Three redundant issues (redundant bet365 games、Redundant cost、Redundant soldiers) throughout the Song Dynasty，Criticized as a shortcoming of the Song Dynasty。Among them，The problem of redundant bet365 games had a profound impact on Song Dynasty society，It brings not only bureaucratic corruption，Including financial shortage、Weakening of national power, etc.。Then，For such a serious problem，Did knowledgeable people in the Song Dynasty realize it？Have you made any useful suggestions or taken practical actions to solve the problem？Whether this situation has been reversed？Discuss the Song people’s understanding of the problem of redundant bet365 games，Helps us understand the environment of the times，To facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of redundant bet365 games in the Song Dynasty。

Early Song Dynasty，The problem of redundant bet365 games is not serious。Due to the initial establishment of the regime，Song Taizu was more concerned about the stability of the current situation，Issued an edict in the third year of Kaibao (970)，“Instead of overstaffing, overspending，Not as good as provincial bet365 games to benefit from salary”，Require all localities to “take household registration as the basis”，Minor”。After Zhenzong Dynasty，The phenomenon of redundant bet365 games has begun to become prominent，Gradually becoming an issue of concern to both the government and the public，There are roughly four reasons for this。

First，The overflow of grace。Tang Dynasty，The scope of Enyin is small。To bet365 games，The scope extends from relatives to disciples、Friends, etc.，The number of shade supplements is increasing，The number is increasing。"Song History: Biography of Chen Lianghan" contains: "Empress Cheng Gong received the title，Twenty-five relatives inside and outside the government，Liang Han discusses his redundancy，Edict to reduce seven people。"It can be seen that it was easy to get an official position under the grace system at that time，On the premise of reducing the number of people in Enyin，There are still eighteen relatives of the Queen who have been awarded official posts。

Second，Disadvantages of the imperial examination。Comparing the imperial examination system of the Song Dynasty with that of previous dynasties，The number of recruits has greatly increased。"History of the Song Dynasty·Election System" records: "Only Jinshi are selected for their talents、All subjects are the most extensive”，There are also tribute awards、Martial Arts、Word、Tongzi examination and clan examination and other subjects。Song Taizong Dynasty，Nearly 10,000 people were awarded Jinshi in just one subject。And，The Song Dynasty also set up "special names" for those who failed the scientific examination for a long time。The number of bet365 games admitted to these subjects is increasing，The phenomenon of redundant bet365 games also emerged。

　Third，The Secret of Grinding。Mokan is the performance appraisal and promotion system for bet365 games in the Song Dynasty。Zhenzong Period，It is stipulated that civil and military bet365 games should serve for three years，Give Mokanqian rank。Fan Zhongyan's "Ten Things in Replying to the Imperial Edict" contains: "Today's literary capital is moved every three years，The military position changes every five years，Called grinding。”But，The grinding and surveying system is distorted in actual implementation，“Not limited to internal and external，Regardless of work and rest...even though it is stupid, dark and despicable，It’s hard to ignore，Move every three years，Those who sit down to Qing Chenglang，Everything is true”。As long as ordinary bet365 games have no fault in their duties，Most of them will be promoted，Lack of assessment mechanism for survival of the fittest。

　Fourth，Mistakes in officialdom。Zhishi system is the official retirement system。The Song Dynasty basically followed the system of becoming an official in the 70s of the Tang Dynasty。Song Taizong stipulated: "The system of the imperial court，Serving at seventy。”Early Northern Song Dynasty，Due to imperfect state power institutions，Fewer bet365 games，The "Seventy Years to Serve" is not strictly implemented，The "History of Song Dynasty: Biography of Zhou Zhigao" contains: "March next year (the second year of Qiandao)，Retirement，The edict said: ‘The ancestors’ time，There are close ministers who are over eighty years old and still remain，Qingzhiweiye。’Fate but its chapter。"It can be seen that the system of official appointment for civil servants in the Song Dynasty was not strictly implemented。

Targeting the problem of redundant bet365 games，Some far-sighted people in the Song Dynasty also put forward a series of suggestions and measures to eliminate redundant bet365 games。

First，Fan Zhongyan proposed "suppressing luck" in "Ten Things to Answer the Imperial Edict"，Limiting the ways and quantity of Enyin becoming an official。The third year of Qingli (1043)，Promulgation of "Ren Zi Zhao"，Requesting to conduct a test for shady bet365 games，Only those who passed the exam，In order to obtain the position。

