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Practice can eliminate scientific internal and external gaps

May 20, 2020 03:49 Source: "China Social Sciences", May 20, 2020, 1929th author: Guo Rongmao

　　There is a problem in the philosophy of modern science，That is, the opposition or gap between science "internal problems" and "external problems" (itself and environment)。Michel Callon is a contemporary French scientific knowledge sociologist，He and bruno Latour and John Law, etc.。Cycling of Cymbonians and others，A chance to solve this problem。

　　A bridge of the Internet theory of the activist network，Promoting the internal and external communication of science，I believe that there is an internal internal and technological in the thought of science and technology，Because there is also an external。There is a positive feedback cycle in such a simple point of view，That is as long as the more scientific interior，Scientists will be more distant scientific external。Further say，If scientists are in the laboratory，Under the action of this positive feedback，They will not see interpersonal relationships、Politics、Law、Moral、Economic and Culture, etc.，Science at this time is out of society。

　　and actually，Science cannot be isolated in society。It is because the leaders are active in the external，Other scientists or collaborators bet365 live casino games can work with internal work in science。If we will confront the internal and external opposites of science，Then the complete scientific and technological exploration cannot be achieved，It is also impossible to find a clear follow -up direction at the crossroads of scientific activities。When scientists seem to work with completely independent face，When you are together with those who are interested in studying scientific issues,，This indicates that they are not completely independent，Instead, contact other people's research interests closely。And scientists want to be truly independent，Unable to obtain social resources to build a laboratory，I can’t recruit other peers to work together，I can't even obtain the means of making a living。It can be said，This dual movement (Double Move) is conducive to the strength of scientific external interest and the strength of scientific internal work.，Promoting the smooth development of scientific activities。

　　Pay attention to case research，Emphasize the practice of science，This method can better eliminate the gap between the internal and external problems of science。From the perspective of the Internet theory of the actor，Human elements and non -human elements have the same important position，The distinction between nature and society has been eliminated，Social Bet365 lotto review factors are no longer the causal shaping factors of the Internet，Instead, the results of the previous networks and its contradictions in the unknown field。

　　To explain the mobile network of science and technology，Caron studied a tram case。He studied French tram cases in France from the perspective of "actor network"，Analyze the construction process of the tram by revealing heterogeneous elements in scientific and technological activities。1973，French Electric Power Corporation (EDF) is ready to develop a new tram，It is intended to stipulate the characteristics of the pure technical technical of new cars，and limited the activity field of this type of automobile operation。EDF put forward new requirements for the manufacturer，Defined the car production mode of the post -industrial society，This can replace the history and technical history of the industrial society。EDF strives to seek support from various government departments，Let it help the formulation of laws and regulations that are conducive to tram development，It also gives relevant funding for municipal authorities interested in tram，It is also recommended that the bus company and the research center and scientists establish a cooperative relationship。From the perspective of non -human elements，EDF's tram plan to include an implicit battery、fuel cell、Electric、bet365 Play online games Electronic catalysts and electrolytes，These and human elements (consumer、Government Department、Scientists, etc.) Has the same status。The tram R & D project has developed smoothly in the first few years，By 1973, the new tram still exists，The challenge of Renault Motor Company, which has been rising into the largest automobile manufacturer in France，It will be disintegrated by 1976。

　　EDF ’s job at the time was to construct the“ actress network ”。New trams as a technical object existing in the mobile network constructed by EDF，Its manufacturing is also the construction of this specific mobile network。The concept of the "actor network" proposed by Karon allows us to better understand how society and technology are generated at the same time。In this mobile network，The constituent element is heterogeneous，Including both human elements and non -human elements，New tram，It has also shaped its technical content。The Internet theory of the actor is also called translation sociology，Translation means conversion，Emphasize changing interests，In this process，The mobile network is constructed。The formation of this network is inseparable from the interests of each actor、Character、Re -define status and role。

　　Human elements and non -human elements will change during the translation Bet365 lotto review process，The key to determine whether the translation can be successful，lies in the ability of the translator and the resistance of the translator。The solidity of the technical object depends on the solidity of the mobile network。The construction of the mobile network highlights the various forces of science and technology，It also reflects the process of the construction of science and technology is the process of generating nature and society simultaneously，The successful construction of science and technology is the successful construction of nature and society。Go further，Scientific and technological activities itself can form a seamless network of nature and society，Nature and society are jointly constructed in this seamless network。

　　Caron's practical research on French tram cases through the "actor network" emphasizes the follow -up of technical construction activities，Expressing important theoretical significance，Specific three points。

　　First，Promote human elements and non -human elements to participate in construction，Following the movement itself。This research attempts to grasp the usual innovation，Feel the existence of collective，The theory of exploring how to achieve harmonious coexistence of the group，Study specific paths。Here，We need to explain how they set up contact，This is inseparable from the Bet365 lotto review followers of the actor，Keep exploring on the road of progress。

　　2，Emphasize the construction of the Internet，The construction network (workNet) instead of a noun network itself (network)。The biggest difference between the theory of the Internet and the theory in the past is to emphasize the construction (work) activity or flow, etc.。It can be said，The theory of Internet theory is a theory，might as well be a method。

　　third，Emphasizing the "conversion" of research perspective。Methodism of continuous conversion between multiple theoretical vision between the internet theory of the activist。The theoretical workers want to achieve the objectivity of science，To understand the transformation of the research framework and research field，is jumping from one jump to another。Otherwise，They will be limited to narrow vision。

　　(This article is the central university's basic scientific research business fee project · Overseas Chinese University's philosophical and social sciences young scholars growth project "Social Construction Research on Social Construction of Modern Science and Technology" (20skgc-QT03) phase results)

　　(Author Unit: School of Philosophy and Social Development of Overseas Chinese University)

Editor in charge: Changchang