As a theory about knowledge and learning，Constructionist has gone through many steering in scientific research。Where，"Social Treatment" is an important aspect。The theory of social constructivism formed thus，Inspired people to understand modern science from a social perspective。

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From a broad sense，Constructivism refers to different cultural fields in the 19th and 20th centuries (especially the field of art)，Basic tendencies for creating with constructive concepts and construction methods。From a narrow sense，Constructionist refers to the efforts of reconstruction of mathematical and logical foundation with the basic crisis of mathematics in the early 20th century。Where，Constructing logic and constructing mathematics is the specific result of this effort。

Feng Qi mentioned the term "constructivism" and mentioned the Erlanger Schule and Konstanzer Schule，They played an important role in the development of constructivism。The former proposed the basic concept of spatial graphics theory and construction logic，and try to find the verification of the scientific language、Basic framework of semantics and syntax，Exploring the internal association of scientific languages ​​and life language, and the priority of the object structure and statement structure。The latter supplemented and modified some concepts (such as reconstruction) of the former，and promote bet365 Play online games it to the history of science、Ethics、Education and general scientific theory。

Constructionist on science，From 1955，J. Piaget (J. Piaget) conducted inspection from the perspective of epistemology。His perspective based on psychology，It is believed that there is a connection between the understanding of science and the role of the mind，and advocate the "construction" of the mind。This is the representative theory of constructivism，People call it general constructivism，Reflected the initiative of the understanding object，With obedience、Assimilation、Internalization and adaptation and other psychological mechanisms。

　　"Social Steering" of constructivism 

Psychological Theory's understanding of scientific construction is biased towards subjectivity。To overcome this limitations，People's understanding of scientific construction gradually shifts to sociological theory。Where，The more representative are the real "social construction" claimed by P.berger and T. Luckmann。The book "The Social Construction of Reality" published in 1967 mentioned，Real and knowledge is inseparable from a social language context，Their relationship needs to expand sociological analysis through this social context，Knowledge sociology is to analyze the real social construction。other，Richards Stewart in 1983 "Philosophy and Sociology of Science，Study science from the perspective of society。E. McMullin (E. Mcmullin) in 1992 "The Social Dimension of Science"，Collecting and sorting up many literatures that have studied science from social perspective。Many schools have carried out research on the construction bet365 Play online games of science from a "society" perspective，"Social Steering" of constructivism。

In summary，The term "society" has the following performances in scientific research。One，The Edinburgh School represented by D. Bloor proposed a strong program，Proposal to make social analysis with the principle of symmetry as science。They emphasize the role of social factors，Pay attention to the inspection of the social structure of the scientific community and the interests of members。Its two，Bath School, represented by H. Collins, advocates sociological analysis of scientific arguments。Analysis of macro social factors from the Edinburgh School of Science，They pay attention to micro social factors，Pay attention to the impact of discussion and negotiation and judgment between the research expert group。Its three，With the emergence of scientific knowledge sociology cases represented by laboratory research，The investigation of macro social factors on science is gradually replaced。The representative works of which are Parisian Paris and S. Woolgar's "Laboratory Life、K. Cetina's "The Manual OF Knowledge", etc.。Their research does not pay much attention to macro society outside the laboratory，Instead of being interested in anthropological survey inside the laboratory，Case research。Four，In the scientific social dimension inspection，What is particularly worthy of attention is the mobile network research founded by Latur and M. Callon。In their opinion，Scientists and engineers while manufacturing scientific knowledge，Also constructing the world of social life。

Through the inspection of scientific activities，Bet365 lotto review We have seen the "social steering" of constructivism have been recognized by the academic community，that is, the scientific activity itself exceeds the small -scale boundary of the scientific community，At the same time of production scientific knowledge。This "social steering" helps us re -understand the relationship between science and society，to better explore the essence of science，and expand the research field of constructivism。From this，The concept of social constructionism has been universally accepted and recognized by people。

　　Social constructivism highlights scientific socialization 

Refer to the Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy published in 1999，Although there are a lot of definitions of social constructivism，But what people generally hold is，Knowledge at some levels produces the system and practice of human society，or social consultation and social interaction from related groups。can be seen from it，Social constructivism has the characteristics of social and constructive unity，It provides a new perspective for people's knowledge of science。

The concept of socialization reflects the continuous and growing trend of modern philosophy，Many problems of studying science from the perspective of society，History Sociology、knowledge sociology、Social Linguistics、Postmodernism and other fields。Jan Golinski pointed out，Although the term "society" is often used in standardized constructivism，But the situation we can understand is，How to influence the production of natural knowledge on how social factors affect natural knowledge，I did not get more descriptions and bet365 live casino games analysis。Steina has studied scientific knowledge on scientific experiments，Show the social construction characteristics of scientific experiments，And believes that science is the result of scientists jointly constructed。Randall Collins proposed the two concepts of "hesse-net" and "core-set"，The former is the scientific network and related social network where the scientific community is located，The latter is a scientist allies and opponents participating in the resolution of scientific arguments。Andrew Feenberg also emphasizes social constructionism，And this claims the position of counter -decision theory and anti -negative theory，Claims that social constructionism has set up a bridge that can communicate in modernity and scientific research。From this，People have changed a large change in the views of epistemology，After all, the cognitive subject of epistemology cannot get out of the society to understand things。Because human thinking also contains social attributes，What I want to do is just a separate side，And thinking more still needs to be generated in the interaction and communication with others。

According to the perspective of social constructionism，Science generation comes from negotiation and participation of many heterogeneous participants，instead of individual genius gods who came，Not simply laboratory manufacturing。In the scientific production process，Different social roles participate。This is not only scientific researcher，There are also government officials、Company Manager、Consumer, etc.，They all express their opinions in the scientific bet365 live casino games production process，Maintain your own interests。They can provide or restrict resources，Set the channels and directions of scientific development according to your own purpose，Make it in accordance with its own interests。Scientific research activities are essentially a social activity，From scattered individualized activities to socialized collective activities。Science if you want to get better development and more commonly applied，It is necessary to rely on social power，Socialization of realizing scientific research activities and scientific research conditions。The complexity and comprehensive characteristics of scientific research，Make many scientific research work cannot be carried out by scientists only，Need collective collaborative participation，Need a large amount of manpower in society、material resources and financial resources，Establish various social systems that meet the requirements of scientific development。

It can be said，Science here is the performance of social roles and social interests，It is not like the personal mental creation claimed by constructivism，Instead of focusing on socialization。Social Constructionist opened a new perspective of modern science from the perspective of human society，Show scientific social attributes。

　(This article is the central university's basic scientific research business fee project · Huaqiao University University of Philosophy and Social Sciences Young Scholars Growth Engineering Project "Social Construction Research on Social Construction of Modern Science and Technology" (20skgc-QT03) phase results) 

(Author Unit: School of Philosophy and Social Development of Overseas Chinese University)