally realize the peace of the digital environment、Security、Open and cooperation。

　　(Research on the Construction of the State Social Science Fund's major project of the National Social Science Fund (21&ZD168) Pharmaceutical results)

(The author is a professor at the Institute of International Issues of Fudan University)

　　The trend and dilemma of global data security governance

◇ 阙 Tianshu

Since entering the digital age，The harmfulness and spy nature of data security risks have been politically politically、Technology、Economic and society and other fields have had negative effects，The importance and urgency of global data security governance issues continue to rise，Urgently needs to be in -depth research and scientific response to this。

　　New changes in global data security governance

In the era of digital，Maximization of data value often depends on the convergence of a large amount of diversity data、flow、Processing and analysis activities，And this liquidity data dense activity is in the governance entity involved in the element、Method、Content、Target is being restructured，Global data security governance is forming new features。

First，From passive to active: concept of safety governance。Transition from passive safety to active safety concept，It has become an inevitable choice in the era of digital economy。On the one hand，Due to the Internet of Things、The rapid development of cutting -edge digital technology such as artificial intelligence，Derivative data security risks that are more persistent and concealed，All brought great challenges to data security risk guarantee work。On the other hand，The strategic economic resources contained in data are the objective factor for the active strengthening of data security governance。Data as the core element of the digital economy，It is becoming a strategic high point to shape the core competitiveness of the country，and deeply in the new normal in the new normal、Development of complex direction。Sovereignty countries realize the bet365 Play online games strategic value contained in the data resources，The understanding of data security governance has risen to the level of "national security" and "national competitiveness"。

Second，From a single to multiple: the behavior of the subject of governance。Before entering the digital age，Data security issues have a singleization in both subjects and content、Features of Fixed and Mode。After entering the digital age，The situation of data -based exponential growth and normalized cross -border circulation，Data circulation is widely distributed in the country、Enterprise、between social organization and individual citizens，Traditional governance structure is constantly adjusted，More atmosphere、Diversified governance mode is rising。Divergent of data governance subjects，It will inevitably show differentiated features such as interest demands and governance methods，The focus is on the state data governance strategy of sovereignty.、Data rights conflict between state and enterprises and individuals、It is difficult to balance interests。

third，From static to dynamic: Balanced development of governance targets。Traditional data security risks The main index of the main index leak、Data tampering and other behaviors caused by data confidentiality、Integration and availability are damaged，It emphasizes the static security of the information carried by the data itself。But in the digital age，Data can only generate important economic value to social development during the process of free circulation，The value of the data will also be with the flow speed of the data、Activity and transmission scale and increased the increasing increase。Facing the data system in the fast circulation，Data security governance should also seek dynamic balance in multiple targets。On the one hand，Safe and utilization should be regarded as the two wings of one in one、Drive two rounds，The best data security treatment is to achieve the dynamic balance between "data free flow" and "data security"。On the other hand，Data security governance should be based on the characteristics of the national conditions of various countries，Expand between the two goals of "good data protection" and "data development and utilization"。

Fourth，From competition to competition: the order of the governance method。From the perspective of governance，The United States uses the Internet and technology advantages，to emphasize data freedom flow、Promote the free opening of the digital market as a governance target，and ensure data security through political means and long -arm jurisdictions。The core of the EU governance is to emphasize the protection of personal data privacy，Relying on data sovereignty，Make sure to promote data freedom flow。Another，It is worth noting that，With the importance of global data security governance,，Emerging countries have developed rapidly，Put forward the request to participate in the construction of the governance system，and interpret and interpret data security governance based on their own governance preferences，Continue to trigger a conflict between the "Global Flow of Data" and the "Localization of Data" Rules and control。

　　New challenges of global data security governance

The complexity of data security issues in the digital era makes global data security governance encounter many real challenges at the beginning。From the perspective of the development trend，Global data security issues in the digital era show significant features，This pair of condensing international cooperation consensus、Promote the construction of a global data security system、Improving the national governance capacity and other aspects of the new challenge。

