The tradition of stele stone engraving originated from the pre -Qin，Historically with tombstones、Song Gong、Notepad、engraved scriptures and other forms generate a large number of inscriptions on the document。There is a Qing Dynasty，Multi -ethnic interaction and integration reaches unprecedented peak，full、Mongolia、Back、Tibet、Xibe and other ethnic groups not only continued the Central Plains Culture of the Monument，and start using Chinese and multi -ethnic text to write inscriptions，The quantity is huge、Rich content，It is rare for the Chinese and foreign dynasties。Multi -language combination stele is the unique cultural heritage of the Chinese nation，It is a multi -ethnic contact in history in history、Continuous integration，So as a powerful example of a member of the Chinese nation community，It is also a special field that needs to be further excavated in Manchus research。

　bet365 Play online games

The Multi -Language of the Qing Dynasty is widely distributed、Quantity huge、Basic features of the long period of duration。According to the statistics of the "General Metropolitan Metropolitan Bet365 lotto review Metropolitan Film" in Beijing，Multi -language combined monument that is still in the world is near 800 links，Among them, Beijing has the most guaranteed amount，The rest are distributed in Hebei、Liaoning、Sichuan、Xinjiang and other areas。The inscriptions are known to have Chinese、Manchu、Mongolian、Tibetan、Chahatai text、Tonwen、Sanskrit、Latin、Russian，Different from the function of the inscription and the use of the object，Choose from the second body (two languages) to the combination of the five bodies。From the four years of Tiancong (1630), Liaoyang's Manchu "Golden Lama Master Bao Ji Bei" starts until the end of the Qing Dynasty，Multi -language combined monument bet365 live casino games carved the side of China for nearly 300 years later。

The scope of the use of multi -language combination inscriptions is wide，Rich in content: "Notes and Likes" records major historical events，For example, the 23rd year of Qianlong (1758) "Pingzheng Jung Gal La Ming Yili Monument"，Emperor Qianlong Yihan、full、Meng、Tibetan four -character described by his troops to investigate the passage of the northern part of Tianshan，and elaborate the stability governance policy of the Qing Dynasty's "governing by the local" of the Qing Dynasty。"Mourning Commemorative Class" is the deceased "records it、Commending its good、Praise its deeds "，Use objects to include the fullness of the country、Meng、Han、Tibet、Back、North Korean officials and some missionaries who have contributed to Chinese and Western cultural exchanges。"Temple Guantang" covers the construction of temples、Xianghui Activity、House House、Religious thoughts, etc.，Reflect that the communication between religious beliefs and spiritual culture in religious beliefs and spiritual culture is reflected，The content is the most personalized。other，Multi -language combination of monuments also records the sealing sacrifice、Royal List List、Title of the Image、Poetry Miscellaneous Text, etc.，History of Qing、Manchu learning、History of national relations provides rich、System data and vast research space。

　　Multi -language combination monument is unique

Historical materials of stele engraving because of their instant engraving、It is difficult to modify the characteristics，Jingbi Survary Mutual School，Can provide researchers with more accurate and complete historical materials，and multi -language combination of inscriptions is called the treasure in the stone carvings literature。

Unique literature value。Stone stele is very easy to be boring due to weathered and other objective reasons，It is because of the understanding of general reading。Multi -language combination of inscriptions has the bet365 live casino games characteristics of "different texts"，Examine each other through a variety of texts，So as to complete the completion of the word absence、The role of unusual text。In the first year of Kangxi (1662) Manchu "Taiping Palace Monument"，describes Wu Dali, a Manchu -people in the early Qing Dynasty, knows that the Taoist mother -in -law understands、History of faith。Among them, there are many places in the Chinese language lack of，translated through the Manchu part，It just makes up for the important content of the missing。The specific location of the Peach Palace is "KIYOOO I Julergi"，and information such as "DASAME Weileme" and other information。other，Multi -language combination inscriptions also record differences、Details。In "Royal System Pingzhi Qinghai Chengtai Scholars"，Chinese monument to Robo Tibetan Danjin to hide the Mountain "From February 8th to 20th"，The Manchu part is recorded as "From February 8th to 15th"，Diverse seven days。

Unique linguistic value。Index through the vocabulary of the inscription，Linguist can study the characteristics of vocabulary composition in different historical periods，Provides systematic materials for protecting endangered language。The translation of "Temple" and "Stele" as a Manchu monument，Most of the Chinese transliteration of "MIYOO" and "BEI" in the early Qing Dynasty inscriptions，With the Qianlong Dynasty's specifications for Manchu，These two words are more of the standardized Manchu "juktehen" and "Eldengge Wehe"。In the format of the Manchu Text and the Monument,，It also experienced the process from unrestrained sections to gradual standards。At the same time，Multi -language combination monument shows the characteristics of language: on the same monument，Chinese words are complicated、Wingwen Huamei、More allusions，and Manchu is simple and clear、Set directly、More spoken。Ru Kangxi's first year of "Taiping Palace Bei" Beiyang has ten praises，Hanwen uses "Cuiguan Xia 帔，Bright Qi Mi "praise the beauty of the mother and mother of the mother Bet365 app download and mother，Its four -character battle，Quoting Based on the Code，Has the characteristics of Chu Ci; and Manwen makes "good -looking hat，Obvious clothes，Shining green light "，Very simple and easy to understand。

