Teachers' qualifications are the basic requirements of the state for education and teaching staff。Apply for the qualifications of teachers，Thoughts of ideological products engaged in the profession of teachers in compliance with national regulations、Education level、Body and Psychological conditions、Mandarin level test levels and other requirements。The important symbol of the professional construction and development of the teacher team is to implement the teacher qualification system，This is the embodiment of the development view of national teachers based on policy guidance，The fundamental direction of the construction and development of the entire teacher team。

2013，"Interim Measures for Qualification Examination of Primary and Middle School Teachers" and "Interim Measures for Regular Registration of Elimination of Primary and Middle School Teachers"，It marks the full implementation of our teacher's qualification system。Over the years，Teacher qualification system is promoting the management of teachers' qualification management to legalize and standardize、Play positive role in the selection of qualified professionals in my country's education undertakings。

Bet365 app download  

Since the implementation of the teacher qualification system，Pilot reform、Gradually advanced method，Requirements to serve the construction of teachers in different periods，Provides institutional guarantee for improving the professionalization of teachers and strengthening the management of teachers，promoted the booming development of our country for teachers。

First，Taking institutional construction as the criterion，Realize the legalization of teachers' management、Standardized。2080s，The development of various undertakings in my country is on track。Education is the foundation of Xingbang，Teacher is the foundation of education，But the teacher team at the time faced the dual dilemma with a shortage of staff and low quality，Become the core question that plagues the development of education。To cope with the dilemma，Standardize teachers' occupation，Vigorously revitalize education，The "Teacher Law" promulgated in 1993 to determine the teacher's qualification system as a teacher's professional permission system for the first time in the form of legal form，Identification for teacher qualification、Teachers' professional behavior specifications provide legal basis，It also marks the construction of the teacher team on the legal system of standardized management。Subsequent，"Teacher Qualification Regulations" (1995) and "Implementation Measures for the" Teacher Qualification Regulations "(2000) successively promulgated，Standards the classification and appointment of teacher qualifications、Conditions for office、Examination identification specific content，It marks that the qualifications of our country have entered the specific practice stage。Since then，To further deepen the reform of the education system，2010，The General Office of the State Council issued the "Notice on the Pilot on the Reform of the National Education System"，It is clearly proposed to improve the teacher management system、Strengthen the construction of the teacher team，Among them, it includes the pilot work of conducting teacher qualification examination reform and regular registration of teacher qualifications。Subsequent，Special documents issued by the Ministry of Education，In Zhejiang、Hubei provinces take the lead in promoting the pilot work and regular registration pilot work Bet365 lotto review of the national teacher qualification examination reform。As of 2022，31 provinces nationwide (autonomous region、Municipality directly under the Central Government) and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps have all been included in the scope of reform。The teacher qualification system has strongly guaranteed and promoted the development of my country's education。

Second，Taking the teacher as the main body，Teacher qualification recognition completes the "three steps"。Since the establishment of the Qualification System of the Teachers of the Self -State，adopted the graduate of the teachers as the main body、Multiple channels to absorb talent's progressive reform measures。Step 1: Clarify the graduate of the teachers and colleges directly to the teacher。In the early stage of the establishment of the system，Due to the number of teachers, the number of teachers is not enough to meet social needs，To accelerate development，Establishment of various teachers and school graduates at all levels can apply directly for encouragement policies for the qualifications of corresponding teachers (2001-2010)。Step 2: Teachers' sources are expanded from graduates from teachers to all members of society。With the rapid development of education and the continuous improvement of the demand for high -quality education，Teachers' access policy began to tilt to the public and set up a standard entry threshold，It marks the development phase of the development of teachers from the development of the number of teachers from the number of re -rotating to the quantity and quality。In this stage, the "Notice on the Pilot on the Reform of the National Education System" was issued in 2010 as the time node，It is clearly pointing out that the reform of the teacher qualification examination is clear。Everyone who is ambitious to engage in teachers，Try to apply for the corresponding teacher qualification (2011-2019)。Step 3: Carry out the reform of graduate students and teachers for free testing，Highlight the demonstration leading role of the teacher。According to public data, it shows，In 2021, my country ’s full -time teachers have reached 18.444 million，strongly supports the world's largest education system，The number of teachers in my country has fully met social needs，Open a new journey of high -quality professional and innovative teacher team。To highlight the professionalism of teachers，Encourage more teacher students to graduate and teach，The Ministry of Education issued the "Implementation Plan for the Reform of Educational Graduate and Public Fund Teachers for Exemption and Test of Primary and Middle School Teachers" and "Notice on Promoting the Reform of Primary and Middle School Teachers' Qualification Reform of Normal Students"，Based on the national teacher qualification examination，Trial school organizing school test from the scope of reform，Graduates with the school test to prove that the teacher qualification evaluation of the teacher qualification "dual -track" system。This move emphasizes and highlights the demonstration leading role of teachers，Evaluation of teachers' education and teaching ability，Emphasize the professional attributes of the teacher's profession。

The change and development of the teacher's qualification system，Fully reflects the prudent attitude of the top -level design of the party and the country in the field of education and the combination of grassroots exploration，System advancement of each step，All considers the development status of the teacher team at that time、Teachers' education quality and the next step of teacher team construction and development direction。You can see，During the revolution of the teacher qualification system，The professionalism of the teacher has always been Bet365 app download given priority，Especially in recent years, education graduate students and teachers' student exemptions for testing，Pay attention to process assessment，It is clearly proposed that those who participate in the exemption of test -free reform should have no less than one semester of education and teaching ability assessment，The policy guidance of the teacher's qualification system attaches importance to the evaluation of education and teaching ability for teachers。

Overall，my country's teacher qualification system coordinates the teacher and non -normal graduates，While strengthening the education advantage of teachers and teachers，Taking into account the willingness of the non -normal graduates to teach，Formed open、tolerance、Teachers' development path that attaches importance to the quality of teachers。At the same time, we should also notice，Demand for education development in the era，Especially the huge impact brought by education in the digital economy era，On the other hand, higher requirements are put forward on the management and teacher ability level of teachers，The existing teacher qualification system can no longer meet the needs of education for teachers' development。

Teacher qualification system needs to be improved urgently 

Teacher qualification system Optimized the structure of the teacher team，Established a teacher management system，Make teachers' professional and society recognition continuously，The number of teachers' practitioners continues to rise。In the face of huge results，We also have to see，Time Development、The proposal of the new talent view of the new talent view to the teacher's qualification system，And the existing teacher qualification system is not suitable for the development of the teacher team。

First，Teacher qualification recognition should deal with new shortcomings。First，Teachers' qualification applicants can recognize the teaching discipline as a single discipline，Can't meet the needs of teachers' teacher qualification identification needs for cross -disciplinary teachers。The 20th report of the party pointed out，Education、Technology、Talents are the basic nature of comprehensively building a socialist modern country、Strategic support。Cross -discipline is often the growth point of major scientific and technological innovation，Compound talents with cross -disciplinary knowledge are important forces to support technological innovation。But the current teaching disciplines that can be recognized in my country are all single disciplines，No teacher qualification recognition of the interdisciplinary discipline is introduced to the corresponding guidance method，Weaken the professional legitimacy of the cross -disciplistor as a church。Next，Teacher qualification identification agency has both certification and management functions，To a certain extent, it has weakened the professional characteristics of the teacher qualification certificate as a professional qualification certificate。The current identification of teachers in my country is determined by the authority of the education administrative department of the local people's government at or above the county level.。Compared to some European and American countries，Lack of third -party evaluation of education and teaching ability issued by professional institutions for teacher qualification applicants。Education administrative department has both the dual function of certification and management，To a certain extent weakened the professional attributes of the teacher qualification certificate。Last，The assessment content identified by the teacher's qualifications is relatively lagging behind in the development of the times，Insufficient assessment of teachers practitioners using information technology to complete education and teaching。"Internet+Education" has become an important force to promote education reform and a feasible path to achieve fair education，Bet365 app download Internet thinking has also become one of the essential literacy of contemporary people。But the specific content of the current teacher qualifications is based on the assessment content stipulated in the "Interim Measures for the Qualification Examination of Primary and Middle School Teachers" in 2013，Focus on the subject knowledge survey of applicants for teacher qualifications，Comprehensive assessment content that combines information technology and education and teaching ability，Lack of institutional guarantee in the development of selection of teachers' services。

