History of Materials was introduced to China in the early 20th century，With its scientific halo、Logical power and the great cause of the reality of change，Winned the heartfelt service of more and more academic people。The historical view of materialism has brought a profound impact on the development of modern Chinese history.，Not only does it provide a scientific view of history and methodology，Building a strict logic、The interpretation of modern history interpretation system，and to a certain extent standardized the main position and value orientation of the researchers，guided research perspective and research topic。Where，Pay attention to the historical role of the people，The core essential meaning of the historical view of materialism，As General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in an important speech at the 100th anniversary of the establishment of the Communist Party of China: "The people are the creators of history，Is the real hero。"The most important conceptual change brought by the historical view of materialism，It is to write "History of the Labor People"。The focus of historical attention turns to the life of the people in the lower level，Focus on describe the people's economy、Social Life and its resistance struggle，Therefore, the main position and value orientation of historical research have produced profound changes。

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Compared with the Republic of China，Modern history research after the founding of the People's Republic of China has a significant conversion in the research center of gravity and historical materials。From the late Qing Dynasty to drop，Many scholars advocate writing "people history"。Liang Qichao scolded the disadvantages of "the history of the people" as early as the 20th century，Back "Jun Shi"、Promoting "the history of the people" has become one of the key points of the change of the concept of new historical concepts。but，This advocacy is mostly for political purposes，The advocates "There is no real change in this direction in its heart"，Therefore, the "people history" in the initiative has not been developed in substantial，Historical research is still the above -level elite as the main object。

Those who truly reverse the history of the elite from the practical level，bet365 Play online games Marxist history under the guidance of materialist history。Material History Constraine emphasizes history. First of all, it is the history of material data producers，Workers and peasants engaged in material materials production are regarded as "creators of history" and "master of history"。翦 翦 clearly proposed，"Pass Chinese history in a main body with the people，Economy as the main trunk，Mainstream with class struggle as the power "，"Should stand on the position of the working people"，Establish a new view of "centered on the people of labor"。Lin Zengping also emphasized，"First of all, it is necessary to study the history of the production struggle and class struggle for the past century，In particular, the revolutionary struggle of the Chinese people's anti -imperialist and anti -feudal revolutionary struggle as the main body of the history of nearly a century "。

　　Historical research center of gravity move down

Under the guidance of this concept and orientation，The focus of historical attention moves down to the bottom people，Historian scholars have begun to write "History of the Labor People"。Research on modern Chinese history under the guidance of materialist history，Give high attention to people at the bottom of modern times。During the Republic of China，Famous scholars studying modern Chinese history such as Chen Gonglu、Jiang Tingyi, etc.，All hold the elite position，Understand the role of ordinary people。Jiang Tingyi thinks，"All new careers are advocated by a few prophets ancestors，Try to work hard，Slowly struggling "。Chen Gonglu for the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom、Violent resistance of the lower levels such as the Boxer Movement and other people hold a negative attitude。Marxist scholars who are guided by the Materials History Outlook，Pay attention to the historical role of the people。Li Dingsheng published in 1933 "Modern History of China"，For peasant uprising、People Anti -Imperial Movement、Labor political struggle at the expense of pen and ink，For the "changes in the court、The guilt of bureaucratic、Martial Arts of the Martial Arts、Hero's words and deeds，In other historical books, we must use heavy rolls to describe narrative，And we do n’t pay much attention to it here. "。Fan Wenlan's "Modern History of China"，Also with the position of the public，Strike the struggle of the lower levels to bet365 Play online games describe，Ru Pingying Group struggle，There is no location in Jiang Tingzheng's works，and in Fan Wenlan's work, details。

History of "Centers for Labor People"，It was popularized and strengthened after 1949，I sincerely accepted by most historical researchers，Become a unknown consensus。Even the relatively old -fashioned scholars, such as Jin Yuli, have a deep understanding of this，He is engaged in the collection of historical materials of the Republic of China，Emphasizing "We organize historical materials to separate the revolutionary historical materials from the counter -revolutionary，Just put the focus of organizing on the part of the revolutionary historical material，It is on the body of the working and farmers engaged in production "。

1954-1957 Modern history installment discussion，Discipline of modern Chinese history to the key。After warm contention，The concept of "three revolutionary climax" built by Hu Sheng has been recognized more。"Three Revolutionary Originals" essentially highlight the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, which signs the people's resistance since modern times、Boxer Movement、The Revolution of 1911，Highlight the resistance of the people (especially farmers) for the people，As the fundamental promotion force of modern history development。Shao Xunzheng pointed out: "Give the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and other labor people against the fight against" sufficient status and weight "，can clarify "the Chinese people have been unyielding for more than a hundred years、Repeat the heroic struggle of encouraging (strict) "。

Disciplinary system marked with the concept of "three revolutionary climax"，Modern history research centered on the history of Sino -foreign relations during the Republic of China is very different，A guiding impact on the study of modern Chinese history，Pay attention to the focus to the lower level people and their resistance movements。Judging from the academic special research in the field of modern history from 1950 to 1970，Most of the research works are concentrated in "Three Revolutionary Ordasm"，And the three specialists of modern Chinese history are the Chinese History Research Society of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom、China Boxer Research Association、The Revolutionary History Research Society of 1911。

