Singapore began to implement the central provident fund system in 1955。This system generally presents "Efficiency Priority，Opportunity，Take into account fairness "characteristics，Perfect personal responsibility with government guarantee，By providing a variety of、Comprehensive social security service，While improving the level of national welfare, it has promoted improvement of economic efficiency。

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The Central Provident Fund System is a complete accumulated forced force savings plan，The system requires employees and employers to pay the provident fund，Alcoons in the members' personal account。In order to achieve special funds for different uses，Personal account deposits of members under the age of 55 will be allocated to ordinary accounts in a specific proportion、Special Account and Medical Savings Account。When a member is 55 years old，The Central Provident Fund will add a retirement account to the members' personal account，The deposit of ordinary accounts and special accounts will be transferred to the retirement account。At the beginning of the establishment of the Central Provident Fund, only as a pension system，Provide basic pension guarantee for retired employees，With the continuous increase of social needs，The function of the provident fund has gradually expanded from the initial pension guarantee to medical treatment、Housing and education and other social security areas。

In terms of pension protection，The Central Provident Fund provides a pension bet365 live casino games payment model for personal vertical revenue and expenditure balancing，It is characterized by the level of pension from the insured depends on personal income and savings，instead of relying on social re -assignment。The government provides employment opportunities for workers，Labor self -reliant to obtain the corresponding remuneration，Salary income and savings cope with retired pension life，A virtuous cycle of "work -accumulation -gain"，Finally realized self -responsibility。The collection of pensions is based on the minimum deposit plan，Members should leave a certain amount of minimum deposit in the retirement account，To ensure that you can get a fixed pension income after retirement，The current minimum deposit regulations are S $ 192,000。

In terms of medical security，Singapore has established a unique multi -level medical security system，The government and individuals share the medical expenses together，Can be summarized as "S+3M" form。where，"S" is the government allowance system (Subsidies)，The government grades the ward of the public hospital by the government，Provides different types of medical allowances at different levels to share the outpatient and hospitalization costs for the public。3M is the health savings plan (Medisave)，Used to help members and their relatives raise hospitalization、Daily surgery and some approved outpatient costs; MediShield (Medishield)，It is used to help patients with serious or diseases pay huge medical expenses，November 1, 2015, the health insurance dual -fitness plan upgraded into a compulsory lifelong health insurance plan，Relaxing the restrictions on the age of participation and the amount of claims，At the same time, it also bet365 best casino games effectively prevents the reverse selection problem existing in the Health Insurance Double Plan;，The last safety barrier of as a poor patient，Provide fund assistance for people who still cannot afford medical expenses after participating in the first two plans。Singapore through this kind of government subsidy、Medical Insurance Models that combine medical savings account payment and personal self -payment，Share the burden of medical overhead from different levels，Make sure everyone can enjoy high -quality medical protection。

In terms of housing security，Singapore proposed the "Residential House" plan，In the Central Provident Fund System、Land Act、Coordination and coordination of the HDB system and government subsidy policy，Forms a complete multi -level housing security system，Realized the international leading high housing exclusive rate。where，The Central Provident Fund system plays a huge role when the residents rent and purchase government house，Members can use the deposit and cash of the general account of the provident fund，You can also choose to apply for a loan from the Housing Development Bureau or the bank，and then withdraw the principal and interest of the housing loan in installments per month。Housing and Development Bureau provides buyers with more favorable loan interest rates，It is currently maintained at 2.6%。other，The government will provide a rich provident fund purchase allowance for eligible buyers，to ensure that every Singaporean has a house to live。With the support of the Central Provident Fund，Singapore -low -income families have basically realized "residents have their own houses"，More than 80%of families lived in economical and affordable government groups。

bet365 Play online games In terms of family protection，Singapore has launched a family guarantee plan and a family security plan，To avoid the family's dilemma due to a sudden accident in the provident fund。In terms of education guarantee，The economic pressure brought by the educational expenses to the family，Singapore launched the Education Provident Fund Plan，Allows members to use the savings of ordinary accounts to pay themselves or their children to admit the degree and professional diploma courses of college schools，At the same time, it is stipulated that this fund must be returned to the members' provident fund account for one year after graduation or leaving school，The current repayment period is up to 12 years。

　Government leads to ensure the efficient operation of the central provident fund system

Affected by the political system，The Singapore Government has coordinated and coordinated various national policy arrangements，To promote the stability of social order and the long -term development of the economy，The social security system led by the government has largely ensured the efficient operation of the Central Provident Fund System。

First，The Singapore Government established the Central Provident Fund Bureau，Uniform management and supervision of the raising and distribution of provident fund。Although the Central Provident Fund Bureau belongs to the Ministry of Labor，But has absolute autonomy in terms of financial decision -making and political arrangement。Establishment of the Central Provident Fund Bureau，helps to achieve the scale effect of the provident fund in management，So as to improve the management efficiency of the provident fund，At the same time, it can avoid excessive dispersion of funds，Improve the stability of housing construction funds。

Next，To ensure the preservation bet365 Play online games and value -added of the central provident fund，Singapore has established a relatively complete provident fund operation and investment system，The government provides a guarantee for the minimum income of the provident fund and bear the obligation to pay for funds depreciation compensation。The investment of the Central Provident Fund is mainly divided into two directions。First is government bonds、Bank deposits、Real estate such as housing and infrastructure construction、Investment of assets such as equity and assets of some foreign assets;，Allow the provident fund members to reserve a certain amount in personal account，Part of the savings in ordinary accounts and special accounts use the main investment。The former is responsible for the Singapore government agency，Investors can get interest rates of not less than 2.5%;，Investment instruments approved by the government through the purchase of stocks or gold, the provident fund is invested in the capital market，Investment yields are relatively high，But the investor needs to bear the risk，and the management cost is fixed。

again，Singapore has established a clear and perfect "Central Provident Fund Act"，and promptly correct various supporting policies and systems to ensure the effective operation of the central provident fund system。To cope with aging risks，The government is based on economic and social development，Continuously adjust the proportion of provident fund payment and retirement age，To adapt to the changes in the population structure and the extension of the per capita life expectancy。In terms of medical security，The government is funding in medical insurance、Treat rate adjustment、The coverage scope and the amount of compensation have been made clear regulations，While improving the medical security level of Singapore bet365 best casino games people，Effectively prevent excessive waste of medical resources。In terms of housing security，Singapore House Plan is based on low -cost land，The absolute right to speak and manage the government in land acquisition and management enables the Housing and Development Bureau to obtain private land at a price below the market price，greatly saved the cost of building a house。

It is worth noting that，Although Singapore has created a social security system covering the whole people，But its social welfare design shows the characteristics of "low supply" as a whole，Compared with government assistance to the implementation of the people's benefit，Singapore pays more attention to providing equal opportunities for the people，Encourage people's self -reliance，Self -use，Promote self -service and family mutual assistance，to guide the integration of personal strength and social system。The complete accumulated central provident fund system is that Singapore emphasizes personal responsibility、An important manifestation of self -guarantee，How much is linked to individual's efforts because of the accumulation of funds，The Central Provident Fund System has a strong incentive effect，greatly inspired the enthusiasm of the work，It can also strengthen the self -protection consciousness of preventive savings for the needs of their future guarantee for employees，To a certain extent, the government's social security expenditure。

　　(This article is the National Social Science Fund key project "Fiscal Social security revenue and expenditure policy for international experience research on income distribution regulation" (17ajy025) phased results)

(Author Unit: School of Finance and Taxation of Northeast University of Finance and Economics)