Three redundant issues (reward official、redundant fee、Reding Bing) Through the Song Dynasty, it always，It is regarded as the disadvantages of the Song Dynasty and was criticized。Where，The problem of redundant officials has a profound impact on the society of the Song Dynasty，Not only the bureaucratic corruption brings，Including fiscal deficiency、National Weakness, etc.。So，For such a serious question，Did the people of the Song Dynasty realized it? Have you put forward some useful suggestions or take practical actions to solve it?，It helped us understand the environment of the times at that time，It is convenient to have a more comprehensive understanding of the Song Dynasty's redundant officials。

early Song，The problem of bet365 live casino games redundant officials is not serious。Because of the initial construction of the regime，Song Taizu more concerned about the time of the situation，In the three years of Kaibao (970),，"Heavier and fees with them，Not as good as the provincial officials with benefit "，Requires the "household registration rate，Sub -minus members "。After the Zhenzong dynasty，The phenomenon of redundant officials start to highlight，Gradually becoming a question that is followed by the opposition and field，There are roughly four points for the reasons。

Eun shade，Eun shade。Tang Dynasty，Eunyin is smaller。Bet365 lotto review To the Song Dynasty，Scope expands from relatives to doorkeeper、Friends, etc.，The number of yinbu objects continues to increase，Quantity continues to increase。"Song History of Chen Lianghan" contains: "Queen of Chenggong is affected，Twenty -five people inside and outside the official，Liang Han discusses its reduction，Submature seven people。"" "The Easy of the Eun shade system at that time，Under the premise of reducing the number of Enchin,，There are still eighteen people awarded by the queen。

2，Disadvantages of imperial examinations。The imperial examination system of the Song Dynasty compared with the previous generation，The number of scholars increased a lot。"Song History · Election System" contains: "Time to take only Jinshi、The family is the most widely "，In addition, there are tribute、Martial Arts、Poems、Tongzi Labora and the Certificate of the Certificate。Song Taizong once dynasty，Only Jinshi One Division has nearly 10,000 people。and，The Song Dynasty also set up a "special name" for those who did not win the scientific examination for a long time.。The number of officials admitted to these subjects is increasing，The phenomenon of redundant officials also occurred。

third，Dipping of Survey。Survey is a system for promotion of officials in the Song Dynasty。Zhenzong period，Standardized Cultural and Military Officers for three years，Give the Roll Investigation and Relocation Range。Fan Zhongyan's "Answers to the Ten Thousand Things" contains: "Today's three years Bet365 app download of capital, one move，Martial arts in five years，Survey of the Millet。"" But，The Survey System Deformation in actual implementation，"Unlimited inside and outside，Do not ask the work ...，Human Mo to Fine，and move once in three years，Sit to Qingyu Lang，Vegetables are all "。General officials only need to be negligent，Most of them are promoted，Lack of assessment mechanisms for survival of the fittest。

Fourth，Loss of Zhishi。Zhishi System is the official retirement system。The Song Dynasty basically followed the 70s of the Tang Dynasty。Song Taizong stipulated: "The System of the imperial court，Seventy Zhishi。"In the early Northern Song Dynasty，Due to the incomplete national government agency，There are fewer officials，"Seventy to Shi Shi" did not strictly execute，"Song History · Zhou Zhi Biography" contains: "Next year (Two of the Road) March，Old，The upper said: ‘Ancestral Time，There are more than 80 people who are more than 80 years old，Qing Zhizhito is not also。。"It can be seen that the system of the Wenchen of the Song Dynasty was not strictly implemented。

For the problem of redundant officials，Some people of the Song Dynasty have also proposed a series of suggestions for removing redundant officials。

First，Fan Zhongyan proposed "Fortunately"，is the way and quantity of restricting Eunyin as an official。Three years of Qingli (1043)，Prompt "Ren Zizhen"，Requires to conduct a trial of Yinbu officials，Only those who pass the exam，can I get a job。

