More than 40 years of reform and opening up,Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,Our government has long been committed to alleviating bet365 sports and improving people’s living standards,The achievements in bet365 sports alleviation are obvious to all,The ambitious goal of comprehensively lifting the poor population out of bet365 sports under current standards has been achieved as scheduled,Start a new journey of comprehensively building a modern socialist country。The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly proposed,my country’s economic and social development goals during the “14th Five-Year Plan” period include people’s livelihood and well-being reaching a new level,Including "a more complete multi-level social security system,The health system is more complete,Consolidation and expansion of achievements in bet365 sports alleviation,Comprehensive advancement of rural revitalization strategy”。
As my country’s bet365 sports alleviation work enters a new stage,In addition to continuing to promote development-oriented bet365 sports alleviation policies,The existing comprehensive security system in rural areas should also be coordinated,Create a long-term mechanism for sustainable development for relatively poor people in rural areas,Consolidate the results of bet365 sports alleviation。
Social security has obvious effectiveness in reducing bet365 sports
Current,my country’s social security system continues to improve,Social insurance has been formed、A comprehensive security system with social assistance and social welfare as the main body。The core of consolidating the results of bet365 sports alleviation is to build an early warning mechanism for those who have been lifted out of bet365 sports to return to bet365 sports,Create a sustainable income security mechanism for low-income people,Social security has obvious bet365 sports reduction effect。
The author used the household survey data of the China Resident Income Distribution Research Group (CHIP2018) to calculate and find,The government-guaranteed income of rural residents in my country accounts for 12% of disposable income,The proportion of poor families reached 42.38%,Indicates that the poor are highly dependent on government social security expenditures,The increase in social security expenditure has an important impact on rural bet365 sports reduction。From the perspective of government guaranteed income types,The three items that account for the highest proportion of the disposable income of poor families are pensions、Benefiting farmers subsidies and subsistence allowance income,14 respectively.42%、10.69% and 3.65%。
The bet365 sports reduction effect of government guaranteed income is mainly measured by comparing the incidence of rural bet365 sports with different income compositions,That is, compare the changes in bet365 sports incidence before and after receiving subsidies。Calculation and discovery,Government subsidy income can reduce the incidence of rural bet365 sports by about 4.53%。There are obvious differences in the bet365 sports reduction efforts of different types of government transfer payment instruments,Rural pension income makes the greatest contribution to bet365 sports reduction,Among them, the new rural pension system has the greatest effect;The second is subsistence allowance、Medical reimbursement income and farmer subsidies,These three types of government guaranteed income also have significant bet365 sports reduction effects。Pension income contributes 62% of the bet365 sports reduction effect of government subsidy income.03%,The new rural pension system alone contributes 26% of the bet365 sports reduction effect of government subsidy income.05%。In summary,The bet365 sports reduction effect of government guarantee expenditure is significant,And there are obvious differences in the bet365 sports reduction effects of different types of subsidies。
Current,Comprehensively winning the battle against bet365 sports has been achieved as scheduled,This means that the income levels of low-income people have all reached above the national bet365 sports standard,But there is still a risk of returning to bet365 sports。The characteristics of the low-income population determine the importance of comprehensive security in consolidating the work of bet365 sports alleviation。Research has shown,The population prone to return to bet365 sports is concentrated in the elderly、Those who are in poor health and children。It is difficult for this type of group to increase their income in the short term by improving their self-development capabilities,Also accompanied by medical treatment、The increase in education and other expenditures makes it easier to fall into bet365 sports,The government needs to provide long-term basic living security。The comprehensive security system mainly solves the problem of food and clothing for the poor by providing them with transfer income,Includes pension、Medical reimbursement income、Minimum living security,And other government investments for farmers, especially poor farmers。Therefore,Coordinating a comprehensive security system can provide fundamental support for consolidating the results of bet365 sports alleviation。
The comprehensive bet365 sports system needs to be improved
Although the existing social security system is obviously effective in reducing bet365 sports,But it must further develop its function of consolidating the results of bet365 sports alleviation,There are still some problems,If the distribution of social security is unbalanced,The security standards for low-income groups need to be improved, etc.。
1st,Social security expenditure is low,In different regions、Urban and rural、Unbalanced distribution among groups。In terms of expenditure scale,Compared to other countries,The scale of social security expenditure is significantly smaller than that of the United States、Developed countries such as the United Kingdom,Need to continue to expand the scale of social security expenditure。From the distribution point of view,Social security expenditures received by residents in the eastern and central regions are significantly higher than those in the western regions,And urban residents receive higher social security expenditures than rural residents。Calculated,The social security provided to urban residents is four times that of rural residents。Only from the scale of expenditure,There is still room for improvement in the pension scale of the rural elderly population in the future。Therefore,Optimize the expenditure structure of social security,Make it tilt toward low-income groups,It is also an important foundation for giving full play to the role of social security in consolidating the results of bet365 sports alleviation。
Second,Comprehensive security needs to be strengthened to cultivate endogenous motivation for bet365 sports alleviation。When bet365 sports is reduced to a certain level,Building on previous economic growth and human capital investment,It is necessary to implement a layered social insurance plan to consolidate the results of bet365 sports alleviation。Pay special attention to improving the human capital level of low-income groups,Pay attention to its endogenous development power。Combining bet365 sports alleviation with intellectual and moral support,Guarantee compulsory education for children of low-income groups,Gradually establish a subsidy system from early childhood education to higher education,Preventing people who have been lifted out of bet365 sports from returning to bet365 sports due to education。Improving school conditions in backward areas,Encourage young teachers to teach in backward areas,Promote the “Internet + Education” model,Optimize resource allocation between regions。Carry out education system reform,On the basis of developing general education,Promote vocational education and training,Stabilize employment levels in backward areas。
The most direct goal of social security is to provide subsidies to low-income people,Reduce the possibility of falling into bet365 sports due to external shocks,What is more important is that it can improve the endogenous development capabilities of low-income groups。On this basis,Gradually improve the basic standards of inclusive social security,Prevent residents from sudden illness、bet365 sports caused by old age or unemployment。and,Continuously improve the comprehensive and multi-level social insurance plan,Preventing large-scale natural disasters、bet365 sports caused by plague, etc.,Create a guarantee mechanism to respond to emergencies in public events。
Build a social security safety net for bet365 sports alleviation
Coordinating the comprehensive security system,Consolidating the results of bet365 sports alleviation requires the existing social security system as the basis,Categorize and implement policies for different types of social security projects,Established with high coverage、A system with high fairness and sustainability。Further play the role of comprehensive security in consolidating the results of bet365 sports alleviation,Need to continue to improve basic pension insurance、Basic medical insurance mainly,Fairness covering all residents、Sustainable social insurance system,At the same time,Improving the minimum living security system,Building a diversified social assistance system。
1st,In the rural pension insurance system,Appropriately increase rural pension standards。The author calculated and found,Rural residents’ pension income accounts for the highest proportion of social security expenditures,However, the low level of pension income restricts the effectiveness of pensions in reducing bet365 sports。Discovered using CHIP2018 calculation,my country 1 in 2018.The total new rural pension pension expenditure for 100 million rural elderly is 144.7 billion yuan,After expanding the new rural insurance pension by three times,The national new rural pension pension burden is approximately 434.1 billion yuan。After building a moderately prosperous society in all respects,Consolidating the results of bet365 sports alleviation requires continuous improvement of rural pension standards。At the same time,Social security projects can also be improved according to the situations of different elderly people,If appropriate, increase the lost ground、Lost Only One、Pension insurance subsidies for the elderly, etc.。
Second,In the medical insurance system,Continuously improve the medical bet365 sports system。One,On the basis of basic medical insurance,Encourage participation in commercial medical insurance,Increase supplementary medical and critical illness medical insurance,Appropriately increase the reimbursement ratio for serious illness,Gradually transform special treatment for serious diseases into universal treatment。Part 2,Improving medical insurance coverage,Give subsidies to special groups such as the elderly, the weak, the sick and the disabled to participate in medical insurance,Promote direct reimbursement policy for medical treatment in other places,Provide medical coverage for low-income groups who do not participate in local medical insurance。Part 3,Actively promote urban and rural areas、Equalization of medical services among regions,Increase the construction of rural public health service facilities,Improving medical conditions in rural areas,With the help of the "Internet + Medical" platform,Enable more medical resources to serve backward areas with the help of the Internet,Reducing the burden of medical treatment for low-income groups。
Third,Improving the minimum living security system,Building a diversified social assistance system。The minimum living security system should provide basic living standards for special groups。current,Our country has included more than 20 million registered poor households as subsistence allowance recipients。Establishing a diversified assistance system covering the whole society includes the following levels: The first level is to provide direct subsidies to groups in rural areas who have lost the ability to work or have limited ability to work;The second layer is to prevent low-income groups and marginalized groups from returning to bet365 sports due to increased large expenditures (such as medical care and education);The third level is basic living security assistance for all residents when they are affected by public emergencies。Not only that,It is also necessary to improve the multi-level social welfare system,Encourage social forces to participate in social assistance,Continuously improve the living standards and quality of life of residents in the whole society。
2021 is the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Party,It is also the first year of the “14th Five-Year Plan”,It also consolidates and expands the results of bet365 sports alleviation、The starting year to achieve effective connection with rural revitalization。The National bet365 sports Alleviation and Development Work Conference held at the end of 2020 clearly stated,Put top priority on consolidating and expanding the results of bet365 sports alleviation。To consolidate the results of bet365 sports alleviation, the role of the comprehensive social security system should be brought into play,Continue to implement industrial and employment assistance policies for low-income groups who are able to work,The advantages of social security should be used for rural low-income groups with limited labor ability,Establish a sustainable income guarantee mechanism。In particular, social insurance needs to be coordinated and improved、A rural multi-level comprehensive security system with social assistance and social welfare as the main body,Comprehensive elderly care to meet the low-income rural population、Educational and medical needs,Promote the establishment of a long-term mechanism to consolidate the results of bet365 sports alleviation after 2020,Ultimately realize the continuous improvement of the sense of gain for low-income groups、Goals of happiness and security。
(This article studies and interprets the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The National bet365 sports Science Fund major project "Research on Improving the Redistribution Adjustment Mechanism" (20ZDA048) is a phased result)
(Author’s unit: School of Finance, Renmin University of bet365 sports)
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