The experience of bet365 tennis bet language layout in European and American countries is one of the important references for China to promote the diversification of bet365 tennis bet languages。Statistics display，The number of languages ​​offered by American colleges and universities reached two to three hundred，Far more than the number of languages ​​in Chinese universities。European education is considered to contain the gene of "foreign language multilingual education"。European and American experience has become an important basis for the setting of bet365 tennis bet languages ​​in China。

Learn from the bet365 tennis bet experience of European and American countries，The meaning of “foreign language” education in different contexts should be accurately understood。According to traditional definition，“Foreign language” education generally refers to teaching the languages ​​of other countries within the borders of one country。The key words in this definition are "within the country" and "other languages"。Affected by this definition，People naturally educate Spanish in the United States、German education in Italy is called “foreign language” education，And understand the local bet365 tennis bet planning concept according to the logic of bet365 tennis bet。But，In the context of global population mobility，Challenges to traditional definitions of foreign languages ​​and bet365 tennis bet。

　　Rethinking the definition of “foreign bet365 tennis bet”

In the context of global population mobility，The meaning and boundaries of foreign languages ​​are changing。From the perspective of historical development，The status of many languages ​​is undergoing a transformation from "foreign bet365 tennis bet" to "immigration bet365 tennis bet" to "domestic bet365 tennis bet"。In the United States，Spanish was originally considered a foreign bet365 tennis bet，Later, with the increasing number of Spanish-speaking immigrants，Gradually becoming an important immigrant bet365 tennis bet，Then became Florida、Community languages ​​in California and elsewhere。Since the 1960s，A large number of Asian immigrants enter the United States，Leading Vietnamese in the United States、The number of speakers of Filipino and other languages ​​is growing rapidly。If this growth can continue，Predictable，The status of Vietnamese and other languages ​​in the United States will also gradually change，From a foreign bet365 tennis bet to an important immigrant bet365 tennis bet。

In terms of a certain historical stage，Some languages ​​also have foreign languages、Multiple identities of immigrant bet365 tennis bet and native bet365 tennis bet，The boundaries between the three are blurred。Take the United States as an example，2016，The United States has received more than 1.1 million people from more than 200 countries (regions) around the world。A large number of speakers of different languages ​​have settled in the United States。Social survey shows，65 million U.S. residents speak a bet365 tennis bet other than English at home，About 20% of the total population of the United States。More than 300 languages ​​spoken within the family。According to statistics，The current Spanish-speaking population in the United States has exceeded 40 million，This number exceeds the number of Spanish speakers in Spain，More than 1.5 million people speak Vietnamese，More than 1.2 million French speakers。In this case，These "foreign languages" in the traditional sense also have the status of "immigrant languages" and "domestic languages"。

The U.S. federal government has not determined its own national bet365 tennis bet or official bet365 tennis bet，We cannot yet identify languages ​​such as Spanish as domestic languages ​​in the United States。But in some other countries and regions，Foreign languages ​​in the traditional sense have obtained local official status。For example，According to Italy’s “Act on the Protection of Historical Minorities”，In Italy，German and French enjoy official status in some regions。German in Hungary、Greek、Croatian, etc.，Hungarian in Austria、Czech, etc.，German in Romania、Russian、Turkish, etc.，German in Croatia、Italian, etc.，All enjoy the status of local official languages。

In this case，We cannot bring Spanish education within the United States、Italian education in Croatia is regarded as bet365 tennis bet。These languages ​​often also have foreign languages、Immigration language、Multiple identities such as domestic language。In order to distinguish the different nature of education in the same language，People use the identity of language learners to define “foreign language” education。Also in Spanish，Study for descendants of immigrant families，is called ancestral language education；People from other ethnic groups learn，is called bet365 tennis bet。However，In reality，The boundary between the two is difficult to draw。At more schools，Both become one，In the same class，Existing foreign language learners，There are also ancestral language learners。

Deliberately distinguishing the multiple identities of a language will also lead to self-contradiction in language education policies。The United States passed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act in 2001，Clearly downplaying language education for immigrants。But the same period，The United States has introduced several measures to promote bet365 tennis bet，such as "Key Language Program"，Calling on primary and secondary schools to attach importance to the development of strategic bet365 tennis bet。The paradox is，Two policies with opposite efforts may target the same language。Chinese、Korean、Arabic and other languages，It is a key language for the development of the US federal government，Another language of the immigrant population that he deliberately despises。In the history of language education in the United States，This contradiction has been staged many times。Garcia calls this contradiction "schizophrenia"。

