In Chinese historical documents，Good books (or persuasion books) is a relatively special text category。As the name suggests，Good books are moral/religious books that persuade good to abstain from evil。Song and Ming downs，In the ideological atmosphere of the New Confucian Movement，The good book integrates Taoism ’s“ undertaking theory ”,“ corpse theory ”and“ accumulation of good theory ”，and Buddhism's "Third Introduction"，A set of self -sufficient interpretation system about the relationship between good and evil and destiny of human nature。It establishes a corresponding sexual relationship between morality and fate，Effectively make up for the shortcomings of the orthodox Confucianism "俟 俟。In this case，Good books surpass the social class、The barriers to religious belonging and economic conditions，Production and dissemination of good books、Reading and Practice is a fashion，It has a wide and profound impact on China。Because of this，Good books have been valued by the academic community earlier，Discussion has begun since the 1920s at the latest，It has nearly a century to date。Looking back on the academic history of Chinese good book research，You can briefly sort out the academic context and paradigm conversion。

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Chinese good book research in the 1920s and 1950s is centered on reflecting "national morality"。During the Republic of China，Chinese good book research starts from the collection of literature。This kind of data collection is first related to Japan's Chinese scholars，The earliest belonging to Orange Pu。At that time, Orange Pu was a reporter of "Beijing -Tianjin Day News" at that time，Affected by Japanese folk scholar Nakano Jianghan，I am interested bet365 Play online games in Chinese Taoism。After witnessing that there are a large number of good books such as "Sensing Articles" in Chinese bookstores，Orange Pu visited Lu Xun and Zhou Zuoren in 1923，The conversation between the two parties involves special Taoism。Orange Pu believes that "Sensing" is a classic of popular Taoism，Reflected the existence of the "national morality" of "super class"。And the social foundation of this "national morality" is the lower -level intellectual and the people，The real return concept it shows is with Face consciousness，determines the way people living in Chinese society and the spirit of combined with each other、Moral cause cause。Chinese Shanshu is considered to reflect the "national morality" thinking. It is also inherited by Japanese scholars in China。Sui Sakai Zhongfu believes that "Sensing Articles" and "Yin Yingwen" are "(China) National Taoist Good Books"，Yoshioka Yifeng clearly stated: "I really want to understand the religious thoughts of the people，In addition to seeking good books，Can be said to have no other way。”

Except the collection of Japanese scholars，Follow the relationship between good books and "national morality"，It is also an important issue for the Chinese Modern folklore movement。As an important pioneer of Chinese folklore research，Zhou Zuoren is in the relationship with Japanese scholars (especially Liu Tian Guo)，Gradually interested in "the study of the history of national life"，It can be seen in the vision of folklore，Good books still have contact with "national morality"。Zhou Zuoren hopes to collect the information of the good books "，Deep Research "" As long as you can see，Get as well as as much as possible "，For "information retained as a special and important research"，Even "if you can find a lot of，Another library storage is better "。Affected by the May 4th New Cultural Movement at the time，The academic bet365 Play online games community is keen to know、Criticism and transformation of nationality，Discussion on good books is also inevitable affected by this。The so -called "national" at that time did not refer to the general public，It also includes the traditional period of "scholar doctors" and "towns".。For example，Hu Shi believes that "the first of good books" and "induction" are the same as the six classics，All are the "Make of the Manufacturing Doctor"，Fu Sinian said that "Sensing Articles" is "Textbook’s textbook"，They all saw the influence of good books on shaping "national morality"。

　　Pay attention to the "public specifications"

Chinese good books in Chinese good books in the 1950s and 1980s regarded good books as "public norms"。Data collection benefited from the 1920s and 1950s，Starting in the 1950s，A group of integrated results of Chinese good book research appeared in the academic community，Chinese good book research during this period is mainly represented by Japanese scholars。The most representative result is the "Research on China Good Books", which has participated in Sakai Chungfu, which has participated in the Chinese Society,，This is by far the most systematic research on Chinese good books，It has also established the basic paradigm of Chinese good book research in the future。In "Research on Chinese Good Books"，Sakai Zhongfu regards good books as a book summarized by the people's morality in popular forms。To this end, he will write a book in the Ming Dynasty、"Sixth" and the "Holy Pianda preaching" literature (including "Sixteen Articles" and "Holy Lesson Training") in the Qing Dynasty combined to discuss，It advocates "historical research on the society of the people、The people's education policy and the historical research of the people's relief welfare policy are combined "，Make a comprehensive historical research。It can be seen that Sakai Zhongfu pays attention to the meaning of good books as "public norms"Bet365 lotto review ，So emphasized that studying good books as a historical process that was implemented as moral and educational mediums was implemented as a norm for the people。

