Zhao Yuntian, a researcher at the Institute of Modern History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, is a famous expert on Qing history，Long-term research on Qing history, especially Qing border history，Decades of solid study、Continuously writing、Remarkable achievements，Especially in the study of the vassal system of bet365 sportsbook review, he made pioneering contributions。"Research on the feudal system of bet365 sportsbook review" written with 40 years of hard work (Social Science Literature Press 2021 edition)，is part of the "Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Elderly Scholars Library"，And was selected as one of the "Top Ten Best Books in Social Science Literature in the First Half of 2021"。The book is divided into 12 chapters，more than 600,000 words in total，Formation of vassals in bet365 sportsbook review、vassal administration organization、Military Government System、Legal and Penal System、Social system、Nobility system、Hajj system、Inn and Karen System、Tibetan Buddhist system、Bi Zhi forehead consort system、New Deal vassal reform in the late Qing Dynasty、12 special topics including the historical role and limitations of the vassal system，Provided a systematic and comprehensive explanation。After reading，I deeply feel that this is the author’s scholarly work，So don’t be presumptuous，On the content and features of the book，Talk about some feelings。

First，Using historical materialism to study the vassal system of bet365 sportsbook review，Has the role and influence of pioneering trends。The vassal system was an important system of bet365 sportsbook review，Large time span、Involving a vast area、Many ethnic groups、The content is extremely complex，Research is quite difficult。Previous research was mainly limited to certain specific issues or phenomena in the Lifan Yuan，In depth of research、There are great deficiencies in breadth。Also，The Opium War is the boundary，Qing history is often divided into two parts，The first section belongs to the history of bet365 sportsbook review，The latter part belongs to modern history。This will inevitably cause the research on the vassal system to be fragmented，Lack of systematicity，Not a whole。Zhao Yuntian has accumulated more than 40 years of efforts，Tracing the development process of the vassal system in bet365 sportsbook review (that is, from the beginning of bet365 sportsbook review to the end of bet365 sportsbook review) and its various specific systems、Close analysis，Using the above 12 topics as 12 chapters of this book，The content covers the main aspects of the vassal system and the dynamic changes of the system，Making the study of the vassal system systematic、Comprehensiveness，Highlighting the research characteristics of institutional history。From this，The publication of "Research on the Vassal System of bet365 sportsbook review" is of great significance。First，This book has become the first work in the field of Qing history at home and abroad to systematically study the vassal system of bet365 sportsbook review，Has the function of filling academic gaps。Second，Effectively promote the development and development of a new situation in the study of Qing history，Enabled academic circles and latecomers to have a more in-depth and comprehensive understanding of the vassal issues in bet365 sportsbook review，Research on the history of ethnic groups and ethnic relations in bet365 sportsbook review、Research on Frontier History and Frontier Affairs、Research on the characteristics of bet365 sportsbook review’s rule and even the history of the late Qing Dynasty, etc.，Both have important reference value。Third，Contributed an important empirical evidence to the current upsurge in frontier academic circles actively calling for the establishment of "Chinese Frontier Studies"。