In order to deal with this situation，People are using some new wording，For example, "languages ​​other than English" and "world languages" instead of "foreign languages"。Back in the 1970s，Australia in order to accurately express the multilingual living conditions within the territory，Gradually use "languages ​​other than English" to replace the original "foreign bet365 tennis bet" expression。Statistical report released by the "Modern bet365 tennis bet Association of America" ​​that is widely cited in domestic research，The wording is also "languages ​​other than English"，Its coverage includes not only foreign languages ​​in the traditional sense，Like Chinese、Vietnamese，Also includes national languages ​​in the United States，As in Hawaiian、Navajo。An alternative to foreign bet365 tennis bet is "world bet365 tennis bet"。California、Washington State、In the primary and secondary education management documents promulgated by Ohio and other places，"Foreign bet365 tennis bet" has been replaced by "World bet365 tennis bet"。

Influenced by traditional habits，The term bet365 tennis bet is still widely used。In this case，Relevant discussions should be based on local conditions，Accurately grasp the multiple identities of “foreign languages”。

　Clarify the purpose of bet365 tennis bet

The basic purpose of bet365 tennis bet，Why is it carried out、For whom。In current society，Promote international exchanges、Serving the country’s diplomacy, foreign trade and foreign affairs，It is one of the most common pursuits of bet365 tennis bet in various countries。But，With foreign languages、The boundaries between immigrant and domestic languages ​​are increasingly blurred，The value orientation of this traditional bet365 tennis bet，It is no longer possible to fully explain the full meaning of language education。

Some important languages ​​in bet365 tennis bet，Often have both immigrant language and community language identities，And therefore bear multiple functions。Since the mid-20th century，Latin American countries、Mainland China、Vietnamese and Filipino immigrants enter the United States in large numbers，Spanish in American colleges and universities、Chinese、The number of learners of Vietnamese and Filipino is rising rapidly。In many countries in Europe，Among the "foreign languages" offered by primary and secondary schools，Some enjoy official language status in the country (in some areas)，Some are languages ​​spoken by the main immigrant groups in the territory。In this case，Spanish education in the United States、The purpose of Greek education in Italy，Not just to serve diplomacy、Development of foreign trade and foreign affairs，It is also to serve internal communication among community residents、Promote integration between different language groups。For example，The "World Language Content Standards for Elementary and Secondary Public Schools" issued by the state of California in 2009 believes that，“California’s students are diverse，Language、Different cultural backgrounds。Students learn world languages，Not only for communicating with overseas people，It is also to communicate with people who speak different languages ​​in the state”。

If you follow habits，How to educate Spanish in the United States、Greek education in Italy is called bet365 tennis bet，We must fully grasp the multiple identities of these languages，And the multiple value orientations it bears。They are not only for “external” service to the country’s international exchanges，It is also for “internal” service and community integration。Understanding the multiple identities of language，Understand the multiple values ​​of bet365 tennis bet，You can understand why Spanish learners account for half of American colleges and universities、Why are there so many “very uncommon” foreign languages?。Immigration of different languages ​​from all over the world and their descendants are important factors affecting the layout of bet365 tennis bet in American universities。

　　Based bet365 tennis bet is the starting point

China’s bet365 tennis bet should be based on local reality。No matter in history，Still at the current stage，European and American countries receive a large number of international immigrants。Within European and American countries，Foreign language、Immigration language、Blurred boundaries between community language or national language，The function of bet365 tennis bet is not only to serve international exchanges，Also serves domestic community integration。The reason why American colleges and universities carry out education in more than 200 languages，One reason is that there are more than 300 languages ​​spoken by residents in the United States。

Different from European and American countries，The number of international immigrants currently accepted by China is still small。2018，The number of international immigrants in China is about 1 million，About 0 of the total population.01%。The internal immigrant population has not yet formed a force that affects the layout of bet365 tennis bet。Within a period of time，The main purpose of China’s bet365 tennis bet is still to serve diplomacy、Foreign Affairs、Foreign trade and other international exchange work。

The purpose of education determines the choice of foreign language。Before the main purpose of serving international exchanges changes，China’s bet365 tennis bet should give priority to those with great global influence、Languages ​​that are conducive to promoting international exchanges。After the talent pool of these languages ​​is complete，More plans to promote education and teaching in some very uncommon languages。current，Refer to the bet365 tennis bet experience in the United States or European countries，Simply oriented towards the expansion of the number of languages，Blindly over-invest in foreign languages ​​of little value in international communication，Not only cannot promote international exchanges，It will also cause a huge waste of educational resources。

　　(Author’s affiliation: Linguistics Institute of Shanghai International Studies University、China Foreign bet365 tennis bet Strategic Research Center)