After Hikari Zhongfu，Okazaki Yoshin, who has the background of the religion, also continues to discuss the "public norms"。In the book "Research on Chinese Gentlemen and Landlords"，Ohaki Yuji chose to take Yuan Huang as the discussion object，Interaction through thought history and social history，Examine how the good book is compiled by the gentry and landlord、Transformation and spread，Gradually develop into the norms of the public。Affected by the theory of the "Male Community" and "Toning Genre Dominations" in the Japanese sinology community at the time，Compared to observing China's "hero" and "towns"，Okazaki Yoshin emphasizes the expansion of the mechanism of observing the "Male Community" and "Gentleman Domination" mechanism from the spiritual world。He revealed in research: outside the bureaucratic national organization，There is an independent civil society existing and developing; beyond the national order of national law，There is also the development order of folk society; outside the national law world，There is still a world with the moral norms of the people。So，After the study with "public specifications" as a paradigm,，The color of the analysis of "people morality" or "nationality" in Chinese good book research gradually fades，but the same as political history、History of Science、Legal history and other broader research issues link。

　Reflection of "Weber steering"

Chinese good book research since the 1980s was deeply affected by the "Weber's Scene"。The concept of the concept of the concept of the good book，Give it a certain degree of superstition color。Affected by the scientificist and radical anti -traditional movement，China's good book research has not really developed after reform and opening up。bet365 live casino games Whether conscious or unconscious，The driving force behind this development is related to the "Weber steering"。Max Weber (Max Weber) in the book "Protestant Ethics and Capitalism"，The theoretical presets that have a positive spirit and cultural factors have important driving forces for economic and social development，Discuss the close relationship between religious concepts or the spirit of new religion ethics and the spirit of capitalism，and then provide an explanation path for the rise of modern European (commercial) capitalism。Later in the book "Chinese Religion: Confucianism and Taoism"，Max Weber continued the discussion of the "capitalist spirit"，I believe that the ethics of Protestantism is the first motivation of the capitalist economy，and Chinese Confucian ethics not only cannot promote it, but also hinders the emergence of the capitalist economy。This "Weber proposition" has a very strong Western centralist color，But with the help of "Chinese Religion: Confucianism and Taoism", it naturally extends to the field of Chinese history，THOMas Metzger、Du Weiming、A warm discussion of scholars such as Jin Yaoji。

Good books are deeply influenced by Buddhism and Taoism，There are complex entanglements with Confucian ethics，inevitable affected by the "Weber proposition"。"Weber's Steering" is manifested in the field of Chinese good books, which has realized the perspective from "reflection theory" (objective theory) to "influence theory" (subjective theory)。Scholars are no longer satisfied with the historical information of "reflected" from behind the good book，Instead, it advocates transfer from the book itself to the specific crowd，Follow the "influence" of good books on readers and even authors itself。Catherine Bell, French scholar, clearly states: "Books like good books，Not only reflecting (Reflect)，but affecting their social world (Social World)。"A series of studies reflect Bet365 lotto review this paradigm conversion。For example，Cynthia Brokaw "Gong Gegame: The Moral Order of Society in the Ming and Qing Dynasties" by combing the text context of "Gong Geng"，Discuss the socio -economic, ideological and cultural context behind "Gong Geng"; You Zi'an's "Performance Golden Research", "The Same and Sameness of the Qing Dynasty", "Charity and Education since the Ming and Qing Dynasties" and "" Shanshu and Chinese Religion: You Zi Anzhi Collection "is to Yushan Book、Good Man、The "good system" composed of good halls and good deeds conducted systematically studies; Terry Kleeman (Terry Kleeman) uses Wenchang Emperor series of good books as materials，Discuss the expansion process of Wenchang's beliefs; scholars such as Philip Arthur Clart and Paul Russell Katz focus on the research of supporting good books (books)，Try to reveal the religious background and ritual context behind the good book。In addition，"Books" research mentioned in Sakai Zhongfu is still continuing，Thanks to the sorting of good book literature，Li Gang、Chen Xia、Zhang Yichen and other scholars have done new and in -depth research。

Chinese Shanshu Research generally presents two trends: one is to get out of the "superstition theory"。Converting ideas、In the process of adjusting the perspective，Scholars gradually dispel the superstition color carried by the good book，Study on Chinese good books from the level of academicity。The second is the trap of the "homogeneity theory"。"homogeneous theory" believes that good books "just persuade others to pursue"，"The same" is even "one -sided word"。Chinese good book research is after the trap of the "homogeneity theory"，From various politics、Social and ideological and cultural phenomena，To comprehensively understand good and evil、Sensory topics such as sensory books。Research on Chinese Good Books in the future，It should bet365 live casino games also inherit this academic way，Based on the research of "Books"，Constantly promoting the transformation of good book research from literature science propositions to special historical propositions，In -depth research on multi -disciplinary and multi -perspective。

(Author Unit: The School of Marxism, Fujian Normal University)