Next，Disadvantages of the imperial examination，Also available in all dynasties。For the increase in bet365 games caused by the imperial examination，Fan Zhongyan and others tried to reform the imperial examination system in the Qingli New Deal，“Performance first, then art，Policy theory first, then poetry"。Bao Zheng strongly recommends “clearing out redundant matters”，Requires exemption of all those who are not listed in the imperial examination，Improve the filling method, etc.。

Furthermore，For the grinding system，Fan Zhongyan proposed "Ming Dezhi"，Requiring Beijing bet365 games to conduct grinding surveys only after three years of their dispatched term，And reformulate the conditions for evaluating political performance。Wang Anshi also expressed his opinion on “regardless of whether one is qualified or not”，Criticize the phenomenon of "how many times he has served"，Believe that bet365 games should be promoted according to their performance。In terms of official career，Ouyang Xiu suggested treating "old and ambiguous people"、Unclear audio and visual、bet365 games who are "difficult to walk"，Resolutely make him become an official。

Finally，In the face of increasing redundancy caused by an increasingly large bureaucracy、Problems such as bloated organization，Some bet365 games have written many times stating the ills caused by redundant bet365 games。Zhu Yi, the supervisory censor, said: "The land is wrinkled and the wealth is increasing day by day.，The number of bet365 games increases and the dispatch becomes more extensive... I want to broaden the people's power，Redundant personnel must be eliminated。" Wang Yu said: "Redundant bet365 games are wasted on the superiors，The redundant troops are wasted，This is why we can only take advantage of the mountains and rivers but not be satisfied。”Visible，The problem of redundancy caused by redundant bet365 games is already serious，People of insight strongly call for reform。

The redundancy of bet365 games is not a unique political phenomenon in the Song Dynasty，But the Song Dynasty had the largest number of redundant bet365 games，Redundant bet365 games have always been a factor affecting the stability of the Song Dynasty。Therefore，It is extremely necessary to get rid of redundant bet365 games。Most far-sighted bureaucrats take "suppressing luck", "exerting fine tribute" and "clearly deposing" as the main measures to eliminate the disadvantages of redundant bet365 games。The first year of the Qingli calendar，Fan Zhongyan personally checked the list of road supervisors，Check the name of the incompetent person。Fu Bize thinks，Such a move is too radical，Persuasion: "Twelve feet is a sum，The whole family is crying！”Song Renzong’s time，Because "the door to mending shade is too wide"，"The imperial edict and ruling，The number of people who joined the official ranks at the age of three from the Second Prefecture was reduced to 2,000”。The early years of Yuanyou，According to Su Shi、Kong Wenzhong’s suggestion，"The number of test scores for the imperial edict"，Jinshi to the fourth level or above、Enter three or above in various subjects，Those who have passed the test will find out，Do not take half of the full amount”。Although these measures have achieved certain results in the short term，But none of them can fundamentally solve the problem of redundant bet365 games。Some measures are even taken too hastily，And seriously affected the stability within the bureaucracy。

Although the supreme rulers and scholar-bureaucrats of the Song Dynasty were aware of the dangers of redundant bet365 games，But reducing the number of bet365 games will inevitably harm the interests of some bureaucratic groups，Thus attracting opposition and leading to political instability。The imperial court wanted to solve the problem of redundant bet365 games to maintain its rule，We must also avoid political instability caused by too much resistance。Conservative forces must safeguard their own interests，We must also prevent redundant bet365 games from causing instability to the country’s foundation。The respective interest demands of the two form a political game，It also caused the reform measures to be scrapped、Abolition and establishment、The root cause of hesitation。

Redundant bet365 games are the product of the Song Dynasty’s strengthening of centralization，It is also one of the important reasons for the poverty and weakness of the Song Dynasty。End of the Song Dynasty，Both the supreme rulers and scholar-bureaucrats have a clear understanding of the disadvantages of redundant bet365 games，However, this problem has never been completely solved。This phenomenon is closely related to his philosophy of governing the country，Emphasis on culture and suppress military force、The idea of ​​governing the world by emperors and scholar-bureaucrats has created a complicated system of bet365 games。Although the Song Dynasty carried out some reforms，Strive to reduce redundant bet365 games，But in the final analysis，It is impossible to subvert its fundamental philosophy of governing the country。Therefore，End of the Song Dynasty，Redundant bet365 games cannot be completely eliminated。

(This article is a phased result of the Henan Province Philosophy and Social Science Fund Project "Treasury Revenue and Expenditure and Financial Operation in bet365 games" (2019BLS004)

(Author’s unit: Research Center for Ancient Chinese bet365 games, Henan University)