First，The rapid development of data technology、The accumulation of data incremental increase has increased the difficulty to achieve the consensus of global data security governance。In the traditional geopolitical game，Military forces are the main decisive factor of national competitiveness; in the digital geopolitical environment，Data and the analysis technology dominated by data has become a key factor in seeking an advantageous position，Data security issues that are frequent worldwide are regarded as a concentrated mapping of strategic intentions of various countries under the context of competition in major powers。The economic strategy of some developed western countries shows "protectionism" thinking，Continue to implement "strategic encirclement" in the global digital field，Then cause "digital bet365 Play online games disorder" phenomenon，Bring multiple resistance to global data security governance。Especially with the continuous implementation of data development strategies with major developed countries and technology strong countries，How to prevent some sovereign countries excluded from global data network、Balance the data development strategy and national interests of various countries，It is also a consensus on promoting the global data security governance system in the future、The focus and difficulty of deepening cooperation。

Second，Differences in the demands of multi -data main body governance increases the difficulty of the construction of the global data security governance system。Current，Including governments of various countries、Different interest claims and value demands among the diverse governance subjects including private sector and individual citizens，Interweater in many factors、Under the influence，multi -level conflicts that have caused the construction of the global data governance system。On the one hand，Government of various countries、The phenomenon of data equity imbalance between the private sector and the individual of citizens。On the other hand，Governance concepts between major Internet countries and cognitive differences in data，The strategic and policy points adopted are different。This uneven state forces global Internet powers to implement differentiated means in accordance with the national conditions，Then lead to conflict in data management policies in various countries，Can't connect with each other at the international level，The difficulty of establishing a unified and standardized global data security governance rules and systems。

third，The heterogeneity between the insufficient supply of the governance system and the rules of the system increases the difficulty of the construction of the global data security governance mechanism。Data security status quo in the face of risk and uncertainty，Global data security governance rules are still in the "blank period"。On the one hand, traditional governance mechanisms are frequently blocked when dealing with data security governance problems，On the other hand, there are many shortcomings and weaknesses in some new mechanisms and new systems itself，It is difficult to play a role。In addition，At the level of sovereign state，Although sovereign countries generally realize the importance and urgency of global data security governance and cooperation，But still continuously promulgated regulations on unilateral restrictions of data flow，increasingly presenting the tendency of "new digital isolationism"。Because of the lack of effective system supply and heterogeneity of institutional rules between sovereign countries，To varying degrees, the utility of the global data security governance mechanism。

Obviously，In view of the technical and application characteristics of data security，Effectively ensure that global data security still faces many realistic challenges。Therefore，How to be in the context of the digital economy，Promote the consensus of the international community on the development and security of global data，Under the premise of respecting data sovereignty，Establish international data flow、Public and shared mechanism and standard，Let data be the information technology achievement shared by all mankind，It is a common topic that urgently needs to face and solved in the future。

　　(This article is the major topic research project of the Ministry of Education "Actively Participating in the Research and Construction Research on the Global Governance System" (20JZD057) phased results)

(The author is a professor at the Strategy Research Center of China University of Political Science and Law)

　　Effective response of data cross -border flow rules challenges

◇ Li Yan

The core topic of digital governance is data-based or data-related (data-related) governance。Where，The formulation of data cross -border flow rules is an important content of current digital governance，Generally, it can be observed from the two dimensions of domestic governance and international governance。but but，In the field of data，Domestic governance and international governance cannot simply "two points"，The relationship between the two is very close。Policies and measures for domestic governance will produce a "spill" effect，Affects the effect of the formation of international rules and the effect of international cooperation; in turn，International rules will have a "inverted" effect on domestic policies，Thinking and focus of influencing policy formulation。bet365 best casino games Therefore，The biggest challenge of the formulation of data cross -border flow rules is the flow of cross -border data for countries、Different understanding and grasp of "balance points" and "balance scale" between personal privacy protection and national security protection。

　Data cross -border flow rules are characteristic of diversified differentiation

Current，Data cross -border flow rules, although it is still in the early stage of exploration，But some development trends have first seen the clue，The staged characteristics of diversity and differentiation overall。For example, the strategy adopted by the United States is the concept of advocating global data freedom，Constructing the data "unidirectional" flow pattern in practice。EU "Grabbing both hands，Both hands must be hard "，Promoting data mutual recognition standard for bilateral occasions，Promote free flow，While strengthening the protection of personal privacy data，Improve data competitive advantage。Russia requires personal data collection of Russian citizens to use databases in Russia。India divides personal data into ordinary personal data、Sensitive personal data and key personal data，General personal data and sensitive personal data can be moved cross -border under the conditions of domestic storage copy，Key personal data can only be stored in the server / data center，Absolutely prohibit leave。Australia、Canada、Korea、Brazil and other countries support data free flow，But it advocates the exception of the protection of personal privacy and national security，Including public policy goals、Protect personal privacy security、Protecting national security, etc.。