Second，Teacher qualification selection and exit mechanism still needs to be improved。First，In the identification of the teacher qualification of our country，National Primary and Middle School Teacher Qualification Examination is an important part of the appraisal of the applicant's education and teaching ability，Participating in the teacher qualification examination is the prerequisite for the professional access of the teacher。After 10 years of practice test，The pilot reform of the teacher qualification examination has been in 31 provinces in the country (autonomous region、Municipality directly) Extensive development，The content and form of the test are relatively fixed，Some social training institutions use the characteristics of the teacher qualification examination，For targeted、utilitarian tutoring counseling before exam，To a certain extent, it has weakened the selection role of the teacher qualification examination。Next，From the perspective of assessment content and form，Teacher Qualification Exam is divided into two links: written test and interview。The written test is different from the type of qualifications，Divided into different assessment subjects。where，Kindergarten、Primary School Teacher Qualification Examination "Comprehensive Quality", "Inspection of Teaching Knowledge and Ability" (or "Education and Teaching Knowledge and Ability"); "Disciplinary Knowledge and Ability" (or "Professional Knowledge and Ability") Three Division。From subject and assessment content settings, you can see，Written test assessment goals are still based on intellectual inspections，Focus on the basic knowledge of the teacher qualification applicants for teachers' qualification applicants and basic education、Mastering the knowledge of educational psychology。The interview assessment adopts a structured interview or scenario simulation form，The general assessment time is about 30 minutes，The process is fixed，Some candidates obtained the scores obtained by the method of assault training before the exam，The scores obtained with candidates with education and teaching experience are similar，The setting of the assessment process is not enough for the true education and teaching ability of candidates。Last，Teacher Qualification Certificate is a professional access certificate，Once obtained，Lifetime holding，The teacher qualification exit mechanism is not perfect，It brings difficulties to the management of teacher qualification certificates。A considerable part of the person in order to ensure an extra guarantee in the early stage of the career，Take the Qualification Certificate of the Test Teacher as one of the alternatives，Not engaged in the education industry due to various reasons，Management of the teacher's qualification certificate of these people，There is no clear policy and guidance at present。other，The current regulations of the teacher's exit mechanism in my country are not perfect，Regular registration system, although the registration cycle of 360 school hours is stipulated，Those who are not qualified to register should leave the teacher's position，But there is no specification to withdraw from the teacher team。The exit management of the teachers in our country mainly relies on the loss Bet365 lotto review and revocation of the teacher qualifications stipulated in the Teacher Law，It is mainly targeted at illegal illegal personnel，The management and withdrawal mechanism for all the proofers need to be improved and perfect。

third，The threshold for professional entry for teachers is relatively low。According to my country's current teacher qualification system，Non -teacher students participate in the national teacher qualification examination qualification，It is deemed to have the corresponding education and teaching ability，You can get the teacher qualification certificate。This is essentially different from the educational and teaching ability of education internships that is not less than one semester of educational internship practice。Non -teacher students lack practical teaching exercises and experience accumulation，Lack of professional guidance，Most of them are through concentrated large class、The training method of short -term string lecture passed the national teacher qualification examination，This reduces the professional threshold of the teacher's profession to a certain extent。According to public data, it shows，2021 my country Primary School、Junior high school full -time teachers with undergraduate degree or above account for 70.3%and 90.1%，The current "Teacher Law" stipulates that graduation of secondary normal schools can apply for the qualifications of primary school teachers，Higher Normal College or other universities graduate can apply for the qualifications of junior high school teachers，This type of system stipulates that it has obviously behind the development of the times，It also reduced the academic threshold of teachers' professional access。

Promote the reform of the teacher qualification system 

Real problems and challenges faced by the teacher qualification system，All produced under the interaction of institutional application and social development，Therefore, we need to reflect on the problems of the current teacher qualification system with the vision of development。

First，Deepen the reform of the teacher's education system。Since the new era，my country's teacher education system is more open and flexible，Construction of Normal University、High -level University、Professional institutions、High -quality primary and secondary schools、Kindergarten participated in the teacher development support service system。The construction of the teacher qualification system should be closely combined with the education of teachers，Give full play to the teacher's qualification system Unicom teacher's pre -job training and teacher appointment、The role of service teacher team construction。Deepen the reform of the teacher's education system，Fair in ordinary colleges and universities to set up a general courses centered on the professional ethics literacy of teachers，Education、Education Psychology is set as public elective courses in colleges and universities，Use the advantages of college teaching resources，Enhance the sense of responsibility to follow the teacher、sense of mission and professionalism; use VR、AR and other multimedia technology and national primary and secondary school smart education platform，Rich teaching resources，Explore the establishment of a teacher's education internship practice virtual base，Improve the education and teaching ability of non -normal students with information network technology; explore composite talent training mode，Provide the foundation for the training of composite teachers。Current，my country has listed cross -disciplines as the 14th discipline category，There are two first -class disciplines below，and encourage conditional universities to independently set up second -level disciplines。2021，The Degree Committee of the State Council issued the "Cross -disciplinary Settings and Management Measures (Trial)"，Further promote the standardization bet365 Play online games of cross -disciplinary disciplines。The establishment of cross -disciplines meets the needs of scientific and technological development in the new era and the rules of talent training，Can effectively break the traditional discipline thinking mode，Conditional teachers can take the lead in exploring and establishing a composite talent training plan，Provide high -quality innovative talent reserves for the construction of the teacher team in the future。

