Understanding the bet365 ohio promo code economy
September 11, 2019 09:00 Source: "Chinese bet365 ohio promo code" September 11, 2019 Issue 1776 Author: Liu Gang

Driven by the reform and opening up policy,China became the “world’s factory” in 2001。In order to realize the transformation from a manufacturing country to a manufacturing power,2006,The country officially proposed to build an innovative country。With the in-depth bet365 ohio promo code of economic structural adjustment,How to lead the high-quality bet365 ohio promo code of our country’s economy through innovation,Realizing the transformation from a manufacturing economy to an innovation economy,Become the direction and goal of economic bet365 ohio promo code。How to understand the innovation economy,Especially the internal logical relationship between innovative economy and high-quality bet365 ohio promo code,It has become an urgent question that needs to be answered in the current theoretical circles。

  Leading on bet365 ohio promo code creation

Any economic form belongs to a specific complex technical economic and social system,Includes four basic elements: agglomeration of economic actors、Technology、Organization and system。Among them,Economic actors refer to the basic units engaged in economic activities,Technology refers to the technical system that economic actors rely on to engage in economic activities,Organization and system refer to the organization method and institutional structure of economic activities。As a basic component of complex technical economic and social systems,There is no simple linear relationship between the four basic elements,But a non-linear relationship。The complex network structure formed by their interdependence,Together constitute and determine the specific form and bet365 ohio promo code model of the technical, economic and social system。

The activities engaged in by techno-economic and social systems include two types: exploration and utilization。Exploration refers to the creation and commercialization of new knowledge,Exhibited as including the research and bet365 ohio promo code of new products、Innovative activities including design and bet365 ohio promo code。Utilization refers to the consolidation of existing knowledge、Strengthen、Utilization and diffusion,Mainly represented by the production and manufacturing activities of standardized and mature products。In Schumpeter’s view,The technical, economic and social system based on knowledge utilization belongs to the circulation system,Innovation is the fundamental motivation to break the circulation system and promote economic bet365 ohio promo code。

In the history of human economic and social bet365 ohio promo code,Knowledge utilization has long been in a dominant position,Innovation is an accidental event。With the advent of the industrial revolution era,Although innovation plays an increasingly powerful role in economic and social bet365 ohio promo code,But from the perspective of the key driving force of economic bet365 ohio promo code,The utilization of knowledge still plays a leading role。Technological innovation is a variable that determines the long-term economic cycle。Entering the mid-1970s,With the occurrence and bet365 ohio promo code of the third industrial revolution,Humanity has ushered in the era of information and knowledge economy,Developed countries represented by the United States have successively entered the stage of innovative economic bet365 ohio promo code led by knowledge creation。

Compared with the manufacturing economy dominated by knowledge utilization,The innovative economy is dominated by knowledge creation,Innovation is a routine and routine activity in the real economy。The dominant bet365 ohio promo code actors in the real economy are no longer production enterprises,But an innovative enterprise。bet365 ohio promo code activities are no longer aimed at pursuing economies of scale,In order to pursue continuous innovation and speed economy。Innovation entities include not only enterprises,And including the government、University、Scientific research institutes and intermediary organizations。The focus of social resource allocation is the creation and commercialization of new knowledge。At the same time,An innovation-led bet365 ohio promo code system depends not only on general infrastructure conditions, including transportation,It also relies on the construction of innovation ecosystem and innovation environment。

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Compared with the traditional economy,High complexity is a basic characteristic of the innovation economy。When bet365 ohio promo code activities are dominated by innovation,The objects of resource allocation are no longer general commodities and material elements,But knowledge and technology。The subjects of innovation include not only general consumers and manufacturers,And involves universities as producers and disseminators of knowledge、Scientific research institutes and intermediary organizations。At the same time,The creation of new knowledge and its commercialization are highly uncertain,From concept creation to product design to mass production,There is a process called the "Valley of Death"。At the same time,Corresponding to the reorganization of knowledge,Both the organization and system are more complex、Refined and professional。

Understanding the highly complex economics of innovation,Need new theoretical and methodological guidance。1994,At Santa Fe Institute,SFI)10th anniversary,John Holland formally proposed the theory of Complex Adaptive System,To truly understand and explain the formation of innovation economics、bet365 ohio promo code、The laws and mechanisms of evolution create conditions。

Different from traditional organizations,Organizations engaged in the creation and commercialization of new knowledge,bet365 ohio promo code subjects are diversified,Including not only enterprises,And including universities、Scientific research institution、Government、Clients and intermediary organizations,It is a complex network。An organization’s continuous bet365 ohio promo code capability comes from the network’s ability to continuously adapt to environmental changes,Especially the ability to integrate resources and solve problems in the process of interconnection and collaboration。

Entering the 21st century,The bet365 ohio promo code of cyberspace further reduces the cost of knowledge reorganization and commercialization for multiple innovation entities。With the bet365 ohio promo code of the Internet, especially the Internet of Things,Cyberspace can map people to each other、The relationship between people and things and even things between things,Creating unprecedented conditions for the accumulation and reorganization of knowledge and technology。As the basic organizational form of cyberspace,The platform implements products、Elements、Online knowledge and technology and real-time online sharing of data。The onlineization of goods, especially service elements,Further added knowledge reorganization、Creation and commercialization possibilities。

Since the mid-1970s,The innovative economy has gone through two stages of bet365 ohio promo code: Innovation Economy 1.0 and innovative economy 2.0。Innovative Economy 1.0 mainly refers to the new economy in the United States in the 1990s,Taking IT and ICT industry as the leading industry。And innovative economy 2.0 refers to the innovative economy based on cyberspace that emerged after 2005。In the innovative economy 2.Phase 0,Innovative activities are not only routine and routine activities in the real economy,And because of the online service elements,Make innovation activities more widespread and democratized。With the help of cyberspace,The subjects engaged in innovation in the economy and society are increasingly diversified,The boundaries between innovation entities are becoming increasingly blurred。The emergence of knowledge communities enables knowledge exchange、The cost of reorganization and accumulation is greatly reduced。The emergence of crowdsourcing and the bet365 ohio promo code of swarm intelligence,Effectively promotes interconnection and collaboration among innovation entities。bet365 ohio promo code through the integration of online and offline spaces,New innovation ecosystem becomes the foundation for innovative economic bet365 ohio promo code。

  Building an innovative bet365 ohio promo code with Chinese characteristics

With market demand、Changes in element resources and environmental constraints,China’s economy has entered a stage of high-quality bet365 ohio promo code。Different from the rapid growth stage,High-quality bet365 ohio promo code is a new economic form and bet365 ohio promo code stage created in the process of restructuring productivity and production relations based on the new technological revolution。As a new economic form,High-quality bet365 ohio promo code is a typical innovative economy 2.0。

Highly developed cyberspace,Laid the foundation for the high-quality bet365 ohio promo code of our country’s economy。According to the 42nd "Statistical Report on China's Internet bet365 ohio promo code Status" released by China Internet Network Information Center on August 20, 2018,As of June 30, 2018,The number of Internet users in our country reaches 8.0.2 billion,Internet penetration rate is 57.7%。Among them,The number of mobile Internet users reaches 7.8.8 billion,The proportion of netizens accessing the Internet through mobile phones is as high as 98.3%。

bet365 ohio promo code based on cyberspace,The fourth industrial revolution driven by digital and smart technology industries has already occurred and developed in China。The symbiosis between the fourth industrial revolution and my country’s economic transformation and upgrading,Is the logical main line of high-quality bet365 ohio promo code。Only from this perspective,In order to scientifically understand and grasp the internal logic and basic characteristics of the formation and bet365 ohio promo code of innovative economy with Chinese characteristics。

First,The innovative economy with Chinese characteristics is based on the fourth industrial revolution,A new economy driven by data and computing。From the perspective of industrial form,The key industries that promote China’s economic transformation and upgrading include two parts: one is the core industrial sector whose output is data and computing;The second is the integration of industrial sectors,Including new technologies created during the integration of core industrial sectors and existing industries、New product、New models and new business formats。The bet365 ohio promo code of the two industrial sectors and their positive interaction,Together they constitute the key driving force for my country’s economic transformation and innovative economic bet365 ohio promo code。

Second,With the bet365 ohio promo code of cyberspace,The resource allocation methods of real economic activities are increasingly diversified。Economic resource allocation methods include not only the market、Businesses and Government,And including platforms。Among them,Network platforms play an increasingly important role in resource allocation。

 Third,The focus of resource allocation is no longer on general material factors,But service elements including knowledge and technology。With the online service elements,Resource allocation is no longer restricted by geographical space。Even in remote villages far away from cities,bet365 ohio promo code actors can also obtain scarce service factors。

 Fourth,Adapt to changes in resource configuration objects and methods,The organization method and institutional structure of production will also undergo major changes。The organizational method of “network platform + service + small, medium, micro and new enterprises”,will become the basic form to promote the bet365 ohio promo code of innovative economy。At the same time,Reform in resource allocation methods oriented by knowledge reorganization,Requires the institutional structure of production to be more refined and more effective in promoting interaction and collaboration among innovative entities。

 Fifth,The boundaries of economic actors, including governments and enterprises, are increasingly blurred。The function of the government is no longer general management and control,Instead, build a governance system and innovation ecosystem that effectively promotes the healthy bet365 ohio promo code of innovation activities。Simple linear management,In particular, government intervention may inhibit innovation at the initial stage。Because a lot of innovation comes from accidental trial and error and knowledge reorganization process,In the process of adapting to the market,A variety of alternative technical routes and solutions may be screened。Under the control of the law of increasing returns,A certain dominant technical route and solution may stand out,Become the leading solution。Full respect for the market and the initiative of the people,Form an effective innovation governance system and build an innovation ecosystem,Is an important manifestation of the government’s active role。

 (The author is a professor bet365 ohio promo code Institute of Economics, Nankai University)

Editor: Wang Ning
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