　Collect the historical materials of ordinary people

Modern history research during the Republic of China attaches importance bet365 Play online games to archives historical materials，Jiang Tingyu、Jiang Tingyu、Fu Sinian and others particularly focused on official politics、Diplomacy Historical Materials，Reflection of the vision of elite history。The mainstream academic circles of the Republic of China ignore the lower levels，There are many investigations on modern history。Wang Qingcheng criticized，"The Kuomintang reactionary rule did not attach importance to academic research，Not engaged in organized historical surveys，Causes the unshakable loss of historical research "。and Luo Jialun、Jiang Tingyi and others different，Research on modern Chinese history under the guidance of materialist history，Change due to the main position，The vision of its historical materials also changed。"Labor People" as the main object of the modern history of China，It is necessary to focus on collecting information about ordinary people。The previous historical science basically focused on "elite" as the orientation，The people in the lower level are basically in a state of dismissal。Therefore，Text information since modern times, although the text information is like a sea of ​​smoke，But the historical materials of the lower people are quite limited，And these limited information are mostly recorded in the "landlord class"，often with prejudice and distorted，Under the new vision, it is often considered "unreliable"。，Writing "The History of the Labor People" may become "rice without rice"。

To solve this problem，Must be taken into account。Modern history research under the guidance of materialist history，How to obtain historical materials formed a very different concept and orientation from the period of the Republic of China: that is, attach importance to the library、The archives of the archives have turned to emphasize the seeking historical materials from the field of history。In terms of time,，"Modern" character history events, after all, not far today，between "What I Seeing" and "The World I His"，Some witnesses are still in，or passed down by his father's ancestors，Historic survey interviews have actual operability。Huagang wrote a article pointed out，"Passenger of the Boat of Modern History in China、paddles and rudder，There are still a lot of health now，As long as we are willing to investigate and visit，You can get many fresh historical materials，As the basis or reference of our research "。Ma Changshou, who has worked hard to conduct bet365 best casino games a return to the people's uprising investigation，"Prove to the facts，my country's history in the past century，Through the survey method，It can solve some or most problems。... In order to correct the fallacy of historical materials and further and in -depth understanding of the truth of the facts，Historical survey becomes an urgent work "。

The 1950s and 1960s，On -site historical survey is favored by modern history researchers，Scientific methods that are regarded as "a role that fully reflects the real situation of history"。Liu Yaohan after many field surveys，Complete the "Development Process of the Social and Economic Structure of a Yi area before the Liberation of the Ming and Qing Dynasties"，Fan Wenlan wrote "Introduce a Manuscript to the Words" and praise it.。Fan Wenlan compared the historical materials obtained from the survey, "The Shanyaming Girl in front of the eyes"，Think of the wonderful place of Liu Yaohan's article，The materials used in the materials "All are taken from a field survey，No historical record can be "。

On -site survey is full of wind

This period，The historical investigation team with a variety of names has been established，The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, which belongs to the "Three Revolutionary Originals"、Boxer Movement、The Revolution of 1911 naturally attracted the most attention，These three historical events involve all parts of the country，Many provinces and cities have organized many relevant historical surveys。other，Anti -Qing uprising of the lower and small people in modern history has become a place of martial arts for historical surveys，The anti -emperor struggle of the people is also highly valued by the investigators。China Modern History Survey is full of wind，The results of the survey are also often attracted to the high degree of attention academic circles。The modern history survey of prosperity is mostly led by the provincial and municipal government departments，Researchers with historical research institutions and teachers and students of colleges and universities as the main force for investigation，Involved in Face Wide、Large scale。Institute of Modern History of the Chinese Academy of Sciences as a national historian，Also want to do something。Fan Wenlan attaches great importance to historical investigations，In 1955, the pair of Bullets was arranged、The Revolution of 1911、Beiyang Warlord、May 4th Movement、Historical bet365 Play online games investigations for major historical events such as the first domestic revolutionary war，In the 1958 History Research Institute, a survey plan was formulated。In Hu Qiaomu、Yang Dongzhang、Liu Diannian and others actively promoted，In May 1964, the Institute of Modern History formally established the "Modern Chinese Social History Survey Working Committee"，Formulated a pretty ambitious plan，First declare: "Social History Survey is an extremely important link in the research of modern Chinese history。Due to the incomplete incompleteness of the document files of the old China，Among them, most of them are distorted by the landlord bourgeoisie，Just record according to text，It is difficult to explore many major historical problems。So，Only planned nationwide、Social historical survey with organizational places，Establish an excellent learning style，can gradually overcome the defects in the past research work，Research the study of modern Chinese history to a higher level。"" "，The work of this committee is forced to interrupt。

From the 1950s to the 1970s，Many modern history researchers accept the concept of writing "the history of the people of the working people"，and actually invest in historical survey，Get the historical materials of ordinary people。The prosperity of social historical surveys in the field of modern Chinese history，Can't just attribute to the top -down organization to promote，Not the product of "politicalization" in history，Mainly in the core of the historical view of materialism — the deep manifestation of the "people's history" in the field of modern history。Through historical survey，The historical materials of the lower -level people's resistance since modern times have been excavated in large quantities，Emphasized historical materials for the study and writing of modern Chinese history。

The historical view of materialism has brought a profound impact on the development of Chinese modern history disciplines，Writing "History of Labor People" has become exciting slogan，Win the sincere service of most modern history researchers。The 2050s，The reason why China's modern historical discipline system is formally valued by modern people's resistance、Pay attention to the basic appearance of social and historical surveys，It also originated from the inner logic of the historical Bet365 app download view of materialism。The perspective and value position of European and American history after World War II in the World War II fits。After reform and opening up，Research on modern social history develops rapidly，Introduction to the theoretical method of the European and American academic circles，It is also the inner spirit of the historical view of materialism、The continuation of Marxist history tradition。Although the theoretical methods of modern history research are diversified today，But we must firmly adhere to the guidance of historical research on historical materialism。As far as the discipline of modern Chinese history，The historical view of materialism has largely affected the deep thinking methods and the overall pattern of the subject of mainland Chinese researchers，Therefore, the study of modern history in mainland China presents the basic appearance that is different from Hong Kong, Taiwan, and European and American.。

(the author is a researcher at the Institute of History Theoretical Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)