Agriculture is the "cockpit stone" and "stabilizer" for economic and social development，Especially for developing countries or a large population country，Grain safety is particularly important。Agricultural production characteristics are natural reproduction and economic reproduction intertwined，Natural risks and economic risks coexist，Therefore，Government policy's support and guidance for agricultural production are particularly important。Subsidies to agriculture are the ways most countries support agricultural development，To protect the disadvantaged industry，Promote agricultural development and ensure food safety。

Current，my country is in a critical period for a well -off society in an all -round way，But rural development is still a short board。Agricultural subsidy as an important part of the policy of fiscal supporting agriculture，The formulation and improvement of agricultural subsidy related policies，For agricultural development、Rural revitalization and peasant wealth are important。In fact，The scope and intensity of Chinese agricultural subsidies have expanded and improved，But the amount of agricultural subsidies obtained by farmers is not high，and under the WTO framework，The "ceiling" of the price of agricultural product prices has gradually raised and the "floor" of agricultural production costs quickly rises，The income growth of the farmers that subsidies can bring is limited after all。plus，Non -agricultural employment income is increasing，Not enough to change the situation with relatively low agricultural production income。We must clearly recognize the role and effect of agricultural subsidies，This is a shortcoming bet365 Play online games of a well -off society for completing the completion of a well -off society、Promote the independent or orderly flow of the elements、Improve bet365 best casino games the factor configuration efficiency、The improvement of the improvement of the factor resources market is important。

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The connotation of my country's agricultural subsidy policy is constantly changing。Agricultural subsidies began in the late 1950s，The earliest subsidy for the loss of the furnishing quota of the machine farming at the state -owned tractor station，After gradually expanding to the price subsidy of agricultural production materials、Agricultural production power subsidies and loan discount subsidies。Since 2004，my country has gradually established a subsidy for good crops、Direct subsidies for planting food、Agricultural machinery purchase subsidy and agricultural subsidy system mainly agricultural subsidy system，and began to completely cancel agricultural taxes in 2006。Not only that，The scope of agricultural subsidies and crop species are also expanding。Crisine species from rice、Wheat、Corn subsidies are enlarged to potato、cotton、Peanuts and Qingyu and other crops。Ru Shanxi、Motor return subsidy for straw back to Jiangsu、Subsidies of corn gymnasis in Shaanxi Province。The agricultural subsidy system is gradually being improved、Optimization，Fully pushed the "three subsidies" reform in 2016 (Subsidy Subsidies for Crops、Three subsidies for direct grain subsidies and comprehensive subsidies for agricultural capital are merged into agricultural support protection subsidies)，Adjustment of soybeans、Cotton storage policy is the target price system; cancel the corn storage policy，Change to producer subsidy, etc.，Agricultural subsidies have changed from "circulation dark supplement" to "production of production"，The depth bet365 live casino games and breadth of subsidies are continuously expanded。

Agricultural subsidies are one of the important ways for farmers' income，The amount of agricultural subsidies in my country continues to increase，2004-2016 four subsidies increased from 14.5 billion yuan to 165.2 billion yuan，increased by more than ten times。Not high in agricultural products、In the context of the rapid growth of agricultural production costs，Subsidies have become an important way to increase income farmers。According to 2019 Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, about 31 provinces (districts and cities), the survey data of Qiancun in the province (district and city)，The average value of the average cultivated land protection subsidy obtained by farmers reaches more than 100 yuan，Agricultural subsidies obtained by the family，One of the important sources that constitute the income of farmers' families。

　Important means to regulate the price of factors

Agricultural subsidies are not only a way to increase income，It is also a means to regulate the price and guide factor optimization configuration。According to the nature of the subsidy，The existing agricultural subsidies in my country can be roughly divided into reward subsidies in terms of economy nature、Capital subsidies、Three categories of inclusive subsidies。

The first category is capital subsidy，Such as agricultural machinery purchase subsidy、Good breed subsidies、Comprehensive Agricultural Capital Capital, etc.。Capital subsidies will reduce the relative price of capital，Promote large planting households to increase capital investment，Expand the scale of agricultural production，Make the configuration efficiency of the production factors improve，Reasonable configuration that helps agricultural production factors，Effectively promote the large -scale operation of agricultural production，Realize organic connection of small farmers and modern agricultural development。

