Since the reform and opening up，China has created the world miracle of economic development。The main feature of China's economic reform is the transformation from a planned economy to a market economy。The establishment and improvement of the rural joint production contract responsibility system and the establishment and improvement of the urban labor market，greatly released the productivity of China's labor，Has made great contributions to economic growth。In recent years，An important reason for the slowdown in China's economic growth is the disappearance of "demographic dividend"，In the future，With the intensification of population aging，China's economy will face greater downward pressure。Practice proof，To maintain sustainable and healthy development，We must continue to deepen the reform of the economic system，and factor market -oriented configuration is one of the two key tasks of deepening the reform of the economic system。The labor market as an important part of the factors market，Its development status and development trend are important aspects that need attention to market -oriented reforms。Judging the degree of marketization and progress of China's labor force，Effective configuration of promoting labor、Promoting the further improvement of the labor market、It is important to build a national unified labor market。

A market can configure resources highly efficiently，You need to meet two conditions: first，The price mechanism gives full play to，Provide the information required for decision -making for micro -economic units; second，Resources can flow to the most needed place according to price information，Where the highest marginal productivity bet365 Play online games is the place。On the labor market，These two conditions are manifested by whether the wage level of the workers is determined by the market and whether the labor resources can flow to the department with the highest labor productivity，is the problem of labor price decision and the number of labor quantity configuration。

In China，There are two non -market factors that have the greatest influence on the price and quantity allocation in the labor market: one is the household registration system，To a certain extent, the division of urban and rural areas; the second is the nature of the department，That is state -owned and non -state，Leading the division of unit ownership。The household registration system hinders the free flow of labor，Restricted the improvement of labor marketization，​​The labor market division of the labor market and region of urban and rural areas。At the same time，The "iron rice bowl" and "preparation" system used by the state -owned department，Caused by the system、division of the labor market outside the system。These all hindered the free flow of labor to a certain extent。other，There are some other policy variables，If the minimum wage system，It will also affect market operation results。

According to the above framework and take into account the availability of the data，Consider the simplicity of the index at the same time，Construction of the Chinese prefecture -level municipal -level labor marketization index containing two first -level indicators and four second -level indicators，and combined with the population structure weighted the provincial and national level labor marketization index。Two first -level indicators are: the amount of labor quantity configuration and labor price。Labor quantity configuration indicators include two secondary indicators: household registration openness and the proportion of state -owned enterprises' bet365 Play online games employment，The two most important aspects of the Chinese labor market — household registration and system -the market segmentation。Household registration openness is limited in all aspects in the regulations of the local household registration，Weighted quantification indicators，The higher its value，Indicates the smaller the obstacles of household registration control on labor flow，The higher the degree of marketization of labor; the higher the proportion of the number of people in the state -owned unit，The larger the state -owned economy scale，The more the government's intervention of the economy。Labor price indicators also include two second -level indicators: minimum wages and employee wages of state -owned units。The higher the salary of the minimum wage and the employee of the state -owned unit，The more the government intervention in the labor market，The more serious the wage decision mechanism is twisted，The lower the degree of marketization of labor。

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According to the labor marketization index，China's labor marketization overall increased from 0.5120 in 2010 to 0.7003 in 2016，steadily increased in 6 years。Statistics of the first -level indicator display，Labor configuration indicators have increased from 0.4884 in 2010 to 0.7882 in 2016，The growth rate is very large; the labor price indicator decreases slightly，From 0.5558 in 2010 to 0.5234。This description，2010-2016，The growth of the Chinese Labor Marketization Index should be attributed to the increase in the efficiency of the number of labor force。

From the results of each second -level indicator，The score of the minimum wage index has been maintained at about 0.4，at a stable but low level; the salary index score of state -owned employees is maintained at 0.6，But showing a downward trend after 2014，The decline of the labor price index mainly comes from the increase in the relative Bet365 lotto review income of the state -owned sector; the number of state -owned employment indicators increased from 0.4739 in 2010 to 0.7403，Household registration indicators increased from 0.4966 in 2010 to 0.8130 in 2016，The growth rate of these two quantity configuration indicators is large。

Results of the labor marketization index of all provincial units，2010-2016，31 provinces nationwide、Autonomous Region、The labor marketization index of municipality has increased to varying degrees，It shows that the marketization of labor in various regions of China from 2010-2016 has increased to varying degrees。The first -level indicator calculation results of the labor marketization index of each province，2010-2016，The labor force of all provincial units in China has increased，But the labor price indicators of 19 provincial units have decreased。The results of the second -level indicator of the index of labor marketization in each province，2010-2016，The minimum wage indicators of 16 provincial units in China have decreased，The salary index of the state -owned employee of 8 provincial units has decreased，The number of state -owned enterprises in all provincial units increased.，The openness indicator of the household registration of a provincial -level unit has decreased。

　　The eastern region is progressing faster

Look at the area，2010-2016，The labor marketization index of provincial units in the eastern region has improved，The labor configuration indicators of all provincial units have increased，The labor price indicators of 6 provincial units bet365 Play online games have declined，The minimum wage indicators of 7 provincial units have decreased，The salary index of the state -owned employee of the 6 provincial units has decreased，The number of state -owned employment indicators and household registration indicators of all provincial units increased。2010-2016，The labor marketization index of provincial units in the central region has improved，The labor configuration indicators of all provincial units have increased，The labor price indicators of 6 provincial units have declined，The minimum wage indicators of 6 provincial units have decreased，The salary index of the state -owned employee of 7 provincial units has decreased，The number of state -owned employment in all provincial units has increased，An openness indicator of the household registration of 1 provincial unit has decreased。Compared to east -west，The labor marketization index in the central region is at a low level。2010-2016，The labor marketization index of provincial units in the western region has improved，The labor configuration indicators of all provincial units have increased，Labor price indicators of 7 provincial units have declined，The minimum wage indicators of 4 provincial units have decreased，The salary index of the state -owned employee of 8 provincial units has decreased，The number of state -owned employment indicators and household registration indicators of all provincial units increased。

For 266 prefecture -level cities with a relatively complete data, the results indicate，2010-2016，Labor Marketization Index has 255 prefecture -level cities with growth.，About 96%; there are 253 prefecture -level cities with increasing labor configuration indicators，About 95%; 129 prefecture -level cities with increasing labor price indicators，about 48%; 145 prefecture -level cities with the minimum wage index increased，About 55%; 88 prefecture -level cities with increased wages of state -owned employees，About 33%; 230 prefecture -level cities with the number of state -owned employment indicators increased，approximately 86%; the prefecture -level city with an increase in household registration indicators is 249，About 94%。Generally speaking，2010-2016，The labor marketization index score in cities in the south has been higher，The labor marketization index of cities in the eastern region increases rapidly。

　First -tier cities have to accelerate

Beishang, Guangzhou and Shenzhen Four Cities, although the labor marketization index has increased from 2010-2016，But the growth rate is very limited，Even the largest increase in Shanghai has only increased from 0.5936 in 2010 to 0.6502，Growth less than 0.06。From the perspective of the minimum wage indicator，The minimum wage indicators in the four cities of bet365 best casino games Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen are slightly decreased, but it keeps stable overall，Keep it at a higher level。where，Shanghai's minimum wage index score the highest，It still reached 0.9050 in 2016，The minimum wage indicator of Guangzhou and Shenzhen also reached 0.8 or more in 2016。From the perspective of the salary index of state -owned employees，The four cities of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen have different degrees of improvement，The salary index of state -owned employees in Beijing and Shanghai remains at a high level，But the growth is slow;，Although its growth rate is faster than Beijing and Shanghai，But overall is slower。From the perspective of the openness of the household registration，Household registration indicators in the four cities of Beijing, Guangzhou, Guangzhou and Shenzhen remain stable，But the differences in various cities are large，The highest household registration in Guangzhou，Keep at about 0.75，Shenzhen secondary，Keep at about 0.65，Low household registration in Shanghai and Beijing，Only 0.39 and 0.22, respectively。

Generally speaking，my country's labor marketization process has made significant progress，Still continuously advancing。Relatively speaking，Low labor marketization of first -tier cities，Slow progress，But the progress of other cities is progressing rapidly。In the future, we must further promote the marketization process of labor，In terms of objects, more targeted first -tier cities should be targeted; the content of the content needs to be further reduced in the system，And more respect for market laws in the minimum wage setting。

　　(This article is the Scientific Research Fund of the Renmin University of China (Special Funding of Special Fund Fund Fund Fund) Project (17xnl008) in the Central University)

(The author is a professor at the School of Economics of Renmin University of China)