Second，Further improve the teacher qualification system。Teachers 'professionalism runs through teachers' career，Further improve the teacher qualification system，Should focus on the following two aspects。On the one hand，To explore the establishment of an exit mechanism in the management of teachers。2022，Supreme People's Court、The Supreme People's Procuratorate and the Ministry of Education jointly issued the "Opinions on Implementing the Prohibition System of the Examination"，The admission mechanism of the qualification system of our teachers has become improved，But the corresponding exit mechanism has not yet been established。For the current status of the current teacher qualification certificate for the current teacher qualification certificate，You can explore the annual inspection system for the establishment of a teacher qualification certificate，5 years as one cycle，The certification has not been registered for a regular registration record in 5 years，See the Certificate Expired，The qualification certificate held by the teacher held is invalid; explore the establishment Bet365 lotto review of the national teacher career development alliance，The teacher's professional development alliance regularly conducts a regular classification vocational skills evaluation of teachers' qualifications，combined with the regular registration system，The application of regular registration results is more scientific and reasonable，and provide professional reference for teachers' evaluation。On the other hand，Explore the establishment of a dynamic adjustment mechanism in the assessment content。my country's current teacher qualification examination content was established in 2013，Although some examination subjects were added in 2017，But still cannot fully meet the needs of the current education and teaching development。Calligraphy、Dance and labor education subjects as examples，To comprehensively deepen and promote the reform of quality education，The state requires primary and secondary schools to open these literacy courses。Correspondingly，Teachers in such courses are also increasingly increasing。But these courses have not been included in the national teacher qualification examination subject，The content of the test cannot meet the needs of teachers well。For this，Dynamic tracking mechanisms for the establishment of a national teacher qualification examination should be explored，Flexible adjustment of the test opening subject，Better to serve the development of the teacher team。

third，Improve the threshold for the professional entry of teachers。The complexity of the teacher's occupation、Creativity、Multiple nature determines the long -term nature of the training and development of teachers，Selected talents who are really interested in teaching to join the teacher team，The long -term stable development of the service teacher team，is the basic function of the teacher qualification system。The construction of the teacher's qualification system should be grabbed from the "entry level"。First，Improve the academic standard of teacher qualification applicants。2021，"Teacher Law (Revised Draft)" solicited opinions from the public，Among them, the academic qualification requirements of the teacher qualification applicant have been clearly improved compared to the old version of the Teacher Law。After the new version of the "Teacher Law" is implemented，as the upper method，It will bring a bet365 best casino games strong role in promoting the reform of the relevant system of teacher qualifications，Promote the improvement of teachers' access standards，Adding high -educated and high -quality talents to enter the teacher team。Next，Introduction of training links between "admission" and "appointment"，Change the standard identification to selection identification。Establish a national level training course system，Establishing training management measures，Encourage conditional universities or institutions to build education and teaching practice platform，Those who qualify for training can teach，Entrying — Training -Teacher Qualification Management System，Highlighting the selection function of teacher qualification access。

The teacher qualification system is related to what kind of person selection enters the teacher team、What kind of teacher team is the fundamental question of what kind of teacher team。Under the conditions of the new era，We want to "jump out of the teacher to see the teacher，Jump out of education to see education "，A deep understanding of the guarantee of the teacher qualification system for the training and construction of the teacher team，Deep understanding of the needs of the teacher team to serve the people's development needs、Supporting role of serving the needs of economic and social development，Inheritance Teacher's Excellent Tradition，Further optimize and improve the teacher qualification system，Serving socialist education。

(The author of the Teacher Qualification of the Ministry of Education、Dean of the School of Continuing Education and Teacher Training of Beijing Normal University)