Next，Disadvantages of imperial examinations，There are all the calendars。bet365 best casino games Increase the phenomenon of increasing officials caused by imperial examinations，Fan Zhongyan and others tried to reform the science system in the Qingli New Deal，"Performing first, then then art industry，Poems and then Poems "。Bao Zheng strongly recommends "Cheng Pan Reding Miscellaneous"，Requires all the unknown exemption of the imperial examinations，Improvement Method Method, etc.。

More，For the Survey System，Fan Zhongyan proposed "Ming 黜陟"，It is required that the officials of the Beijing dynasty can only be conducted after three years after the term of office.，and re -formulate the conditions for examining political achievements。Wang Anshi is also "regardless of its talents，The phenomenon of how much it serves is criticized，It is believed that officials should be promoted according to political achievements。，Ouyang Xiu recommends "the old and old 昬、Audiovisual、Hard walking "as an official，Resolutely order it。

Last，In the face of increasingly larger bureaucratic teams, the increase in redundant fees、Bloys and other problems of the organization，Some bureaucrats repeatedly stated the disadvantages brought by the redundant officials。Supervisory Royal History Zhu Yiyan: "Realm soil and converge the day and finish，Officials have increased and scheduled for a wide range ...，must be eliminated。"Wang Yu said:" The redundant officials are consumed above，Bing Bing is consumed below，This is the one who can take the advantage of Yamazawa and cannot be enough。""，The reduction of the cost caused by bet365 live casino games redundant officials is very serious，Those who have insight have called for reform。

Reding officials are not unique political phenomena in the Song Dynasty，But the number of redundant officials in the Song Dynasty is the most，Reding officials have always been a factor affecting the stability of the Song regime。Therefore，Removal officers are extremely necessary。Most of the bureaucrats with vision are mostly based on "lucky", "Jinggong Law" and "Mingzheng" as the main measures to eliminate the disadvantages of redundant officials。Early Year of the Calendar，Fan Zhongyan personally checked the register of the Lu Road Supervisors，Hook off the name of the unsteady person。Fu Yan thinks，This measure is too aggressive，persuaded: "Twelve feet are a stroke，I know the family crying! "Song Renzong，Due to "the door of the shade is too wide"，"Sui Ruling，Two thousand people who have been reduced to the three years since the second government "。Yuanyou Early Year，According to Su Shi、Proposal of Kong Wenzhong，"Number of special names for the special name，Jinshi entered the fourth or more、Third -class or more，Pass in the tester，No need to take the full half "。Although these measures have received certain results in the short term，But it cannot fundamentally solve the problem of redundant officials。Some measures are even urgent due to exercise，and seriously affected the stability of the bureaucracy。

The highest rulers and scholars in the Song Dynasty, although they realized the harm of the redundant bet365 live casino games official，But the number of officials will inevitably harm the interests of some bureaucratic groups，This leads to opposition and leads to the unstable regime。The court wants to solve the problem of redundant officials to maintain the rule，It is also necessary to avoid political turmoil caused by too much resistance。and conservative forces must protect their own interests，It is also necessary to prevent redundant officials and cause national instability。The respective demands of the two form a political game，It also caused reform measures to be abolished、Waste again、The fundamental reason why advance and retreat。

Anti -official is the product of the Song Dynasty to strengthen the centralization of centralization，It is also one of the important reasons for the poverty and weakness of the Song Dynasty。Final Song Dynasty，The highest rulers and scholars have a clearer cognition for the disadvantages of the redundant officials，But I can never solve this problem completely。This phenomenon is closely related to its concept of governing the country，Chongwen suppress martial arts、The concept of governing the country with the governance of the emperor and the scholars created officials' complication。Although the Song Dynasty made some reforms，Efforts to cut off guards，But in the final analysis，It is impossible to subvert its fundamental concept of governing the country。Therefore，Final Song Dynasty，Show official cannot completely eliminate。

(This article is the "Song Dynasty State Treasury Revenue and Financial Bet365 app download Operation" (2019BLS004) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: Ancient History Research Center of Henan University)