In the Shang and Zhou dynasties，Officer will take office，must first register for life，Books can be said to be an important system for early national political operations。and now the "Fate", "Original Fate", "The Fate of the Nest", "The Life of the Weizi", "The Life of Care", "The Life of Cai Zhongzhi", "Cai Zhongzhi's Life"，Most of them are the essays of "Ancient Books"，The era of its literature is relatively late，Reality is questioned by scholars。In a sense,，Scarce of Latest Book Documents，It is the main bottleneck of restricting the research of the register system of Yin Zhou。Tsinghua Jian is a new opinion literature，Among them, "Fu's Life", "The Fate of the Make", "Fate" as a "Book of Life" literature，It is considered to be in the middle of the Shang Dynasty、Early and late Western Zhou Dynasty，It provides a rare opportunity to study the evolution of the early regulation system。We arrange the three in the order of time，Combined with bronze inscriptions and other materials，Blindly、Evolution of long -term period，The laws and characteristics of the regulating system of the pipe in the ancient times。

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Tsinghua Jane's "Fate" Jane 32 records the time of life、Location、傧 等，The academic world has two opinions on this: one opinion believes that the brief article should be regarded as two articles，The relationship between the order order and the text; another opinion is that it is a literature。Li Xueqin thinks，Tsinghua Jane's "Fate" plus the last simple literature，Not two articles ("Talking about Tsinghua Jane" Fate "Article Example，"Journal of Tsinghua University" 2018, No. 5)。

A complete Western Zhou Dynasty Book Destiny Jinwen，Generally includes the time of the book、Location、傧、Xuanming、Gift、Disputes, etc.。But one or two contents lacking in the register Jinwen，Not uncommon。Rushan Pan、Lu Yan has never recorded the "right" of the ritual etiquette; Master Mao 簋、Shi Dao 簋、Wang Chen、Division borrowed、The inscriptions such as Zhao Ye lacked the specific bet365 Play online games ministry of Zhou Wang awarded to the victim;。The focus of our discussion is whether Tsinghua Jane's "Fate" is one or two articles，but why does it write this style?

Handover the Life Letter，is an important part of a register of life。Song Ding inscription: "Yin's (granted) Wang Ling (Ming) book，Wang Hu (Ho) Shi Yan's Shengba Ling (Destiny)。"" ("Yin Zhou Jinwen Integration"，Instrument number 9731) Yin family handed the life book to Wang，Wang Zhan Shengsheng read the life book of his life in the court。According to this, it can be seen that before the Western Zhou Dynasty was held in the Western Zhou Dynasty，Life books are generally made in advance。Making Life Books and Announcement of Men's Different Historical Officers。Accepted by those who accept the book "Destiny (Destiny) Book，Pending "，After returning, "Lad in Temple"，Book of Book Fate，Carved into a bronze inscription，Do not forget with Yongzhi，Live -taught post -life。

Tsinghua Jane's "Fate" said "Wang Hu (Hu) Book Book Book Book Book Photo"，Zhou Wang's command to book a book to read the book of Fate。Visible，"Fate" 1 to 31 Jane Jane's Jane Jane may be a life book taken by Zhou Tianzi Book of Life，and it is pre -written before the ritual ceremony。"Fate" although there are many places "Wang Yue"，But at the row ceremony，The book is actually replaced by the historian。After the ritual ceremony is over，An official preparation of historical officials，An important token for a regulation of life，Reward to the registered person。

Different responsibilities of different officials in the Western Zhou Dynasty。Book of Life Select Ji Ri，Decisive by the person through divination。Historian officials are responsible for writing the book，But there is no right to determine the date of register，I can’t write it in the book in advance。We doubt the content of the 32nd simplification of "Fate"，Including the Date of Life、The ritual of the fate of Xuan Tianzi and the historians，It is a supplementary note after the end of the ritual ritual。Breeding with Jane 31，The writing time of the two parts before and after "Fate" is different，Tsinghua Jane "Fate" No. 31、32 Simplified Simplified Symbols，The original state that shows two parts that have not yet been synthesized。

Minister auxiliary monarchs，bet365 Play online games Repeated merit，The Emperor will register the Minister multiple times。Chen Hanping divided the register of life into the beginning、Fighting、Life、Life、Modification、Six types of life ("Research on the Western Zhou Dynasty Books System"，Xuelin Press 1986 edition，Page 29-31)。You can be sure，Tsinghua Jane's "Fate of the Make" is "Starting Life"。Tsinghua Jane's "Fate" when Wang said, "Today's Destiny Ru"，Let Bo take a photo of government affairs，Then "Ming Life" — officially register。In the past, it was generally believed that the officials of the dynasty had to accept the bookbar，Then you can block the officials、Treatment of government affairs。Bo photographed age，Tianzi asked him to perform his duties first，Repeated experience，Resessment after being able to be competent，Clarify its position。This kind of flexible "use first life"，Let us have a new knowledge different from the past。

Tsinghua Jane's "Fu's Life" three articles are not above、Middle、Below relationship，How to position the relationship between them，It is a hot issue that scholars are concerned。Generally speaking，There can only be a life book。"Book Small Preface" cloud: "Gao Zongmeng has to say，Make Baigong's business for the wild，Get Zhu Fuyan，Three articles of "Speaking"。"Gao Zong's" Speaking "three articles" Top "，Can't be understood as Wuding saw Fu after seeing Fu，Written three consecutive life books at one time，should be understood as a long -term process。Zhao Ping'an regards "Fu Shu's Life" as "Book Preface"，Very inspiring。Tsinghua Jane "Fu's Life" Chapter A，and B、B chapter presents a total score structure。Both and C and C are both fate，But the content is very different，They may be divided into two bakes of two different periods。

Tsinghua Jane's "Fu's Life" Chapter Y Cloud: Wang(Originally) than Jue Meng，Said: "Ru 逨 (Come) but the emperor's life?" 敓 (said): "Yunruo Temple (time)。"Wu Ding recalls the situation in the dream，Ask Fu, say: Are you coming to God? Fu said that the answer yes。Therefore, we suspect that Tsinghua Jane's "Fu's Life" Chapter B，It is Wu Ding and Fu's first meeting，Its life resignation should be "starting life"。

Tsinghua Jane's "The Life of Fu Shuo" said:

Wang said: "敓 (said), you do not(Crazy) said: ‘Yu Ke enjoys Yupi. ’QiThe Si Fang people are not (丕) Keming, you only have 10,000(Shou) talent (in) is politics. Women are also grammar,(恫) 眔 (瘝) Xiaomin,(Middle) is punishment，Ru Yi has only Wanfu Industry in Nai Bei (Serving)。”

Wu Ding warned Fu to say "Ru without(Crazy) "，Don't rely on my faith，Light and arrogant when dealing with government affairs。It can be seen that Wuding has been with Fu Ding for a long time。More critical is，"Si Si Fangmin" sentence，Explain that Fu said the scope of the jurisdiction covers Wang Yi，People in the pan and the people。The status of Shang Daitian is extremely lofty，Wu Ding urged, "Women are also good and Xiantian，(恫) 眔 (瘝) Xiaomin "，Let Fu say to show the will of heaven，Care about Li Min's suffering。At this time, Fu said high weight，Perhaps authority may have been comparable to "Gong"。

"Historical Records of Yin Benji": "(Wuding) Words with the words，Fruit Saint，Acting as a phase，Yin Guo Dazhi。"Sima Qian's description，It seems that Wu Ding appointed Fu said at the time。Actually，"Fu's Life" Chapter A said: "Say 逨 (Come)，Since it is in Yin，Wang's fate is said to be a public。"Fu said that it was originally the city of building the city，Wu Ding cannot see Fu at first sight，Immediately promoted him as a public。"Since the thing of Yu Yin"，It can be seen that Fu said that he led the army to gain a loss、Speaking Na Yun，After the establishment of the honor many times，Only Wu Ding's life was public。We suspect that "Fu's Life" is album.，Maybe Fu said "as promoted".。Don’t，The phrase "Wang Yongming said as a public" in the article "。

In short，Dialogue of the monarch and minister in the literature of "Book Fate"，Is a live record。Destiny Book，Including the speech of the previous emperor，Most of them are written in advance，At that time, it was read by the historian on the spot。Taking Jane 31 as the dividing point，Tsinghua Jane's "Fate" before and after the two parts are written in different parts，It may be the original state of two parts that have not been processed into one article。Tsinghua Jane's "Fu's Life" three articles，With its inner logic structure: Chapter A is the background and experience in politics in the general narrative of Wuding Book.，Chapter bet365 live casino games B and C are two different lives of life。B article is the book "Starting Life"，Chapter C may be the lifebook of Wu Ding's ordering Fu，that is "increased life"。"Book Small Preface" Yun "Wuding" Three Articles of "Life"，Can't understand it as a one -time writing three books，should be from long -term、Interpretation of multiple registered angles。

　　Reflecting the change of the regulating system

Tsinghua Jane's "Fu's Life" in the "Destiny of Fu", Yin Gaozong's order Fu said as "Gong"，"Historical Records of Yin Benji" King of Enthusiasts appointed King of the King as Sibo，Shaanxi Zhouyuan Bone "(Book) Zhou Fangbo "。These records echo each other，It can be known that the booking system has sprouted as early as the Shang Dynasty。The register of the Shang Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty now，Compared with the following。

First，The ritual ritual is increasingly thorough、programming。Tsinghua Jane's "The Life of Fu Shu" Byun: "Say 逨 (Come) from Fu Yan，in Yin。Wuding facing the door，Enter in Zong。"" From Tsinghua Jane's "Fu's Life"，Wu Ding's fate in the form of life books，Place in Taimiao。Basic features of the Western Zhou Dynasty Book Life System，It has appeared during the Gaozong period。Although the "age" and "year" Ji Shi appeared in the Shang Dynasty，But Tsinghua Jane's "Fu's Life" just said "saying from Fu Yan，in Yin "，Leading the full text with the incident (Chapter A、B is all)。As for the specific time of the register、Whether the historian Xuan Xuan's life，I did not record it in detail。

Add Moon Phase in the register time，It is the outstanding feature of Zhou people。Tsinghua Jane's "Fate" Cloud: "Only September Wanting Renshen，Wang Zaihao Jing，Gee in the room，ascended，Xian。Shi Yan Youbo Photo，Standing in Zhong court，north direction。"Tsinghua Jane's" Fate "Book of Life，Including month、Moon phase、Three elements of dry branches。Book Location is in Haojing，Shi Wang is in the same room，Shi Yan guided Bo to take internal，Then stand in the atrium，Listening Historian announcement announcement。Fu said to see Wuding in Taimiao，It is estimated that there are also special person guidance，But the businessman has not given special attention to this etiquette。"Yin Qin Zhou Wen"，Businessmen pay attention to content，and neglected the form bet365 best casino games of recording etiquette。Zhou people emphasize the sense of ritual，A relatively complete regulatory elements and etiquette have been formed.，Such as time、Location、Bian Zhan、Shi Wang Xuanming (or by the historian)、Destiny、Position or job、Reviewing items、The words of the commandment and the appointed person worshiped。Regardless of content or program，These changes from rough to fine to fine，All marked the maturity and improvement of the Western Zhou Dynasty's life system。

2，Metaphorical rhetoric is reduced，Political Set a large number of emergence。Due to the characteristics of the times or the personal character of Shiwang，The Book of Shang Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty presents different language features。Tsinghua Jane's "Fu's Life" Chapter B Wu Ding said: "Ruojin，Use Wei Ru to do hard。... If drought，Ru as the rainy rain。If(full) water，Ru Zuzhou。"Wu Ding said that Fu said as a grinding knife stone、Gan Lin、Boat，Xun Fu said that he should try his best to assist himself。Sight in Wuding Book，Metaphor a large number of appearances，Wide materials，up to drought、Flying Bird，down to boat、Bingyu，Vivid image，Leave a very deep impression for people。After King Zhou Cheng，Metaphorical rhetoric is significantly reduced，"Don't waste your life", "Rong Xixi", "Make Zhou Hou screen" and other words appear in large numbers，Politics is strong，The language is slightly dull。

Third，Change of the main theme of thought。God is the supremacy of the businessman，Ghost God worship occupies their ideological world。Tsinghua Jane's "Fu's Life" Chapter B said: "Wang(Originally) than Jue Meng，Said: ‘Ru Yan (Come) but Emperor’ s life? ‘(Said):‘ Yunruo Temple (time)。’" Wu Ding asked Fu，Is your arrival of God's life? Wu Ding said yes。"Fu's Life" records Fu tells the gods of God to assist Wuding，Ghost and God's color is strong。Fu said no merit、No qualifications、You can get a register，Only by God，You can get a register。

Tsinghua Jane's "Fate of the Make" cloud:

(Wang Wang) ... 雩 (Yue) in the world，Therefore, the first day of persuasion 斁，Xiang (Shang) (pure) Juede，Destiny，（) Yin Sifang ... (Wu Wang) □ Si Ming Xun，Caliba (Jue)，God God，(桓）) Jing Jing, strictly destiny.

Since King Zhou Cheng，When a booking is sealed, Bet365 app download it is generally necessary to trace back to the king、The virtue of Wu Wang，Describes the achievement of the ancestor of the person or himself to help Zhou Wang，"Jue has virtues and Luo has merit"。Compared with Tsinghua Jian's "Fu's Life"，Weekly Book Life Witch Ghost Color is obviously weakened，and the humanistic concept rises。The contents of the register emphasize that the ancestors (or I) assisted Zhou Tianzi to have merit、Destiny of virtue is outstanding。Jingtian Baomin、Stereon reward，The main theme of the Western Zhou Dynasty's Note concept。

Brief words，From Shang Dynasty to Western Zhou，Book time、Location、The records of the blessed from rough and sparse，Destiny program is becoming increasingly cumbersome，The sense of ritual is getting stronger。From the worship of ghosts and gods to the virtue of traceability of cultural and military，Closer to humanity from heaven，The changes in Yin Zhou's life system show the early Chinese political system、The development and change of humanistic spirit。

　　(Author Unit: China Confucius Research Institute)