The layout experience of foreign language education in Europe and the United States is one of the important references in China to promote the diversification of foreign language education.。Statistics display，The language opened by American universities reaches two or three hundred species，Far more than the number of Chinese universities in Chinese universities。European education is even considered a gene that is considered to contain "foreign language multi -language education"。European and American experience has become an important basis for the setting of Chinese foreign language education linguistics。

Learn from foreign language education experience in Europe and the United States，The meaning of "foreign language" education in different contexts should be accurately understood。According to traditional definition，"Foreign Language" education generally refers to the language of teaching other countries in one country。The keywords in this meaning are "within the country" and "other language"。Affected by this definition，People naturally put the American Spanish education in the United States、German education in Italy is called "foreign language" education，and understand the concept of foreign language education planning in accordance with the logic of foreign language education。but，Under the background of the global flow of population，Traditional definition of foreign language and foreign language education faces challenges。

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Under the background of the global flow of population，The meaning and boundary of foreign languages ​​are changing。From the perspective of historical development，The status of many languages ​​has experienced the transformation from "foreign language" to "immigration language" to "domestic language"。In the United States，Spanish was originally Bet365 app download regarded as a foreign language，Later, with the increasing increase of Spanish immigrants，Gradually become an important immigration language，Then become Florida、Community languages ​​in California and other places。Since the 1960s，A large number of Asian immigrants enter the United States，leading to Vietnam in the United States、Philippines and other language users grow rapidly。If this growth can continue，can predict，Vietnamese and other languages ​​in Vietnam will gradually change in the United States，From foreign language to an important immigrant language。

As far as a historical stage is concerned，Some languages ​​have foreign languages ​​at the same time、Multi -identity of immigration language and national language，The border of the three is blurred。Take the United States as an example，2016，The United States has received more than 1.1 million people in more than 200 countries (regions) around the world。A large number of different language users enter the United States to settle。Social survey display，65 million U.S. residents use the language used in family life is not English，accounting for about 20%of the total US population。There are more than 300 types of language used in the family。According to statistics，The current population in the United States has exceeded 40 million，This number has surpassed Spanish users in Spain，Vietnamese population exceeds 1.5 million，The French population exceeds 1.2 million。In this case，"Foreign Language" in these traditional sense also has the identity of "immigration language" and "domestic language"。

The US federal government does not determine its own national language or official language，We still cannot determine that Spanish and other languages ​​are domestic languages ​​in the United States。But in other countries and regions，Foreign language in the traditional sense has gained local official position。For example，According bet365 best casino games to the "Historical Ethnic Minority Protection Act" in Italy，In Italy，German and French enjoys an official position。German in Hungary、Greek、Croatian, etc.，Hungarian language in Austria、Czech language, etc.，German in Romania、Russian、Turkish, etc.，German in Croatia、Italian, etc.，All enjoy local official language status。

In this case，We cannot give Spanish education in the United States、Italian education in Croatia is deemed to be foreign language education。These languages ​​often have foreign languages ​​at the same time、Immigration Language、Domestic language and other multiple identities。Education in different natures of the same language，People use language learners to define "foreign language" education。The same is Spanish，Learning from future generations of immigrant families，It is called ancestral education; people in other ethnic groups learn，It is called foreign language education。But，In reality，The boundary between the two is difficult to delineate。In more schools，Both of them are together，In the same class，There are also ancestral learners，There are also ancestral learners。

Multi -identity that deliberately distinguishes a language will also form a language education policy to contradict。The United States passed the Education Act of Education in Primary and Middle School in 2001，Delinement of immigration language education is obvious。But the same period，The United States has introduced several measures to promote foreign language education，such as "Key Language Plan"，Call for primary and secondary schools to attach importance to the development of strategic foreign language education。The contradiction of self -conflict is，Two policies with opposite force may be targeted at the same language。Chinese、Korean、Arabic and other languages，It is both a key language for the development of the US federal government to develop，It is also the language of immigration Bet365 app download population that is intentionally despised。In the history of American language education，This contradiction has been staged many times。Garcia refers to this self -contradictory contradiction as "schizophrenia double trap"。

