Our country should take the implementation of "competition-neutral" regulations as the entry point,Gradually solve the two core issues of marketization of bet365 refer a friend code enterprise management systems and operating methods。Bilaterally、In diplomatic situations such as multilateral trade negotiations,Explain more about the effectiveness of China’s bet365 refer a friend code enterprise reform,Promote "competitive neutrality" rules to reflect and be applicable to the economic and social development level of emerging economies as much as possible。Meanwhile,Our government should focus more energy on the institutional development process of systematically identifying and discovering new needs,More actively participate in the construction of the global economic governance system,Strive for the right to speak and formulate international economic rules for an institutional open economy。
Institutional openness is the inherent requirement for high-quality development in our country entering a new era,It is a higher improvement from emphasizing the free flow of goods and factors to focusing on bet365 refer a friend code and systems,In the face of trade protectionism and unilateralism,Proactive actions to promote the reform of the global economic governance system。Accepting and participating in the formulation and improvement of internationally accepted regulations is the proper meaning of institutional openness,The principle of “competitive neutrality” plays a fundamental role in the economic policy system,Whatever is better for the country and promotes fair competition,Still in line with international competition bet365 refer a friend code,Both have an exemplary and leading role。Therefore,We should actively promote the introduction and implementation of "competition-neutral" regulations,Promote the development of an institutional open economy。
Optimizing the opening-up business bet365 refer a friend code
The earliest purpose of the "competitive neutrality" principle,It is to ensure equal competition between public enterprises and private enterprises in a country。Later,The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) developed it as,In the case of coexistence of bet365 refer a friend code and non-bet365 refer a friend code,Ensure that the connection between bet365 refer a friend code and government departments does not bring additional competitive advantages to bet365 refer a friend code,The essence is to create fairness、Fair market environment,Let market entities return to their respective positions、Survival of the fittest,Realize and give full play to the role of the market in allocating resources。
The negative list system is an important international investment access system,It is the specific embodiment of "bet365 refer a friend code" regulation。Our country has made great achievements in the construction of the negative list system,Especially since 2018,Issuing a new version of the negative list for foreign investment access,Restrictive measures on foreign investment reduced by nearly 1/4,Issuing a negative list for foreign investment access in the Pilot Free Trade Zone,In culture、Resource、Seed Industry、Further opening up in telecommunications and other fields;Comprehensive implementation of the negative list for market access,177 items reduced,54% compression,Enable entry without restriction。In the 2018 Doing Business Report released by the World Bank,my country’s ranking increased by 32 places compared with the previous year。The "Foreign Investment Law of the People's Republic of China" (effective from January 1, 2020) passed by the second session of the 13th National People's Congress,Access to foreign investment、Promote、Protect、Management has made unified regulations,It is the improvement and innovation of my country’s foreign investment legal system,further demonstrates my country’s confidence in expanding opening up。But,"Easing market access", "Protecting the legitimate rights and interests of foreign businessmen in China, especially intellectual property rights", "Allowing sole proprietorship in more fields" and other specific requirements for further opening up,Still to be further and better implemented into actual work。
Therefore,Improving “competition-neutral” regulations,The main focus should be on further improving and optimizing various negative list systems,Continuously clarify the boundaries between the government and the market,“If the market can adjust itself, let the market adjust it,Let bet365 refer a friend code do whatever they can do”。Comprehensively implement the pre-establishment national treatment plus negative list management system,Promote all-round opening up,Build a fairer one、A more competitive business environment,Attract more high-quality foreign investment。
Reduce institutional friction in bet365 refer a friend code competition
The reason why the principle of "competitive neutrality" continues to shift from domestic rules to bilateral rules、Regional Rules、Evolution of international rules,The motivation is that developed economies such as the United States are trying to implement high-standard trade and investment rules that represent the interests of developed countries,Restrict the business behavior of bet365 refer a friend code in China and other developing countries,Attempting to reshape global trade and investment rules,Let the corresponding rules become a new tool to maintain its global competitive position。In the Sino-US economic and trade frictions, "the distortion and unfairness of market competition by bet365 refer a friend code" has become a hot topic,This is an example。
"OECD Corporate Governance Guidelines for bet365 refer a friend code" since its launch in 2005,Promoting corporate governance reform of bet365 refer a friend code in various countries、Played an important role in establishing the country's governance norms and rules and improving the economic efficiency of bet365 refer a friend code。The United States is keen to use "competitive neutrality" policies as a weapon to put pressure on trade rivals,Utilizing Bilateral Free Trade Agreements、Bilateral Investment Agreement、Putting pressure on trade and investment partners in various negotiating venues such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) access commitments and the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)。especially misinterpreting China as "state capitalism",Accused that it is contrary to the competitive neutrality policy "generally endorsed" by the modern international society,The intention to curb China’s bet365 refer a friend code from “going global” is particularly obvious。
Actually,In major countries in the world,bet365 refer a friend code still occupy an important position in the national economy。According to OECD statistics,As of the end of 2015,There are 2,467 bet365 refer a friend code owned by the central governments of major countries in the world (data does not include China),Especially in energy、Transportation、Postal、Telecom、Electricity and Gas、Infrastructure and areas of strategic importance such as mass media and financial services,still accounts for a relatively high proportion。Governments of various countries also attach great importance to the development of bet365 refer a friend code。International experience display,How to improve and enhance the management and operational efficiency of bet365 refer a friend code while ensuring a fair competitive environment,It is a governance challenge faced by both developed and developing countries。The 2015 revised "OECD Guidelines on Corporate Governance of bet365 refer a friend code" provides countries with ways to improve the corporate governance of bet365 refer a friend code、Establish governance rules and formulate regulatory policies,Provides an important reference。
Treat bet365 refer a friend code in accordance with the principle of "competitive neutrality",Is the inevitable choice to solve the problem of unfair competition among bet365 refer a friend code in my country,In line with my country’s new round of state-owned enterprise reform direction,It is also a responsible manifestation of building an open world economy with fair competition,It helps Chinese enterprises, including Chinese bet365 refer a friend code, to obtain a fairer competitive environment around the world。The Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of 2018 made it clear that “the reform of state-owned assets and bet365 refer a friend code must be accelerated,Insist on separation of government and enterprise、Principles of separation of government and capital and fair competition,Make state-owned capital stronger, better and bigger,Accelerate the transformation from enterprise management to capital management,Reorganized and established a number of state-owned capital investment companies,Establish a group of state-owned capital operating companies,Actively promote the reform direction of mixed ownership reform,It is consistent with the essential requirements of the principle of "competitive neutrality"。bet365 refer a friend code need to see this major policy environment adjustment,Actively adapt to the policy orientation of “competitive neutrality” at home and abroad,Make timely responses and proactive adjustments,To strive for a favorable international environment and development space,Reduce the institutional friction caused by participating in international competition。
Enhance the bet365 refer a friend code voice of the open economy
In international organizations with the WTO and the International Monetary Fund as the core, trade in goods and services、Global financial transactions、After cross-border investment and international technology transfer build an open global macro-control framework,With the development of technological innovation in the Internet and transportation fields,Many companies have production and operation space and market space all over the world。bet365 refer a friend code as major players in international production and global markets,Undoubtedly need stability、Predictable and transparent global governance rules。
However,Under the current macro-control framework,A similar global-scale international micro-governance framework has not yet been formed,As a result, micro-mechanisms are often created and controlled by a few government departments or private sectors in developed countries。Most countries, especially developing countries,Be the recipient of bet365 refer a friend code rather than the maker。These bet365 refer a friend code have even become obstacles for developing country companies to participate in the global integrated production system and enter the global market,Regulation often becomes a tool to exercise power and gain advantage。
Therefore,Our country should take the implementation of "competition-neutral" regulations as the entry point,Gradually solve the two core issues of marketization of bet365 refer a friend code enterprise management systems and operating methods。Bilaterally、In diplomatic situations such as multilateral trade negotiations,Explain more about the effectiveness of China’s bet365 refer a friend code enterprise reform,Promote "competitive neutrality" rules to reflect and be applicable to the economic and social development level of emerging economies as much as possible。Meanwhile,Our government should focus more energy on the institutional development process of systematically identifying and discovering new needs,More actively participate in the construction of the global economic governance system,Strive for the right to speak and formulate international economic rules for an institutional open economy。
(Author’s unit: Institute of Industrial Economics, Hunan Academy of bet365 refer a friend code)
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