Secondly，On the currently popular erroneous theories，An honest and powerful rebuttal。Zhao Yuntian emphasized，The vassal vassal in bet365 sportsbook review had an important strategic position、Related to national stability、Historically it was part of China、Closely connected with the mainland of China in terms of economy and culture、The process of formation is also the process of development and consolidation of a multi-ethnic unified country in bet365 sportsbook review。This is what every scholar studies on the history of bet365 sportsbook review’s frontiers、The basic starting point for summarizing the historical experience of bet365 sportsbook review’s frontiers，Only in this way can we be comprehensive、Accurately reveal the full picture of history to people。In recent years，The "New Qing History" school in the United States made a big fuss about the border management policies of bet365 sportsbook review，Attempts to highlight the "Inner Asian tradition" ("Inner Asia" is the abbreviation of "Inland Asia"，actually refers to Mongolia、Xinjiang、Tibet and other regions) Deconstructing the inheritance of ancient China from bet365 sportsbook review，Then by emphasizing the so-called "Manchu factors" in the rule of bet365 sportsbook review and the differences between bet365 sportsbook review rulers and the Han rulers of previous generations，Making the binary opposition between grassland culture and Confucian culture，To disintegrate China’s internal cohesion，To achieve the purpose of splitting China。This book systematically sorts out the documents of bet365 sportsbook review，Powerful proof that the vassal system was an important part of the overall national management system of bet365 sportsbook review，It is the inheritance and development of the relevant systems of ancient Chinese dynasties；Inspection of the vassal system，Proof that bet365 sportsbook review was always interested in Tibet、Xinjiang、Mongolia and other regions are implementing substantial and effective management。The book also states，Although the vassal system of bet365 sportsbook review had some limitations in its specific implementation，But its positive effects are obvious: First, it opened up a new situation for the unification of bet365 sportsbook review；The second is to promote the economic development and social progress of the vassal；Third, it promotes economic and cultural exchanges and national integration among various ethnic groups；Fourth, it is conducive to stabilizing the social situation、Maintain national unity and resist aggression by foreign forces。Review historical facts，These conclusions are correct，No one can deny it。It can also be seen from this，This book has a distinctive feature of "applying practical knowledge to the world"。

Finally，The book "Research on the Vassal System of bet365 sportsbook review" is guided by Marxist historical materialism，Make full use of the Qing palace archives that have been opened in recent years，Among them, only the files collected by the First Historical Archives of China include: Mongolian old files、Mongolian restaurant、Deputy memorial recorded by the Military Aircraft Department、Zhu Pi Memorial、Lifanyuan (Department) File、Zong Renfu Quanzong, etc.，And nearly 30 types of archives and special collections。At the same time，Also consulted a large number of historical books and documents from bet365 sportsbook review，Then combine historical archives and historical documents、Research methods that corroborate each other and comprehensively refine them，The system of constructing the vassal system of bet365 sportsbook review，And elaborated，Thus new things emerge one after another。To give a few examples: First, the formation of the vassal (including various systems within the vassal) and vassal management institutions in bet365 sportsbook review、The issues in the development stage are clearly sorted out，Well-founded，Can be a reliable history；Second, the feudal title system in bet365 sportsbook review was a very important part of the vassal system，"Manuscript of Qing History" also records this。Zhao Yuntian has carefully researched and verified，In Chapter 6 "Nobility System"，There are 318 vassal titles in bet365 sportsbook review，A total of 2,674 people were initially granted the title and knighted；It was found out that the "Fans Genealogy Table" in the "Manuscript of Qing History" was in the title of Xijue、Cutting the title、There are 208 errors in death year and other aspects，Corrected uniformly，Provides convenience for late comers，No more detours。The third is the system of preparing for the forehead consort，Already implemented in the early Qing Dynasty，This is the main system used by the Qing court to select princes-in-law from Mongolia。But in the past, some scholars believed that this system came into being in the second year of Qianlong, the 22nd year of Jiaqing, or the sixth year of Daoguang。The book states，The above views are questionable。Zhao Yuntian passed further research，It is believed that this system is only recorded in the "Li Fanyuan Rules" in the sixth year of Daoguang Dynasty and the "Qing Huidian Cases" compiled in the Guangxu Dynasty，Related to the decreasing number of Mongolian emperors chosen by the Qing court as foreign vassals，This is the highlight of the countermeasures taken by the Qing government。The regulations on the treatment of concubines were first established during the Shunzhi period，At the latest during the Jiaqing period，The three dynasties of Kangxi, Yongzong and Qianlong had many regulations。This proves from one aspect that the system of the emperor's son-in-law had already emerged in the early Qing Dynasty，Going through a long process of improvement，Becoming complete during the prosperous period of Kangxi and Qianlong。This corrects the misjudgment of previous generations，And draw the correct conclusion。

(The author is a professor at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Former deputy editor of "Journal bet365 sportsbook review Graduate School bet365 sportsbook review Chinese Academy of Social Sciences"、Editor review)