Factors that cause this diversity and differentiation include national conditions、Concept、Culture、Tradition、mechanism and legal system，But the essential reasons are still different in the development stage。In terms of data cross -border flow policy target，Although there are differences in the United States and Europe，But as a developed country, they intend to control as many global data as possible。and the majority of developing countries are in the early stages of digital society development，It has limited perception of security and development involved in data flow，The reality urgency of the rules is relatively limited，Therefore, it is mainly in the following situation。For emerging countries，The pace of development is faster。Typical representative is that China emphasizes "pragmatic balance" in data governance。China's data security concept is based on the overall national security concept，Filling in the digital economy、In the context of the rapid progress of information technology，Flows to find a balanced development between data development and security。On the one hand，Data as an important production factor into production，Promote the deep integration of the digital economy and the real economy、Realize economic transformation。On the other hand，Laws and regulations such as "Network Security Law", "Data Security Law" and "Personal Information Protection Law"，Build a comprehensive data security guarantee system，Constantly improving data protection strength，Effectively maintain national security and national interests。

　　Actively cope with the rules of data cross -border flow

Digital security policy practice of various countries，In the early stage, the consideration of data security mainly starts with "protection" first，The first step is often considered how to protect your important data。After a period of development，Especially the basic in place of localized measures，The focus of the relevant countries is more focused on how to maintain data security more effectively in further promoting the flow，That is, through international cooperation，Implementation mechanism docking，Reduce differentiation or as much as possible in a certain range of barriers and obstacles。The United States, Europe, Japan, South Korea and other countries have taken corresponding measures in this regard，Efforts to achieve mechanism docking in the so -called "value community"。The main path is the following two types。

The first is to promote "Data Free Flow with Trust"。2019，Japan proposed the initiative during the rotating chairman of the Ginhara Group in Japan，and get support from the United States and Western countries。May 10, 2022，The Minister -level Declaration of Digital Minister of the Seventh Kingdom Group，Once the emphasis on "bet365 best casino games credible data free flow"，and propose the "Promoting Trusted Data Free Flow Plan"。The second is to build the "Global Privacy Rules Protection System"。This system originated from the personal privacy protection rules system (CBPR)9，This is a voluntary、Privacy cross -border flow mechanism implemented within the Asia -Pacific Economic Cooperation Organization。Enterprises can add CBPR to prove that its data privacy protection standards that meet internationally recognized。After joining the CBPR as the first member of the United States，Continuously strengthen your own dominant position，In August 2020, it proposed that the system "independently from the APEC framework"。

The above docking mechanism is imagined that it is not smooth sailing。For example, there are variables in cross -border flow channels between the United States and Europe。Although at the Security Port Agreement、After the privacy shield agreement is invalid，The US and European government has been continuously communicating，and March 25, 2022，Announced an agreement on the new Cross -Gatey data privacy framework，But the agreement is further "landed"，Especially whether Midea can realize the relevant affordable commitment to Europe in practice still needs to be further observed。Of course，More importantly, the impact of geopolitical games，For example, the United States has continuously promoted "clean data" in the field of data，Create the data of "Elimination Circle"，These are objectively increasing the complexity and uncertainty of the future data flow landscape。

In view of the status quo of data cross -border flow rules，China should be more "forward -looking" as a data country，Especially combined with the needs of future digital economy development，In view of the status quo of data cross -border flow rules，It is necessary to consider that the data can "get"，This requires when formulating domestic data security maintenance policies and measures，Try to explore the best balance point for security and development。This not only requires the government to formulate the corresponding strategy，Introduce relevant regulations，A mechanism should be improved，More attention to the role of industry and enterprises。On the one hand, listen to their feedback as a "landing line"，Constantly calibrate and correct the corresponding policy，Improve the effectiveness of the policy; on the other hand, we must encourage them to seek more effective technical or standard solutions，The right to speak and influence of improving data security with the best practice。At the same time，Current data rules are still in the early stage of development，It is exactly the strategic opportunity period of "shaping"。Whether it is bilateral、Area or multilateral occasions，The agenda settings of data rules should be more positive。It is necessary to be under some existing mechanisms，Take an influential proposition or convincing case of important issues， Also actively build relevant channels，The attitude of openness and promoting data flow，Discussion of guidance and shaping data rules。

　　(The author is the Director of Executive Director of the Institute of Technology and Network Security of the Chinese Institute of Modern International Relations、Researcher)