To cope with this situation，People are using some new words，Languages ​​Other than English and "World Languages" replaced "foreign language"。As early as the 1970s，Australia in order to accurately express the multi -language living conditions in the territory，Gradually use "other languages ​​other than English" instead of the original "foreign language" expression。Statistical report released by the "American Modern Language Association" widely referenced by domestic research，wording is also "other languages ​​other than English"，Its coverage not only includes foreign languages ​​in the traditional sense，As Chinese、Vietnamese，It also includes national language in the United States，such as Hawaii、Navahuo。Another alternative of foreign languages ​​is "World Language"。California、Washington Prefecture、Ohio and other places in the primary and secondary school education management documents promulgated by Ohio，"Foreign Language" has been replaced by "World Language"。

Affected by traditional habits，The term foreign language education is still widely used。In this case，Related discussions should be based on local conditions，Multi -identity of the "Foreign Language" language accurately。

　Clarify the purpose of foreign language education

Basic purpose of foreign language education，Why is it carried out、Question for whom。In the current society，Promoting international exchanges、Serving the country's foreign trade foreign affairs，It is one of the most common pursuits in foreign language education。but，Foreign language、The border between immigration language and domestic language is increasingly blurred，The value orientation of this traditional foreign language education，Can't fully explain the meaning of language education。

Some important languages Bet365 lotto review ​​in foreign language education，Often, the identity of immigration language or community language at the same time，and therefore assume multiple functions。Since the mid -20th century，Latin American country、Mainland China、Vietnam and the Philippines immigrants entered the United States in large quantities，Spanish in American universities、Chinese、Vietnamese and the Philippines -language number of learners rose rapidly。Many countries in Europe，In the "Foreign Language" language opened by primary and secondary schools，Some enjoy the official language status in the country (some areas)，Some are language used by major immigration groups in the country。In this case，Spanish Education in the United States、The purpose of Greek education in Italy，Not only to serve diplomatic、Development of foreign trade and foreign affairs，It is also to communicate between residents in the internal service community、Promote the integration between different language groups。For example，"World Language Content Standards for Public School in Primary and Middle Schools" released by California, USA in 2009，"California Student Diverse，Language、Different cultural background。Students learn world language，Not only to communicate with overseas personnel，It is also to communicate with different languages ​​in the state "。

If you follow the habit，If Spanish education in the United States、Greek education in Italy is called foreign language education，We must fully grasp the multiple identities of these languages，and the multiple value orientation it bear。They are not only to serve the country's international communication for "outside"，It is also for the "inside" service community integration。Multi -identity of understanding language，Understand the multiple values ​​of foreign language education，You can understand why Spanish learners occupy half of the country in American universities、Why did you bet365 best casino games open a lot of "very universal" foreign language。Different language immigrants from all over the world and their descendants are important factor affecting the layout of foreign language education in American universities。

　　Based on the local area is actually starting point

Chinese foreign language education should be based on local reality。Whether it is in history，Still the current stage，European and American countries have received a large number of international immigrants。In Europe and the United States，Foreign Language、Immigration Language、Community language or ethnic language boundary blur，Foreign Language Education function is not only to serve international communication，Also serving the domestic community integration。The reason why American universities carry out more than 200 language education，One of the reasons is more than 300 languages ​​used by residents in the United States。

Different from European and American countries，The current number of international immigrants received by China is still less。2018，The number of international immigrants in China is about 1 million，About 0.01%of the total population。The immigrant population in the country has not yet formed the force that affects the layout of foreign language education。within a period of time，The main purpose of Chinese foreign language education is still service diplomacy、Foreign Affairs、Foreign Trade and other international exchanges。

Educational Objective Decision Foreign Language Selection。Before changing the main purpose of serving international exchanges，Chinese foreign language education should give priority to choosing a global influence、Language that is conducive to promoting international exchanges。After the talent reserves of these languages ​​are complete，Another plan to promote some very universal education and teaching。Current，Taking foreign language education experience in the United States or European countries as a reference，Simple expansion of the number of languages，Bet365 lotto review Blind excessive investing in international exchanges in international exchanges foreign language language，Not only cannot promote international exchanges，It will also cause huge waste of educational resources。

　　(Author Unit: Shanghai Foreign Language University Language Research Institute、China Foreign Language Strategy Research Center)