Follow the history of "all beings"。Official activities and aristocratic families have always been the protagonist of historical documents，Society where ordinary people are located、Religious、Culture is difficult to draw and drowns。Multi -language consolidation inscriptions have both royal and nobles，Also famous "Little Character"，Different systems and rules from official documents，These texts have a strong personal style and sincere emotion，Records participating in Xianghui、Daily life such as spokes donation and house houses，Let the people's affairs live flexibly in front of the reader。Three years of Daoguang (1823) Manchu "Guan Di Temple Monument"，Records the officers and soldiers of the Yuanmingyuan inlaid red flag, the officers and soldiers of the banner of the flag of the army, and the officers and soldiers of the banner of the flag of the army of the flags of the flags of the flag of the banner of the Emperor Guan Burning incense、Monocerer plus、Building the Guandi Temple in Qi Heart，Stele Yin also records a large number of questions about the donation，For Beijing Shiman、The study of the Emperor's belief in the Hanqi people has added vivid examples。

Reveal the formation process of the Chinese nation community。The Chinese nation has strong tolerance and diversity，This is inseparable from frequent communication between multi -ethnic groups。A large number of Multi -language combination of inscription，It is the harmony of all nations、Peace、Important examples of unity development，reflects compatibility and packaging in the history of our country、Ethical policy of ethnic language culture。Pay attention to multi -language combination monument research，For the formation of studying the multi -in -one pattern of the Chinese nation、Promoting the cultural identity of the Chinese nation、Increase national Bet365 lotto review cohesion、Answer the current national question，It has important practical significance。

　　Protection of multi -language cultural heritage inheritance and unpopular learning

2022 "Government Work Report" pointed out，To inherit and promote the excellent traditional culture of China，Strengthen the protection and use of the protection of ancient books and the protection of cultural heritage of intangible substances。"Multi -language combination inscriptions" is both an important material cultural heritage，It is also promoting national unity、Powerful support for enhancing national cohesion。In recent years，The protection of the cultural relics management department is continuously enhanced，But there are still stele stones poured in the road、Drown in the mountains and farmland。In particular, Beijing, which has the largest number of inscriptions, Beijing，The introduction of "Detailed Planning of the Core Functional District Core District (District level) (2018-2035)"，The overall protection of the old city is further advanced。Plan proposes to expand the scope of protection of historical and cultural blocks，If protecting Hao Tong、Courtyard、Celebrity Former Residence、Old name，but did not clearly include the multi -language combination monument carved cultural relics into the protection range。

"Multi -language combination monument" research belongs to the research field of Manchulogy。Orientation on 17、full learning of Europe in the 18th century，is an international manifestation，In China、Japan、Russia、United States、Germany and many other countries have deep research traditions。With the efforts of several generations of scholars such as Wang Zhonghan，In recent years, the academic circles at home and abroad have paid more attention to multi -language combination literature。Liu Xiaomeng's "About General Jiang Ning's Elder Chu Manwen" with a piece of pure Manwen 诰，Research on Eju's life、Manchu monument engraving system and other content。"General Metropolitan Metropolitan Metropolitan Bet365 lotto review Metropolitan Film" in Beijing contains 746 kinds of Manwen stone carvings of Beijing academic units，Milestone of Manchu Studios。But，The current research status of research is far from the expectations of making full use of multi -language combination inscriptions。Reasons for the reason，Mainly the following two points:

One，Academic attention low，Research Group Small。Stele -engraved data concentration published in the past，Most of the monuments of multi -language are mostly entered into Chinese inscriptions，full、Mongolian and other ethnic minorities are replaced by the Chinese copy as a copy of the Chinese text，The inscription content "shrinks"。Agreement to language ability，The text of the ethnic minority is not converted、In the case of translation，Many researchers can hardly master and interpret，As a result, the research group is smaller。

Its two，Research difficulty，Difficulties in the output of results。Reading and translation of inscriptions on the inscriptions，It is one of the difficulties of multi -language combination of inscription。Most of the stele is stored in open -air，Weathered phenomenon is very common;，It makes it difficult for some pornographic films to identify。other，The collection and management units of the inscriptions are complex、Favorite standards are different，also caused the overall research to be affected to a certain amount。

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out，Chinese philosophy and social science must attach importance to the development of "unique learning" with important cultural value and inheritance significance、Unpopular discipline。Full studies with international vision，Let the world realize that China is a unified multi -nation -state created by all ethnic groups，Hao Ru Xinghai's multi -language combination historical archives show openness、tolerance、Colorful Chinese culture。As an important part of Chinese studies (that is, the "Sinology" overseas)，Manchuria and Mongolianology、Tibetan studies and other unique studies are the same as，bet365 live casino games However, from the perspective of research's attention，It is a "unpopular" in the unique learning。How to accumulate based on past scholars，Let Manchu Studies do、There is inheritance，Store the academic center of Manchu Study in China? Carefully consolidate the research foundation，Fully excavate and use precious documents that are not familiar to the academic circles like "multi -language combination inscriptions"，Strengthen international academic exchanges，This is the task left to the current researcher，It is also the responsibility given to us by the times。

(Author Unit: Institute of Manchuria, Beijing Academy of Social Sciences)