The second category is Bet365 app download a reward subsidy，Including rice、Soya、Subsidies of corn producers。Reward subsidies are similar to efficiency wages，Help increase the benefits of farming，Improving the willingness of farmers to engage in agricultural production。Reward subsidies have an important role in regulating the price of labor and land elements。On the one hand，The rapid growth of non -agricultural employment wages，Revenue from agricultural production is relatively low，Increase or expansion of the reward subsidy，To a certain extent, it has improved the relative benefits of labor elements into agricultural production。For example, the minimum acquisition protection price、Producer subsidy (corn、Soya、rice), etc.。On the other hand，Reward subsidies have also adjusted the price of land elements，Directly increased the income of large planting households，Reduced the cost of large planting households。For example, subsidies for planting large households、Agricultural support protection subsidy (moderate scale operation of food), etc.。

The third category subsidy is inclusive subsidy。Inclusive subsidies are similar to the dividend generated by the assets，The subsidy object is basically a farmer who has contracted rights。Even the farmers who rent farmland are just rental operations，Keep the contract right，Can still get inclusive subsidies，Its dividends will not decrease。Inclusive subsidies have increased farmers' income，Therefore, it often has a promotion of farmland flow。

　Further optimize the "agriculture, rural areas" resource allocation

Election price is the core of factor configuration。Agricultural investment elements caused by agricultural subsidies change，Adjustment of the allocation of factor resource allocation，Especially in the transformation period of my country to modern agriculture，Optimized configuration of agricultural elements in high yields must be achieved，Including land、Capital、Optimized bet365 best casino games configuration of labor。

Optimization of the configuration of rural land elements，Since 1984, the Central Document "Encourage Land to Gradually Concentrate to Garfa Power" began，Farmers' contracting rights to land continuously strengthened，Land operating rights transactions are gradually being given farmers。The turnover rate of agricultural land increased from 11.63%in 2000 to 21.15%in 2008，2018 The circulation rate of agricultural land is as high as 37%。Agricultural Production，Mechanical investment continues to increase，The comprehensive mechanization rate of agricultural production in 2018 reached 69%。Reform of the Liability System of Family Coalition Production，While improving the efficiency of agricultural production, it also formed a large amount of agricultural surplus labor，and with the development of the non -agricultural sector and the advancement of the process of urbanization，A large number of labor across departments、Cross -regional transfer to improve income level or improve living conditions，The total amount of migrant workers in 2019 reached 290.77 million。Accelerate with the flow of labor elements，Labor elements in agricultural production become relatively scarce，Capital element investment gradually increases，Land element gradually tilted towards large -scale。Agricultural subsidies are increasing income、Adjust the price of the factors，It also promoted the optimized configuration of factor resources。It not only forms an incentive mechanism for agricultural production，and promote agricultural production to the division of labor and modern agricultural production model。The role of giving play to agricultural subsidies in the process of optimizing factor resource allocation is an important measure for agricultural modernization reform，Specifically includes the following aspects。

Reward subsidies can increase farmers' agricultural Bet365 app download production income，to guide the reasonable configuration of labor elements in the agricultural department and non -agricultural sector。Reward subsidies For large -scale growers，Not only can increase its income for agricultural production，And can promote its production scale to further expand。

Large -scale transfer of rural labor，Makes labor elements in agricultural production relatively scarce，Capital subsidies reduce the relative price of capital，Makes the price of capital relative to labor low，Promoting farmers' investment in agricultural production，Or form a capital alternative to labor in the input of factors。At the same time，Increase in the investment in agricultural subsidy capital can also effectively promote the increase in agricultural income。Especially agricultural machinery has a certain specificity，Can improve labor production efficiency and promote the expansion of agricultural production scale。The scale of agricultural production also helps reduce the cost of the unit of capital，to reduce the cost of agricultural production，Instead of increased agricultural production units or total income。

Inclusive subsidies are not only a fiscal transfer payment，Some inclusive subsidies are related to whether the tax calculation method and taxation foundation is related to the agricultural land，It also prompted farmers to invest agricultural land into agricultural production or transfer to others，Avoid the idle or invalid configuration of land elements，Makes the configuration of the land element more effective。

The "Opinions on Construction of a more complete factor market -oriented system mechanism" released by the State Council in 2020 pointed out，"Promote the independent flow of the elements，Improve bet365 best casino games the factor configuration efficiency "。Perfect and optimization of agricultural subsidies，helps to promote and guide the orderly flow and improve the factor configuration efficiency，and agricultural subsidies are also important for the shortcomings of completing the completion bet365 Play online games of a well -off society and realizing the organic connection between small agricultural production and modern agriculture。

(Author Unit: Sannong Research Institute of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics)